The Cold War

Question 1

Four Asian Tigers

Answer 1

The Four Asian Tigers or Asian Dragons are the highly developed economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. These regions were the first newly industrialized countries.

Question 2

Tiananmen Square Massacre

Answer 2

The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, commonly known in China as the June Fourth Incident, were student-led demonstrations in Beijing in 1989.

Question 3

Devolution

Answer 3

the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to local or regional administration.

Question 4

Ronald Reagan

Answer 4

Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

Question 5

Gorbachev

Answer 5

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev is a former Soviet statesman. He was the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, having been General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, when the party was dissolved.

Question 6

Perestroika

Answer 6

(in the former Soviet Union) the policy or practice of restructuring or reforming the economic and political system. First proposed by Leonid Brezhnev in 1979 and actively promoted by Mikhail Gorbachev, perestroika originally referred to increased automation and labor efficiency, but came to entail greater awareness of economic markets and the ending of central planning.

Question 7

Glasnost

Answer 7

(in the former Soviet Union) the policy or practice of more open consultative government and wider dissemination of information, initiated by leader Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985.

Question 8

Thatcherism

Answer 8

the political and economic policies advocated by the former British Conservative prime minister Margaret Thatcher, particularly those involving the privatization of nationalized industries and trade union legislation.

Question 9

Tony Blair

Answer 9

Anthony Charles Lynton Blair is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007.

Question 10

Yugoslavia

Answer 10

Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast Europe during most of the 20th century. It came into existence after World War I in 1918 under the name of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes by the merger

Question 11

Bosnia

Answer 11

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country on the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe. Its countryside is home to medieval villages, rivers and lakes, plus the craggy Dinaric Alps. National capital Sarajevo has a well preserved old quarter, Baščaršija, with landmarks like 16th-century Gazi Husrev-bey Mosque. Ottoman-era Latin Bridge is the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which ignited World War I.

Question 12

Rwanda

Answer 12

Rwanda is a landlocked East African country with a green, mountainous landscape. Its renowned Volcanoes National Park is home to mountain gorillas and golden monkeys. The park encompasses 4,507m-tall Mt. Karisimbi and 4 other forested volcanoes. In the southwest is Nyungwe National Park, with ancient montane rainforest that’s a habitat for chimpanzees and other primates.

Question 13

Cambodia

Answer 13

Cambodia is a Southeast Asian nation whose landscape spans low-lying plains, the Mekong Delta, mountains and Gulf of Thailand coastline. Phnom Penh, its capital, is home to the art deco Central Market, glittering Royal Palace and the National Museum’s historical and archaeological exhibits. In the country’s northwest are the ruins of Angkor Wat, a massive stone temple complex built during the Khmer Empire.

Question 14

Kosovo

Answer 14

Kosovo is a disputed territory and partially recognised state in Southeastern Europe that declared independence from Serbia in February 2008 as the Republic of Kosovo. Kosovo is landlocked in the central Balkan Peninsula.

Question 15

Weapons of Mass Destruction

Answer 15

A chemical, biological or radioactive weapon capable of causing widespread death and destruction.

Question 16

George W. Bush

Answer 16

George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000.

Question 17

Bill Clinton

Answer 17

William Jefferson Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001.

Question 18

NAFTA

Answer 18

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a treaty entered into by the United States, Canada, and Mexico; it went into effect on January 1, 1994. (Free trade had existed between the U.S. and Canada since 1989; NAFTA broadened that arrangement.)

Question 19

Welfare State

Answer 19

a system whereby the government undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens, especially those in financial or social need, by means of grants, pensions, and other benefits. The foundations for the modern welfare state in the US were laid by the New Deal programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Question 20

Apartheid

Answer 20

segregation on grounds other than race.

Question 21

Nelson Mandela

Answer 21

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.

Question 22

Congolese

Answer 22

relating to the Congo or the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire).

Question 23

Hutu

Answer 23

The Hutu, also known as the Abahutu, are a Bantu ethnic group native to African Great Lakes region of Africa, primarily area now under Burundi and Rwanda.

Question 24

Tutsi

Answer 24

a member of a people forming a minority of the population of Rwanda and Burundi, who formerly dominated the Hutu majority. Historical antagonism between the peoples led in 1994 to large-scale ethnic violence, especially in Rwanda.

Question 25

Kleptocracy

Answer 25

noun, plural kleptocracies. 1. a government or state in which those in power exploit national resources and steal; rule by a thief or thieves.

Question 26

New World Order

Answer 26

The New World Order or NWO is claimed to be an emerging clandestine totalitarian world government by various conspiracy theories.

Question 27

Internet

Answer 27

a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.

Question 28

Soweto uprising

Answer 28

The Soweto uprising was a series of protests led by black school children in South Africa that began on the morning of 16 June 1976.

Question 29

Bantustans

Answer 29

A Bantustan (also known as Bantu homeland, black homeland, black state or simply homeland) was a territory set aside for black inhabitants of South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia), as part of the policy of apartheid.

Question 30

Persian Gulf War

Answer 30

The Gulf War, codenamed Operation Desert Shield for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition

Question 31

Helsinki accords

Answer 31

The Helsinki Final Act was an agreement signed by 35 nations that concluded the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, held in Helsinki, Finland. The multifaceted Act addressed a range of prominent global issues and in so doing had a far-reaching effect on the Cold War and U.S.-Soviet relations.

Question 32

EEC

Answer 32

The European Economic Community was a regional organisation which aimed to bring about economic integration among its member states. It was created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957.

Question 33

EEU

Answer 33

DEFINITION of ‘Eurasian Economic Union (EEU)’ An economic union created in 2014 by a treaty signed by Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus. The union is set to go into effect in 2015.

Question 34

Chaebols

Answer 34

(in South Korea) a large business conglomerate, typically a family-owned one.

Question 35

Corporation

Answer 35

a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.

Question 36

Tokyo Stock Exchange

Answer 36

The Tokyo Stock Exchange (東京証券取引所 Tōkyō Shōken Torihikijo), which is called Tōshō (東証) or TSE/TYO for short, is a stock exchange located in Tokyo, Japan. It is the fourth largest stock exchange in the world by aggregate market capitalization of its listed companies, and largest in East Asia and Asia.

Question 37

Agglomerate

Answer 37

collect or form into a mass or group.

Question 38

Genocide

Answer 38

the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.

Question 39

Deng Xiaoping

Answer 39

Deng Xiaoping was a Chinese revolutionary and statesman. He was the paramount leader of the People’s Republic of China from 1978 until his retirement in 1989.

Question 40

African Union

Answer 40

The African Union is a continental union consisting of all 55 countries on the African continent. It was established on 26 May 2001 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and launched on 9 July 2002 in South Africa, …

Question 41

Free trade

Answer 41

international trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.

Question 42

Third World

Answer 42

the developing countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

Question 43

Maastricht

Answer 43

Maastricht, a university city on the southern tip of the Netherlands, is distinguished by its medieval-era architecture and vibrant cultural scene. In its cobbled old town, is the Gothic-style church Sint Janskerk, and the Romanesque Basilica of St. Servatius houses a significant collection of religious art. On the banks of the Maas River, bisecting the city, lies futuristic-looking Bonnefanten art museum.

Question 44

ECLAC

Answer 44

The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), one of the United Nations’ five regional commissions, was created on February 25, 1948 to contribute to the economic development of Latin America and strengthen economic ties among countries in the region and with other nations of the world.

Question 45

1989 Revolution

Answer 45

The Revolutions of 1989 were part of a revolutionary wave in the late 1980s and early 1990s that resulted in the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe and beyond.

Question 46

Ethnic cleansing

Answer 46

the mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society.

Question 47

Refugee

Answer 47

a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster.