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Humanities > World War 1 - Y9 exam > Flashcards

World War 1 - Y9 exam Flashcards

1
Q

What were the M.A.I.N causes of WW1?

A

Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism

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2
Q

How did Militarism cause WW1?

A
  • A country should maintain a strong army to defend itself
  • The major powers were trying to stay ahead of each other by investing in their army and navy
  • An arms race broke out between Germany and Britain
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3
Q

How did Alliances cause WW1?

A
  • European countries formed alliances
  • Triple Alliance (Central powers
    • Germany
    • Austria-Hungary
    • Italy (claimed to be neutral when A-H declared war)
  • Triple entente
    • France
    • England
      • Russia (joined later, but still before the war)
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4
Q

How did Nationalism cause WW1?

A
  • Extreme loyalty to nation, people and culture
  • Many of the countries in the war had unified recently, so many had a sense of pride about their young country
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5
Q

How did Imperialism cause WW1?

A
  • Expansion of a countries power and influence
  • Colonising other countries by force
  • France, Britain and Germany all had large colonies
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6
Q

What was Australia’s political position at the beginning of WW1?

A
  • Independent, but still part of the British Empire
  • Didn’t make foreign policy decisions
  • Strong ties to Britain - Currency, military and government
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7
Q

What was Australia’s technology at the beginning of WW1?

A
  • Rapid technological expansion
  • Communication and travel became faster
  • Cars started to be on roads
  • News reached Australia quickly
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8
Q

What was Australia’s society at the beginning of WW1?

A
  • Women - excluding Aboriginal - had the right to vote and stand for parliament
  • Fairer working laws
  • Conservative - looked to Britain for as an example
  • Hostile to non-British people
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9
Q

Which countries dominated Europe?

A

Austria - Hungary
Germany
France
Britian
Russia
Ottoman Empire
Serbia
Japan
China

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10
Q

What was Austria-Hungary like before the war?

A
  • Home to Austrians, Bosnians, Croatians, Czechs, Germans, Hungarians, Italians, Poles, Romanians, Russians, Serbians, Slovaks, Slovenians, Ukrainians and Jewish people
  • Large military, lacked technology
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11
Q

What was Germany like before the war?

A
  • Booming industrial economy
  • Broke off ties with traditional ally, Russia
  • Well equipped and trained military and navy
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12
Q

What was France like before the war?

A
  • Democracy
  • Large colonial empire
  • Army concentrated along border with Germany, long time enemy
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13
Q

What was Britain like before the war?

A
  • constitutional monarchy
  • Nearly a quarter of the world colonised by Britain
  • British navy most advanced in the world
  • Concerned by strength of Germany
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14
Q

What was Russia like before the war?

A
  • Ruled by Tsar Nicholas II
  • Large landmass and population made it powerful
  • Underdeveloped economy
  • Large army, badly equipped
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15
Q

What was the Ottoman Empire like before the war?

A
  • Lost most European territories
  • Ruled by Sultan Mehmed V
  • Germany had helped the army modernisation
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16
Q

What was Serbia like before the war?

A
  • Recovering from past wars
  • Tense relationship with Austria-Hungary
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17
Q

What was Japan like before the war?

A
  • Important regional power
  • First Asian nation to defeat a European one in modern history
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18
Q

What was China like before the war?

A
  • Weak
  • Many European countries controlled parts of China
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19
Q

What were the short-term causes of WW1?

A
  • Tensions in the Balkans
  • Crisis
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20
Q

How was Tensions in the Balkans a short-term cause of WW1?

A
  • The Balkans were a place in south-eastern Europe, ruled by many empires
  • Different nationalities started declaring independence through war
    The shot heard around the world:
  • Archduke Franz Ferdinand - heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne
  • Him and his wife Sophie went to Bosnia
  • They were shot and killed by Gavrilo Princip
  • Gavrilo Princip was a Bosnian-Serb nationalist and a member of the black hand
  • This was called the shot heard around the world, and led to a diplomatic crisis
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21
Q

How was crisis a short-term cause of WW1?

A
  • AH blamed Serbia for the assassination
  • Serbia had to obey 10 demand that would embarrass them
  • Serbia did all but one
  • AH declared war on Serbia because of this
  • AH was confident because of Germany’s promise to give them financial aid
  • Russia backed Serbia, its ally
    Within 4 months, every major power in Europe had picked a side
22
Q

When was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand and wife Sophie

A

28 June 1914

23
Q

Why did WW1 become a global war?

A
  • The world became divided between the Allies and Central Powers
  • Colonies forced to fight
    International armies meant units were deployed from all over the world
24
Q

What was Australia’s initial response to the war?

A
  • Initially, Australia considered itself at war with Germany when Britain declared war
  • Australians thought it was the right thing to support ‘Mother England’ in the war
  • Australia offered 20,000 soldiers to the British, which they accepted
25
Q

What were Australia’s reasons of enlisting?

A
  • Strong familial and cultural ties to England
  • Proud of the new nation, wanted to represent it
  • Exciting idea to travel to Europe
  • Social pressure
  • Sports teams signed up together, wanting to share the adventure
26
Q

How was propaganda used in Australia’s response to the war?

A
  • Australia was ‘fighting a war against evil’
  • Poster, pamphlets, newsreels and official speeches were used to make Australia believe the narrative pushed on them
27
Q

Why was World War 1 known as the ‘machine-age war’?

A

War on land
War in the air
War at sea

28
Q

How was war on land used during WW1?

A
  • Automatic machine guns and grenades
  • Shells filled with shrapnel
  • Bomb craters and barbed wire
  • Tanks used - slow and risked getting stuck, but still devastating
    Chemical warfare used
29
Q

How was war in the air used during WW1?

A
  • Airplanes were advanced enough to be used in war
  • By 1915 planes could be used in combat
  • Planes were unreliable and deadly
30
Q

How was war at sea used during WW1?

A
  • Primarily used to transport troops and supplies
  • Naval blockades
  • Submarine warfare used - British had more but Germany had better
31
Q

Where did Australian soldiers serve?

A
  • Rabaul - Papua New Guinea
  • Trained in Egypt
  • Gallipoli
  • Western front
  • Egypt and Palestine
32
Q

How did Australian soldiers serve at Gallipoli?

A

Landing of the Anzacs
A long campaign
Withdrawal

33
Q

What happened when Australian soldiers landed at Gallipoli?

A
  • Landed before dawn 25 April 1915
  • Came under heavy fire from the Turks, who had the high ground
34
Q

Why was Gallipoli a long campaign?

A
  • Fighting went for months
  • High death toll
35
Q

Why did Australia withdraw from Gallipoli?

A
  • November 1915, Allies withdrew
  • 8700 Australians died
  • This was Australia’s ‘baptism of fire’
36
Q

When did the Anzacs land at Gallipoli?

A

25 April 1915

37
Q

How did Australian soldiers serve on the Western Front?

A

Establishment of the Front
Stalemate

38
Q

What was the establisment of the Western Front?

A
  • Many of the bloodiest battles fought here
  • Germany invaded Belgium, but were held off long enough for Allies to mobilise
  • Trenches dug
39
Q

What was the stalemate of the Western Front?

A
  • 40000 kilometres of dug trenches
  • Neither side made much progress
  • Not broken until 1918
40
Q

What was Australia’s First Nations Peoples experience of enlisting?

A
  • Although not having equal rights, many First Nations men enlisted
  • They weren’t allowed to fight for a while, but when soldiers were needed, men who had one parent of European descent could fight
  • Many volunteered to fight for loyalty, even though they weren’t seen as equals
41
Q

What was Australia’s First Nations Peoples experience after the war?

A
  • Returned to life as second class citizens
  • Not invited to Anzac Day marches, couldn’t enter the Returned Serviceman league
  • Contribution gone almost completely unrecognised
42
Q

What were the roles for women on the home front?

A
  • Volunteered for local organisations to help with the war
  • Sent packages to frontlines
  • Could only serve as a nurse
  • Not all women supported the war
43
Q

What were the tasks for children on the home front?

A
  • Daily life changed
  • Preparing goods to send to soldiers
  • Taking on more duties to cover for fathers
  • Enlisting to fight - some lied about their age
  • School inspired patriotism in children
44
Q

What was patriotism like on the home front?

A
  • Many rallies held during the war for patriotism
  • Deaths of soldiers were ‘for the greater good’
  • German soldiers were ‘beasts’
45
Q

What were jobs and money like on the home front?

A
  • Inflation increased
  • Inequality, leading to strikes
46
Q

What was persecution of German-Australians like on the home front?

A
  • 2% of population German-Australians
  • Required to report to local police station weekly
  • Internment camps created for them
  • German language schools were closed
47
Q

How did World War 1 end?

A

Changing allies
Ludendorff Offensive
The Armistice

48
Q

How did changing allies affect the end of WW1?

A
  • Russian Tsar abdicated the throne, Communist party came to power, Russia exited the war
    Major blow for England and France
49
Q

How did The Ludendorff Offensive affect the end of WW1?

A
  • Large German offensive planned - Kaiserschlacht
  • Gamble, Germany lost due to lack of resources and too much confidence
  • Germans lost the war
50
Q

How did The Armistice affect the end of WW1?

A
  • Armistice suggested by General Ludendorff
  • Blamed frontline soldiers
51
Q

When did the Armistice begin?

A

11 November at 11 o’clock

52
Q

Armistice meaning

A

An agreement to lay down arms and stop fighting

Humanities (2 decks)

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