World War I Flashcards
Nationalism
spirit or aspirations common to the whole of a nation.
Risorgimento
Italian unification, or the Risorgimento, was the political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century.
Young Italy movement
Young Italy (Italian: La Giovane Italia) was a political movement for Italian youth (under age 40) founded in 1831 by Giuseppe Mazzini. Its goal was to create a united Italian republic through promoting a general insurrection in the Italian reactionary states and in the lands occupied by the Austrian Empire.
Giuseppe Mazzini
Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian politician, journalist and activist for the unification of Italy and spearheaded the Italian revolutionary movement.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Giuseppe Garibaldi was an Italian general, politician and nationalist who played a large role in the history of Italy.
Liberal
open to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values.
Unification
the process of being united or made into a whole.
Otto von Bismarck
Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg, known as Otto von Bismarck, was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890.
Kaiser
the German emperor, the emperor of Austria, or the head of the Holy Roman Empire.
The Zollverein
the customs union of German states in the 19th century.
The junkers
a German nobleman or aristocrat, especially a member of the Prussian aristocracy.
Franco-Prussian war
The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire of Napoleon III and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia.
Realpolitik
a system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations.
Czar Alexander
Alexander was the first Russian King of Poland, reigning from 1815 to 1825, as well as the first Russian Grand Duke of Finland. He was sometimes called Alexander the Blessed. He was born in Saint Petersburg to Grand Duke Paul Petrovich, later Emperor Paul I, and succeeded to the throne after his father was murdered.
Emancipation
the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation.
Serfs
an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord’s estate.
Social Democratic Party
The Social Democratic Party of Germany (German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, SPD) is a social-democratic political party in Germany.
Autocrat
a ruler who has absolute power.
Pogroms
an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular that of Jews in Russia or eastern Europe.
Nihilists
a person who believes that life is meaningless and rejects all religious and moral principles.
Duma
a legislative body in the ruling assembly of Russia and of some other republics of the former Soviet Union.
Tanzimat reforms
The Tanzimât, literally meaning reorganization of the Ottoman Empire, was a period of reformation that began in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876.
Dual monarchy
Dual monarchy occurs when two separate kingdoms are ruled by the same monarch, follow the same foreign policy, exist in a customs union with each other and have a combined military but are otherwise self-governing. Wikipedia
Crimean war
The Crimean War was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to March 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia.
