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Social Studies 2 > World War 1 > Flashcards

World War 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the causes of WW1?

A

(MANIA)

Militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism, assassination

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2
Q

Militarism?

A

policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war.

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3
Q

Alliances?

A

agreement between nations to aid and protect one another

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4
Q

Nationalism?

A

pride in one’s nation

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5
Q

Imperialism?

A

policy of powerful countries seeking to control the economic and political affairs of weaker countries.

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6
Q

Who was Assassinated?

A

Archduke Ferdinand is assassinated by Gavrila Princip, a member of a terrorist group called the black hand

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7
Q

What was the immediate cause of the war?

A

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

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8
Q

Who declared war on Serbia?

A

Austria-Hungary

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9
Q

Who declared war on Russia and France?

A

Germany

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10
Q

Who declared war on Germany?

A

Britain

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11
Q

What were the two powers?

A

Central and Allied Powers

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12
Q

Central Powers?

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkish Empire

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13
Q

Allied Powers?

A

France, Britain, Russia, Italy

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14
Q

Stalemate?

A

a deadlock in which neither side is strong enough to defeat the other.

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15
Q

What did a German advance and an Allied counterattack only produce?

A

a stalemate

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16
Q

Trench Warfare?

A

soldiers spent day after day shelling the enemy trenches. An attack would begin with hours of heavy artillery fire, then would charge over the trenches.

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17
Q

What was the new weapon in war?

A

chlorine and mustard gas

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18
Q

When war broke out, what did the U.S. government want to do?

A

remain neutral

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19
Q

What happened with public opinion?

A

it divided

most favored Britain.

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20
Q

What did most German Americans favor?

A

the central powers

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21
Q

What did most Irish Americans favor?

A

Central powers

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22
Q

What did many jews favor over?

A

many of them favored Germany over Russia

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23
Q

How did American farmers and manufactures profit?

A

trading with the allies and central powers.

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24
Q

As a neutral nation, what did the U.S. claim to do?

A

have the right to trade with either side

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25
Q

Propaganda?

A

spreading of ideas that help a cause or hurt an opposing cause

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26
Q

U-Boat?

A

German Submarines

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27
Q

What did U-Boats do?

A

attack merchant ships

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28
Q

What did a German U-Boat do on May 7, 1915?

A

torpedoed the Lusitania, a British passenger ship, off the coast of Ireland.

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29
Q

Sussex Pledge?

A

before attacking any ship, U-Boats would surface and give warning

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30
Q

What also brought the U.S. into the war?

A

the Zimmerman Telegram

31
Q

What did Arthur Zimmerman, Germany’s foreign secretary do?

A

he sent a secret note to the German minister in Mexico

32
Q

Zimmerman Telegram?

A

instructed the minister to urge Mexico to attack the U.S. if the U.S. declared war on Germany. In return, Germany would help Mexico win back the land it lost in the Southwest.

33
Q

What did President Wilson do when he went before Congress?

A

asked for a declaration of war

34
Q

What were the reason why the U.S. entered the war?

A

Unrestricted Submarine warfare by Germany
Many Americans favored Britain and France
Zimmerman telegram angered Americans
American trade with the Allies was growing

35
Q

Selective Service Act?

A

required men between ages 21-30 to register for the draft

36
Q

Draft?

A

law required people to serve in the military

37
Q

What did African Americans serve in?

A

Segregated Units

38
Q

What did citizens do to help during the war?

A

Planted Victory Gardens, Wheatless Mondays, Wheatless Tuesdays

39
Q

Work Labor Board?

A

settled disputes over working hours, wages, and prevented strikes.

40
Q

War Industry Board?

A

told factories what to produce, how much to produce, and what prices to set shared resources.

41
Q

Four Minute Men?

A

celebrities who gave speeches about making sacrifices for the war

42
Q

Liberty Bonds?

A

bonds sold by the U.S. government to raise money for war

43
Q

What dis the Bolsheviks do?

A

seized power from Russia’s government

44
Q

Who led the Bolsheviks and what did they do?

A

led by Vladimir Lenin, he embraced the ideas of Karl Marx.

45
Q

What did Marx believe in?

A

he believed the workers around the world would unite to overthrow the ruling class.

46
Q

What did Lenin believe in?

A

war would only benefit the ruling class

47
Q

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

A

Treaty worked out between Germany and Russia ending Russia’s participation in the war.

48
Q

What did Russia do?

A

gave up large amounts of land to Germany, coal mines and other valuable resources in Russia

49
Q

Who led the American troops into France?

A

General John J. Pershing

50
Q

What did Pershing want?

A

American troops to operate as separate units. In the end, Pershing agreed to let some american fight with the British and French

51
Q

What were the Harlem Hell Fighters awarded?

A

Croix de Guerre (cross of war) by the French. It was their highest military honor

52
Q

Battle of Belleauwood?

A

raged for three weeks. Marines charged machine gun nests, when one fell another took his place. U.S. suffered great casualties. Marines were called “Devil Dogs” by the Germans

53
Q

Battle of the Argonne Forest?

A

After 47 days, the Allied Forces were able to break through the German Defense

54
Q

What did Sergeant Alvin York do?

A

wiped out a nest of German machine gunners. It helped to clear the way for advancing troops.

55
Q

Who else smashed through German lines?

A

British, French, and Belgian forces

56
Q

Armistice?

A

agreement to stop fighting

57
Q

What two conditions did Wilson have?

A

Germany must accept his plan for peace

The German emperor must abdicate- give up power.

58
Q

When did WW1 end?

A

On the Eleventh day of the eleventh month at the eleventh hour in 1918

59
Q

Fourteen points?

A

President’s wilson’s goals for peace after WW1

60
Q

What were two of his goals?

A

End to secret agreements

freedom of the seas

61
Q

Self-Determination?

A

the right of national groups to have their own territory and forms of government

62
Q

League of Nations?

A

General association of nations, it would protect the independence of all countries

63
Q

What did Wilson want with the Treaty of Versailles?

A

peace without victory, he opposed punishing he defeated powers

64
Q

What did Germany have to accept?

A

War guilt clause, accept responsibility for the war

65
Q

Reparations?

A

cash payments for losses that had been suffered

66
Q

What did Germany have to pay?

A

the Allies reparations

67
Q

Where was Alsace-Lorraine returned to?

A

return to France

68
Q

What did Germany loose?

A

they lost it’s overseas colonies, which were put under the control of Britain and France

69
Q

What was Germany Unable to do?

A

build up its military

70
Q

What did the Isolationists oppose?

A

the League of Nations

71
Q

Henry Cabit Lodge wanted changes in the treaty that would?

A

Ensure that the U.S. remained independent in the league

Wanted congress to have the power to decide on whether the U.S. would follow League policies

72
Q

What did Lodge and the Isolationists feel?

A

the league would involve them in another war

73
Q

What did Wilson believe Lodges changes do?

A

weaken the League

74
Q

Who did not join the League?

A

The United States

Social Studies 2 (6 decks)

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