World War 1 - Y9 exam Flashcards
1
Q
What were the M.A.I.N causes of WW1?
A
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
2
Q
How did Militarism cause WW1?
A
- A country should maintain a strong army to defend itself
- The major powers were trying to stay ahead of each other by investing in their army and navy
- An arms race broke out between Germany and Britain
3
Q
How did Alliances cause WW1?
A
- European countries formed alliances
- Triple Alliance (Central powers
- Germany
- Austria-Hungary
- Italy (claimed to be neutral when A-H declared war)
- Triple entente
- France
- England
- Russia (joined later, but still before the war)
4
Q
How did Nationalism cause WW1?
A
- Extreme loyalty to nation, people and culture
- Many of the countries in the war had unified recently, so many had a sense of pride about their young country
5
Q
How did Imperialism cause WW1?
A
- Expansion of a countries power and influence
- Colonising other countries by force
- France, Britain and Germany all had large colonies
6
Q
What was Australia’s political position at the beginning of WW1?
A
- Independent, but still part of the British Empire
- Didn’t make foreign policy decisions
- Strong ties to Britain - Currency, military and government
7
Q
What was Australia’s technology at the beginning of WW1?
A
- Rapid technological expansion
- Communication and travel became faster
- Cars started to be on roads
- News reached Australia quickly
8
Q
What was Australia’s society at the beginning of WW1?
A
- Women - excluding Aboriginal - had the right to vote and stand for parliament
- Fairer working laws
- Conservative - looked to Britain for as an example
- Hostile to non-British people
9
Q
Which countries dominated Europe?
A
Austria - Hungary
Germany
France
Britian
Russia
Ottoman Empire
Serbia
Japan
China
10
Q
What was Austria-Hungary like before the war?
A
- Home to Austrians, Bosnians, Croatians, Czechs, Germans, Hungarians, Italians, Poles, Romanians, Russians, Serbians, Slovaks, Slovenians, Ukrainians and Jewish people
- Large military, lacked technology
11
Q
What was Germany like before the war?
A
- Booming industrial economy
- Broke off ties with traditional ally, Russia
- Well equipped and trained military and navy
12
Q
What was France like before the war?
A
- Democracy
- Large colonial empire
- Army concentrated along border with Germany, long time enemy
13
Q
What was Britain like before the war?
A
- constitutional monarchy
- Nearly a quarter of the world colonised by Britain
- British navy most advanced in the world
- Concerned by strength of Germany
14
Q
What was Russia like before the war?
A
- Ruled by Tsar Nicholas II
- Large landmass and population made it powerful
- Underdeveloped economy
- Large army, badly equipped
15
Q
What was the Ottoman Empire like before the war?
A
- Lost most European territories
- Ruled by Sultan Mehmed V
- Germany had helped the army modernisation
16
Q
What was Serbia like before the war?
A
- Recovering from past wars
- Tense relationship with Austria-Hungary
17
Q
What was Japan like before the war?
A
- Important regional power
- First Asian nation to defeat a European one in modern history
18
Q
What was China like before the war?
A
- Weak
- Many European countries controlled parts of China
19
Q
What were the short-term causes of WW1?
A
- Tensions in the Balkans
- Crisis
20
Q
How was Tensions in the Balkans a short-term cause of WW1?
A
- The Balkans were a place in south-eastern Europe, ruled by many empires
- Different nationalities started declaring independence through war
The shot heard around the world: - Archduke Franz Ferdinand - heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne
- Him and his wife Sophie went to Bosnia
- They were shot and killed by Gavrilo Princip
- Gavrilo Princip was a Bosnian-Serb nationalist and a member of the black hand
- This was called the shot heard around the world, and led to a diplomatic crisis
21
Q
How was crisis a short-term cause of WW1?
A
- AH blamed Serbia for the assassination
- Serbia had to obey 10 demand that would embarrass them
- Serbia did all but one
- AH declared war on Serbia because of this
- AH was confident because of Germany’s promise to give them financial aid
- Russia backed Serbia, its ally
Within 4 months, every major power in Europe had picked a side
22
Q
When was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand and wife Sophie
A
28 June 1914
23
Q
Why did WW1 become a global war?
A
- The world became divided between the Allies and Central Powers
- Colonies forced to fight
International armies meant units were deployed from all over the world
24
Q
What was Australia’s initial response to the war?
A
- Initially, Australia considered itself at war with Germany when Britain declared war
- Australians thought it was the right thing to support ‘Mother England’ in the war
- Australia offered 20,000 soldiers to the British, which they accepted
25
What were Australia's reasons of enlisting?
- Strong familial and cultural ties to England
- Proud of the new nation, wanted to represent it
- Exciting idea to travel to Europe
- Social pressure
- Sports teams signed up together, wanting to share the adventure
26
How was propaganda used in Australia's response to the war?
- Australia was 'fighting a war against evil'
- Poster, pamphlets, newsreels and official speeches were used to make Australia believe the narrative pushed on them
27
Why was World War 1 known as the 'machine-age war'?
War on land
War in the air
War at sea
28
How was war on land used during WW1?
- Automatic machine guns and grenades
- Shells filled with shrapnel
- Bomb craters and barbed wire
- Tanks used - slow and risked getting stuck, but still devastating
Chemical warfare used
29
How was war in the air used during WW1?
- Airplanes were advanced enough to be used in war
- By 1915 planes could be used in combat
- Planes were unreliable and deadly
30
How was war at sea used during WW1?
- Primarily used to transport troops and supplies
- Naval blockades
- Submarine warfare used - British had more but Germany had better
31
Where did Australian soldiers serve?
- Rabaul - Papua New Guinea
- Trained in Egypt
- Gallipoli
- Western front
- Egypt and Palestine
32
How did Australian soldiers serve at Gallipoli?
Landing of the Anzacs
A long campaign
Withdrawal
33
What happened when Australian soldiers landed at Gallipoli?
- Landed before dawn 25 April 1915
- Came under heavy fire from the Turks, who had the high ground
34
Why was Gallipoli a long campaign?
- Fighting went for months
- High death toll
35
Why did Australia withdraw from Gallipoli?
- November 1915, Allies withdrew
- 8700 Australians died
- This was Australia's 'baptism of fire'
36
When did the Anzacs land at Gallipoli?
25 April 1915
37
How did Australian soldiers serve on the Western Front?
Establishment of the Front
Stalemate
38
What was the establisment of the Western Front?
- Many of the bloodiest battles fought here
- Germany invaded Belgium, but were held off long enough for Allies to mobilise
- Trenches dug
39
What was the stalemate of the Western Front?
- 40000 kilometres of dug trenches
- Neither side made much progress
- Not broken until 1918
40
What was Australia's First Nations Peoples experience of enlisting?
- Although not having equal rights, many First Nations men enlisted
- They weren't allowed to fight for a while, but when soldiers were needed, men who had one parent of European descent could fight
- Many volunteered to fight for loyalty, even though they weren't seen as equals
41
What was Australia's First Nations Peoples experience after the war?
- Returned to life as second class citizens
- Not invited to Anzac Day marches, couldn't enter the Returned Serviceman league
- Contribution gone almost completely unrecognised
42
What were the roles for women on the home front?
- Volunteered for local organisations to help with the war
- Sent packages to frontlines
- Could only serve as a nurse
- Not all women supported the war
43
What were the tasks for children on the home front?
- Daily life changed
- Preparing goods to send to soldiers
- Taking on more duties to cover for fathers
- Enlisting to fight - some lied about their age
- School inspired patriotism in children
44
What was patriotism like on the home front?
- Many rallies held during the war for patriotism
- Deaths of soldiers were 'for the greater good'
- German soldiers were 'beasts'
45
What were jobs and money like on the home front?
- Inflation increased
- Inequality, leading to strikes
46
What was persecution of German-Australians like on the home front?
- 2% of population German-Australians
- Required to report to local police station weekly
- Internment camps created for them
- German language schools were closed
47
How did World War 1 end?
Changing allies
Ludendorff Offensive
The Armistice
48
How did changing allies affect the end of WW1?
- Russian Tsar abdicated the throne, Communist party came to power, Russia exited the war
Major blow for England and France
49
How did The Ludendorff Offensive affect the end of WW1?
- Large German offensive planned - Kaiserschlacht
- Gamble, Germany lost due to lack of resources and too much confidence
- Germans lost the war
50
How did The Armistice affect the end of WW1?
- Armistice suggested by General Ludendorff
- Blamed frontline soldiers
51
When did the Armistice begin?
11 November at 11 o'clock
52
Armistice meaning
An agreement to lay down arms and stop fighting
