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History - year 5 > World War 1 > Flashcards

World War 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Whose assassination started a series of events that led to the start of the 1st World War? What date?

A

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

28 June 1914

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2
Q

What were the people who wanted to get rid of monarchs and democracy called?

A

anarchists

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3
Q

How was the Kaiser of Germany related to King George V of Britain?

A

cousin

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4
Q

Some countries had agreements with each other to provide support of one of them was attacked. what were these agreements called?

A

treaties

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5
Q

Who were Britain’s allies?

A

Russia and France

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6
Q

Who were Germany’s allies?

A

Austria, Hungary, Italy

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7
Q

Name the new royal navy ship

A

Dreadnought

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8
Q

name the six parts of a trench

A
  1. parapet, 2. sandbags, 3. firestep, 4. muddy water, 5. duck boards, 6. dugout
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9
Q

What time did most attacks take place? Why?

A

Dawn. At dawn it was hard to see attackers coming.

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10
Q

What did the soldiers do on Christmas Eve?

A

Sang and played football.

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11
Q

Name some new rules that came into force during World War 1.

A
  1. No gossiping about the war. 2. no flying kites, 3. no lighting bonfires.
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12
Q

What were the posters called that encouraged people to fight?

A

propaganda posters

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13
Q

What flower is used as a symbol for world war 1? Why?

A

poppy because the poppy was the first flower to grow in the battle fields after the war.

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14
Q

What are two other names for World War 1?

A

“The Great War” and “The War to End all Wars”

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15
Q

How many people died in World War 1?

A

Allies: 9.6 million
Germany: 8.0 million

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16
Q

Why did Britain have a small army at the start of the war?

A

It’s main priority had been the navy to defend overseas colonies.

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17
Q

Which person was responsible for recruiting people for the army?

A

Lord Kitchener

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18
Q

How many weeks training did troops get?

A

6 weeks

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19
Q

What was the western front?

A

700km from English Channel to the Swiss Frontier,

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20
Q

Why did so many people die?

A

The new weapons (mines, tanks, poisonous gas, machine guns) were more deadly than old weapons, but commanders used same old tactics.

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21
Q

What was “going over the top”?

A

“Going over the top” was an attack where soldiers climbed out of their trenches and ran full pelt to the enemy trench.

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22
Q

What is “no-man’s land”?

A

No-man’s land is the area between enemy trenches.

23
Q

Describe life in the trenches.

A
  1. getting up 1 hour before dawn to prepare for raids.
  2. cleaning guns
  3. repairing duck boards that kept men’s feet out of water
  4. cleaning toilets
  5. at dusk, preparing for possible raids
  6. at night, laying mines and barbed wire
24
Q

What diseases did men in the trenches suffer from?

A
  1. Trench feet - a fungus that grows on cold/wet feet

2. gangrene - infection in the leg that might lead to amputation

25
Q

What were the casualties on the first day of the battle of the Somme?

A

20,000 killed

60,000 injured.

26
Q

How long had there been powered flight when WW1 started?

A

barely 10 years

27
Q

How did the use of aircraft change during WW1?

A

1) started as reconaissance (spying) and directing artillery fire
2) Then fighter planes to shoot down enemy planes
3) then bombers

28
Q

Name two famous aircraft of WW1?

A

1) The Sopwith camel (it was good beacause it was very agile and could do high speed turns)
2) Fokker (German) climbed rapidly and few well at all altitudes

29
Q

What was a flying ‘Ace’?

A

someone with 10 or more enemy aircraft shoot downs

30
Q

What did pilots wear and why?

A

leather balaclava, leather coat, sheepskin lined gloves and boots (to keep warm). goggles to protect their eyes

31
Q

Name two aces

A

1) Red Baron - Baron Von Richthofen (87)

2) Albert Ball (20)

32
Q

There was only one major sea battle in WW1 - what was it?

A

Battle of Jutland (this battle was inconclusive)

33
Q

What type of boat was most important for Germany?

A

U-boat

34
Q

Which British boats did the German U-boatmainly attack? why?

A

merchant ships to stop food and supplies reaching britain or raising money through trading

35
Q

What painting helped to protect british ships?

A

camouflage - grey, black and blue geometric patterns made it harder for U-Boats to aim torpedoes

36
Q

What was the British navy’s role in WW1

A

To blockade Germany (prevent supplies getting in)

37
Q

How big did the British Government want its navy to be?

A

As big as the size of the next two biggest navies in the world together. “Two-power standard”

38
Q

How did the British Government ensure that everyone got enough basic food to stay healthy?

A

rationing

39
Q

Why did America join the war?

A

sinking of the Lusitania passenger ship

40
Q

What was the agreement called that stopped the WW1 fighting?

A

Armistice (signed 11th hour., 11th day, 11th month 1918)

41
Q

why id the first world war begin?

A

Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a an anarchist Serbian student who thought that by killing him there would be a war between many countries. anarchists thought this because of the many ‘treaties’ between countries which said that if one country was attacked another one had to come and help it.

42
Q

which were the main countries involved in the war?

A

Britain (with support from Empire countries such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand, India), France, Russia and Germany, Hungary , Italy

43
Q

what is propaganda?

A

telling the story from one side only - giving an unrealistic view

44
Q

How was propaganda used in the first world war?

A

trying to get people to sign up for the war by saying that it was fun, your duty, adventurous, regular pay, you are a coward if you don’t fight, the war would be easy

45
Q

who led the recruitment campaign?

A

Lord Kitchener ‘your country needs you’

46
Q

How did men feel as they signed-up?

A

excited, proud, patriotic, expecting the war to be easy and short (over before Christmas)

47
Q

what was not expected by people when the war started? why

A

that it would be so long, difficult and deadly. the war was fought with old tactics - trench warfare, frontal attacks, charges at the enemy. however the equipment was new with machine guns, grenades, shells, tanks, poison gas, mines, aeroplanes, submarines

48
Q

What was the western front?

A

a 700km line from English Channel to Swiss frontier where most of the fighting between Britain and France and Germany took place

49
Q

Describe how the British and German trenches were arranged (draw picture if it helps)

A

Two lines of trenches with No Mans land in between. In No mans land there would be mines, barbed wire and listening posts (hollows near the enemy lines where you would try to listen to enemy plans). On the trenches there would be snipers to shoot anybody putting their head up

50
Q

What was ‘Stand to’

A

‘Stand’ to was when everyone was woken up one hour before dawn

51
Q

what was stalemate?

A

‘stalemate’ was where nether army could break down the enemy lines and make progress

52
Q

What was the initial plan for the Battle of the Somme?

A

The smaller British force would do a diversionary attack to the north whilst the bigger French force would lead the bigger attack at the south

53
Q

What actually happened in the battle of the somme?

A

The French forces had been greatly weakened in the battle of Verdun therefore it became the diversion to the main attack from the British. The British guns bombarded the Germans with 1.7 million shells over 8 days. After this soldiers were sent over the top and no breakthrough was made for 10 weeks. They started using tanks which were better but many of the tanks broke down because they were still a new weapon. In all 1 million people dies for an advance of only 10 km

54
Q

What was poison gas and how was it used?

A

gas was used to kill or blind the enemy. Two of the main gases used were mustard gas an chlorine. These gases caused blistering and blindness and sometimes a horrible slow painful death. For protection soldiers wore gas masks over their mouth and nose (so they didn’t breath it in) and over their eyes because the gas could dissolve in tears and cause blindness

History - year 5 (3 decks)

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