World War 1

Question 1

Why was the Boer War significant when learning about WW1?

Answer 1

gold was found in South Africa, where Britain had colonies. Britain and other countries wanted that gold and fought for who would get it- resulting in war.

Question 2

What were the causes of WW1 (MAIN)

Answer 2

Militarism
-Industrial Revolution led to advancement of militaries in Europe (new technologies to advance army)
Alliances
-Triple Alliance/ Central Powers (Germany, Italy, Austria Hungary)
-Triple Entente/Allied Powers (Britain, France, Russia)
-growing rivalries among nations in EU led to formation of 2 military alliances
Imperialism
-nations of the EU fought for colonies in Asia, Africa
Nationalism
-within Balkans, intense nationalism of Serbs, Bulgarians led to demand for independence (Slavic people wanted to unify all Slavs but A-H opposed)

Question 3

What was the Western Front (major battles fought there)

Answer 3

Western Front was the main theater where WW1 took place. German Defence Position lined front.
battles: Vimy Ridge, Somme, Ypres, Passchendaele

Question 4

What was the importance of Arch Duke’s assassination?

Answer 4

Assassination led to Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia (the first declaration of war)

Question 5

When did WW1 begin and end?

Answer 5

July 28th, 1914-November 11, 1918

Question 6

Why did Canada fight in WW1?

Answer 6

Britain was Canada’s mother country and had declared war on Germany in order to protect Belgium

Question 7

How did America enter the war?

Answer 7

1915 german U-boat sunk british ocean liner-Lusitania, killing thousands of civilians bringing USA to war (aggressive use of submarines)

Question 8

How did Russia exit the war?

Answer 8

Bolsheviks roveloted and overthrew the government, promised “peace and bread” because supplies running out in Russia (1917). Russia signed treaty with Central Powers to get out of war (March 3 1918).

Question 9

What was the Schlieffen plan? was it successful?

Answer 9

Germany planned to go trough Belgium, bypass Paris and attack France from the rear.
Aug. 12, 1914 GER invaded Belgium (help up by belgium/ BEF army)
GER withdrew troops to defend Eastern Front
GER attack east of Paris (GER army halted on Marne River)

Question 10

What was the Halifax explosion?

Answer 10

1917 shipping vessel with explosive collided with another ship in the Halifax Harbour due to lack of communication. ships exploded and leveled city of Halifax and killed 2000

Question 11

Who was the Prime Minister during WW1?

Answer 11

Sir Robert Borden (1911-1920)

Question 12

Explain 3 horrors of the trenches in WW1.

Answer 12

trench foot, from inches of water in trenches
shell shock
dead bodies littering trenches

Question 13

Why did women receive small amounts of voting rights in WW1?

Answer 13

Military Service Act introduced stating all women who had husbands or sons fighting in war as well as those fighting in war were given the right to vote. Women had contributed greatly to war effort and able to bargain for full suffrage after war.

Question 14

What was one of the deadliest inventions of WW1 and how did soldiers protect themselves from it initially?

Answer 14

chemical warfare

- first used by French in form of Chlorine gas and then most used by Germans. 
- soldiers peed on clothes and wore them around face

Question 15

Why was Vimy Ridge such a great success for Canadians? what advantage was there for controlling Vimy Ridge? What tactics did we use?

Answer 15

Platon System
Communications
Indirect Machine Gun Fire
Artillery Preparations
Creeping Barrage
Good Intelligence
vimy ridge is the birthplace of Canadian Nationhood and plan led by 1st CAN general Arthur Currie
first time colony had won a battle (all previous Allied attempts to capture ridge had failed)
Vimy Ridge was key to german defense system

Question 16

Identify 3 new weapons that were used during WW1. How was each weapon used in the war?

Answer 16

tanks used as transportation and protection from enemy
lightweigth machine guns used to defend against enemy and were able to be used on the move
Fokker Eindecker (aircraft with machine gun)

Question 17

What effects did the war have on Canadian women’s rights?`

Answer 17

before the war, women were seen as property of men and only needed for housework. in 1918 women who had husbands on sons of men in war were given the right to vote because of conscription.

Question 18

What was the War Measures Act? how was it used?

Answer 18

PM Borden relaized to meet demands of war the government needed more control over country’s affairs

• granted gov. with authority to do everything necessary
• striped citizens of civil liberties
• habeas corpus was suspended
• anyone suspected of being of enemy descent to be jailed or deported (8579 immigrants form GER jailed)

Question 19

How could Canadians help pay for the war?

Answer 19

victory bonds (total bond purchases exceeded $2billion)
"temporary" federal income taxes (1916-1917)

Question 20

what is propaganda and how was it used in WW1?

Answer 20

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause. propaganda was used to promote nationalism but also used as weapon to intimidate others, convince justness

Question 21

what kind of arguments did conscription raise in Canada? who supported it and who was against it?

Answer 21

Quebec nationalist Henri Bourassa was an outspoken critic of conscription.
-sending troops would bankrupt CAN
-weaken economy and threaten CAN independence
-bitterly divide the nation
Those of Quebec/ French descent against conscription
British patriots/rest of CAN for conscription

Question 22

What was the Treaty of Versailles and what was its lasting influence?

Answer 22

Signed Juen 28th, 1918 (5 years after Fernidad assassination)
laid out terms of peace between Germany and Allies (US president presented 14 point for “just and lasting peace”)
-Emphasized forgiveness and future int. cooperation
-allied leaders want to shame GER and make them pay

Question 23

how were minority groups treated in Canada before, during and after the war?

Answer 23

after: all those of german descent were imprisoned, women who were filling the jobs of men during war kicked out and jobs given back to men
during: women had to fill the open jobs of men who enlisted, asians and blacks not allowed to enlist and placed in internment camps
before: “chinese head tax”, jews subject to antisemitism in Quebec

Question 24

What was the conscription crisis and its influence?

Answer 24

thousands of canadian soldiers killed or wounded and not enough men availabe to replace them due to essential industries. 1917 Military Service Act introduced and made men except those exempted (disabled, clergy, essential jobs, conscientious objectors) enlist in the Canadian military.