Socialism, communism and capitalism

Question 1

socialism

Answer 1

a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Question 2

utopia

Answer 2

an imagined place or state of things in which everything is perfect. The word was first used in the book Utopia (1516) by Sir Thomas More.

Question 3

Robert owen

Answer 3

was a Welsh social reformer and one of the founders of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement. He worked in the cotton industry in Manchester before setting up a large mill at New Lanark in Scotland.

Question 4

Karl Max

Answer 4

was a philosopher and economist famous for his ideas about capitalism and communism. Marx, in conjunction with Friedrich Engels, published “The Communist Manifesto” in 1848; later in his life, he wrote “Das Kapital,” which discussed the labor theory of value.

Question 5

Communism

Answer 5

political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Question 6

Proletariat

Answer 6

workers or working-class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism).

Question 7

Democratic

Answer 7

relating to or supporting democracy or its principles.

Question 8

Communist manifest

Answer 8

is an 1848 political pamphlet by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich

Question 9

Capitalism

Answer 9

an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Question 10

Thomas Muthus

Answer 10

was the first economist to propose a systematic theory of population. He articulated his views regarding population in his famous book, Essay on the Principle of Population (1798), for which he collected empirical data to support his thesis.

Question 11

David Ricardo

Answer 11

was a classical economist known for his Iron Law of Wages, labor theory of value, theory of comparative advantage and theory of rents. David Ricardo and several other economists also simultaneously and independently discovered the law of diminishing marginal returns.

Question 12

Dictatorship

Answer 12

government by a dictator.

Question 13

laisses-faire

Answer 13

a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering

Question 14

Adam smith

Answer 14

is one of the world’s most famous economists. Modern capitalism owes its roots to Adam Smith and his Wealth of Nations, which many consider the single most important economic work in history.

Question 15

friedrich engels

Answer 15

German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈɛŋəls]; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German philosopher, social scientist, journalist, and businessman. He founded Marxist theory together with Karl Marx.

Question 16

Declaration

Answer 16

formal or explicit statement or announcement.

Question 17

Suffrage

Answer 17

the right to vote in political elections.

Question 18

Romanticism

Answer 18

1.
a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual.

Question 19

Realism

Answer 19

1.

the attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly

Question 20

Naturalism

Answer 20

style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail.

Question 21

Beethoven

Answer 21

German composer. Despite increasing deafness Beethoven was responsible for a prodigious output: nine symphonies, thirty-two piano sonatas, sixteen string quartets, the opera Fidelio (1814), and the Mass in D (the Missa Solemnis, 1823).

Question 22

Mark twain

Answer 22

was a Mississippi River term: the second mark on the line that measured depth signified two fathoms, or twelve feet—safe depth for the steamboat. In 1857, at the age of twenty-one, he became a “cub” steamboat pilot.

Question 23

Cartography

Answer 23

the science or practice of drawing maps.

Question 24

Social Darwinism

Answer 24

the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform.

Question 25

Charles Darwin

Answer 25

British naturalist of the nineteenth century. He and others developed the theory of evolution. This theory forms the basis for the modern life sciences. Darwin’s most famous books are The Origin of Speciesand The Descent of Man.

Question 26

Albert Finstein

Answer 26

physicist born in Germany who formulated the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity; Einstein also proposed that light consists of discrete quantized bundles of energy (later called photons) (1879-1955) Einstein.

Question 27

Reality

Answer 27

1.

the world or the state of things as they actually exist, as opposed to an idealistic or notional idea of them.

Question 28

Moderism

Answer 28

is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Question 29

Impressionism

Answer 29

style or movement in painting originating in France in the 1860s, characterized by a concern with depicting the visual impression of the moment, especially in terms of the shifting effect of light and color.

Question 30

Monet

Answer 30

1840–1926, French landscape painter; the leading exponent of impressionism.

Question 31

Natural selection

Answer 31

the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution.

Question 32

Peter Ilyich

Answer 32

Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, was a Russian composer of the late-Romantic period, some of whose works are among the most popular music in the classical repertoire.

Question 33

Sigmund Freud

Answer 33

is known as the Father of Psychoanalysis, a method for treating psychological pathology by means of dialogue between the patient and the psychoanalyst. During psychoanalysis, the patient talks about whatever thoughts come to mind, a process called “free association.”