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World War 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What were the causes of WW1?

A

(MANIA)

Militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism, assassination

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2
Q

Militarism?

A

policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war.

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3
Q

Alliances?

A

agreement between nations to aid and protect one another

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4
Q

Nationalism?

A

pride in one’s nation

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5
Q

Imperialism?

A

policy of powerful countries seeking to control the economic and political affairs of weaker countries.

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6
Q

Who was Assassinated?

A

Archduke Ferdinand is assassinated by Gavrila Princip, a member of a terrorist group called the black hand

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7
Q

What was the immediate cause of the war?

A

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

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8
Q

Who declared war on Serbia?

A

Austria-Hungary

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9
Q

Who declared war on Russia and France?

A

Germany

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10
Q

Who declared war on Germany?

A

Britain

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11
Q

What were the two powers?

A

Central and Allied Powers

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12
Q

Central Powers?

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkish Empire

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13
Q

Allied Powers?

A

France, Britain, Russia, Italy

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14
Q

Stalemate?

A

a deadlock in which neither side is strong enough to defeat the other.

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15
Q

What did a German advance and an Allied counterattack only produce?

A

a stalemate

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16
Q

Trench Warfare?

A

soldiers spent day after day shelling the enemy trenches. An attack would begin with hours of heavy artillery fire, then would charge over the trenches.

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17
Q

What was the new weapon in war?

A

chlorine and mustard gas

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18
Q

When war broke out, what did the U.S. government want to do?

A

remain neutral

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19
Q

What happened with public opinion?

A

it divided

most favored Britain.

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20
Q

What did most German Americans favor?

A

the central powers

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21
Q

What did most Irish Americans favor?

A

Central powers

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22
Q

What did many jews favor over?

A

many of them favored Germany over Russia

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23
Q

How did American farmers and manufactures profit?

A

trading with the allies and central powers.

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24
Q

As a neutral nation, what did the U.S. claim to do?

A

have the right to trade with either side

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25
Propaganda?
spreading of ideas that help a cause or hurt an opposing cause
26
U-Boat?
German Submarines
27
What did U-Boats do?
attack merchant ships
28
What did a German U-Boat do on May 7, 1915?
torpedoed the Lusitania, a British passenger ship, off the coast of Ireland.
29
Sussex Pledge?
before attacking any ship, U-Boats would surface and give warning
30
What also brought the U.S. into the war?
the Zimmerman Telegram
31
What did Arthur Zimmerman, Germany's foreign secretary do?
he sent a secret note to the German minister in Mexico
32
Zimmerman Telegram?
instructed the minister to urge Mexico to attack the U.S. if the U.S. declared war on Germany. In return, Germany would help Mexico win back the land it lost in the Southwest.
33
What did President Wilson do when he went before Congress?
asked for a declaration of war
34
What were the reason why the U.S. entered the war?
Unrestricted Submarine warfare by Germany Many Americans favored Britain and France Zimmerman telegram angered Americans American trade with the Allies was growing
35
Selective Service Act?
required men between ages 21-30 to register for the draft
36
Draft?
law required people to serve in the military
37
What did African Americans serve in?
Segregated Units
38
What did citizens do to help during the war?
Planted Victory Gardens, Wheatless Mondays, Wheatless Tuesdays
39
Work Labor Board?
settled disputes over working hours, wages, and prevented strikes.
40
War Industry Board?
told factories what to produce, how much to produce, and what prices to set shared resources.
41
Four Minute Men?
celebrities who gave speeches about making sacrifices for the war
42
Liberty Bonds?
bonds sold by the U.S. government to raise money for war
43
What dis the Bolsheviks do?
seized power from Russia's government
44
Who led the Bolsheviks and what did they do?
led by Vladimir Lenin, he embraced the ideas of Karl Marx.
45
What did Marx believe in?
he believed the workers around the world would unite to overthrow the ruling class.
46
What did Lenin believe in?
war would only benefit the ruling class
47
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
Treaty worked out between Germany and Russia ending Russia's participation in the war.
48
What did Russia do?
gave up large amounts of land to Germany, coal mines and other valuable resources in Russia
49
Who led the American troops into France?
General John J. Pershing
50
What did Pershing want?
American troops to operate as separate units. In the end, Pershing agreed to let some american fight with the British and French
51
What were the Harlem Hell Fighters awarded?
Croix de Guerre (cross of war) by the French. It was their highest military honor
52
Battle of Belleauwood?
raged for three weeks. Marines charged machine gun nests, when one fell another took his place. U.S. suffered great casualties. Marines were called "Devil Dogs" by the Germans
53
Battle of the Argonne Forest?
After 47 days, the Allied Forces were able to break through the German Defense
54
What did Sergeant Alvin York do?
wiped out a nest of German machine gunners. It helped to clear the way for advancing troops.
55
Who else smashed through German lines?
British, French, and Belgian forces
56
Armistice?
agreement to stop fighting
57
What two conditions did Wilson have?
Germany must accept his plan for peace | The German emperor must abdicate- give up power.
58
When did WW1 end?
On the Eleventh day of the eleventh month at the eleventh hour in 1918
59
Fourteen points?
President's wilson's goals for peace after WW1
60
What were two of his goals?
End to secret agreements | freedom of the seas
61
Self-Determination?
the right of national groups to have their own territory and forms of government
62
League of Nations?
General association of nations, it would protect the independence of all countries
63
What did Wilson want with the Treaty of Versailles?
peace without victory, he opposed punishing he defeated powers
64
What did Germany have to accept?
War guilt clause, accept responsibility for the war
65
Reparations?
cash payments for losses that had been suffered
66
What did Germany have to pay?
the Allies reparations
67
Where was Alsace-Lorraine returned to?
return to France
68
What did Germany loose?
they lost it's overseas colonies, which were put under the control of Britain and France
69
What was Germany Unable to do?
build up its military
70
What did the Isolationists oppose?
the League of Nations
71
Henry Cabit Lodge wanted changes in the treaty that would?
Ensure that the U.S. remained independent in the league | Wanted congress to have the power to decide on whether the U.S. would follow League policies
72
What did Lodge and the Isolationists feel?
the league would involve them in another war
73
What did Wilson believe Lodges changes do?
weaken the League
74
Who did not join the League?
The United States

Social Studies 2 (6 decks)

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