World War 1

Question 1

what were the 4 main causes of ww1?

Answer 1

militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism

Question 2

what is militarism?

Answer 2

competition between the military strength of different countries

Question 3

what is an alliance?

Answer 3

when a country supports another country/promises to come to their aid in the case of an attack

Question 4

what is imperialism?

Answer 4

countries competing for colonies/territory: powerful countries would invade less powerful ones and take over

Question 5

what is nationalism?

Answer 5

all nations wanting to assert their power and independence: no country wants to be under the control of another country

Question 6

who was kaiser wilhelm ii?

Answer 6

he built up the german army and navy, and was determined to make germany a top nation, however, his aggressive foreign policy made other powers distrustful of him

Question 7

who was count berchtold?

Answer 7

the austrian prime minister, the man who decided on the impossible ultimatum for serbia during the july crisis

Question 8

who was bethmann hollweg?

Answer 8

the german prime minister, he gave very strong support to austria during the july crisis

Question 9

who was franz ferdinand?

Answer 9

the archduke, and heir to the austrian throne

Question 10

when and where was franz ferdinand assassinated?

Answer 10

on june 28th, 1914, in sarajevo

Question 11

where was sarajevo?

Answer 11

it was the capital of bosnia, but was conquered by austria

Question 12

who were the black hand group?

Answer 12

a group of slav nationalists in sarajevo that wanted their independence from austria

Question 13

who did the austrians blame for the assassination of franz ferdinand?

Answer 13

the serbians, for supporting terrorists

Question 14

who sent serbia the ultimatum?

Answer 14

germany, because they had an alliance with austria

Question 15

how many terms of the ultimatum did serbia agree to?

Answer 15

all but 2 terms

Question 16

who had an alliance with serbia?

Answer 16

russia

Question 17

why did germany declare war on russia?

Answer 17

because russia didn’t stand down/remove their troops from serbia

Question 18

who did britain have alliances with?

Answer 18

france and russia

Question 19

what was the schlieffen plan?

Answer 19

germany’s military plan to defeat both france and russia

Question 20

what were the steps of the schlieffen plan?

Answer 20

1. they would send a knock out blow aimed at france first
2. they would then invade belgium to avoid french defences

Question 21

what were the germans counting on for the schlieffen plan to work?

Answer 21

the british not intervening with their plan

Question 22

when did the uk sign a treaty to protect belgium?

Answer 22

1838

Question 23

what were some reasons that the uk got involved with the war?

Answer 23

• they had to protect belgium because they had a treaty
• they were scared of germany controlling the channel ports
• if germany defeated france, it would be easy for them to dominate europe, and britain might be next

Question 24

who did uk issue an ultimatum to and for what?

Answer 24

they issued an ultimatum to germany, for them to withdraw their troops from belgium

Question 25

when was war declared?

Answer 25

on august 4th, 1914

Question 26

what was the other name for the allies?

Answer 26

triple entente

Question 27

who were the allies?

Answer 27

britain, france, russia, serbia, belgium

Question 28

what was the other name for the central powers?

Answer 28

allied entente

Question 29

who were the central powers?

Answer 29

germany, austro-hungarian empire, bulgaria, turkish ottoman empire

Question 30

what were the 4 areas that the war was fought?

Answer 30

on land, on sea, under the sea, in the air

Question 31

when did italy swap sides?

Answer 31

may 1915

Question 32

why did italy swap sides?

Answer 32

because the allies promised them land

Question 33

what other countries joined the allies?

Answer 33

greece, portugal, romania, japan, china, brazil, us

Question 34

what were the 5 locations in the world that the war was fought?

Answer 34

the western front, the eastern front, at sea, other european fronts, and in the colonies

Question 35

who fought on the western front?

Answer 35

france and belgium

Question 36

what kind of war was it on the western front?

Answer 36

it was a war of attrition/trench warfare

Question 37

who fought on the eastern front?

Answer 37

germany vs russia

Question 38

who was successful on the eastern front?

Answer 38

germany

Question 39

when and why did russia leave the war?

Answer 39

in november 1917, because of the russian revolution

Question 40

how many russians were killed, wounded, or prisoners of war?

Answer 40

2 million

Question 41

who fought at sea?

Answer 41

germany vs britain

Question 42

why couldn't germany import war materials from sea?

Answer 42

because, in 1914, the british blockaded in the german fleet in their port

Question 43

when and why did the us join the war?

Answer 43

in 1917, because neutral countries were also being attacked

Question 44

who fought on other european fronts?

Answer 44

- italy vs austria - germany/austria vs bulgaria - russia vs turkey - britain, aus, and nz vs turkey (gallipoli)

Question 45

who fought in the colonies in 1914?

Answer 45

- south africa vs german south/west africa - australia vs german new guinea - japan vs german pacific islands

Question 46

who fought in the colonies in 1915?

Answer 46

- turkey's middle eastern colonies - british leaders encouraged arab leaders to revolt against the turks

Question 47

who fought in the colonies in 1916?

Answer 47

germany gave arms to ireland to help them rebel against britain

Question 48

why was australia at war automatically when britain was?

Answer 48

because it was part of the british empire

Question 49

why did so many australians volunteer for war?

Answer 49

- they thought war would be an adventure - they wanted to be seen as heroes/legends - it was an opportunity to travel the world - peer pressure from friends and women - sense of duty/honour to their country/loyalty to the empire - job opportunity for the unemployed - thought war would be over in a few months - wanted to prove their manliness - unaware of the horrors of war - hatred and fear of the germans due to propaganda

Question 50

what does aif stand for?

Answer 50

australian imperial force

Question 51

what does anzac stand for?

Answer 51

australian and new zealand army corp

Question 52

where did australians fight?

Answer 52

- gallipoli (turkey) - the western front (france + belgium) - the middle east (egypt, turkey, greece) - the pacific, atlantic, and indian oceans - the mediterranean and north seas

Question 53

where did the main fighting take place?

Answer 53

the western front

Question 54

how far did the trenches stretch on the western front by 1915?

Answer 54

over 500 km, from the belgian coast through to the swiss alps

Question 55

what kind of war was trench warfare?

Answer 55

a war of attrition (produced no winners, a defensive tactic that led to a continual stalemate)

Question 56

when did the anzacs form?

Answer 56

december 1914

Question 57

where did the anzacs train?

Answer 57

egypt

Question 58

how long did the gallipoli campaign go for?

Answer 58

almost 8 months

Question 59

who fought at gallipoli?

Answer 59

anzacs, british, french, and indian troops

Question 60

what was the overall aim of the gallipoli campaign?

Answer 60

to shorten the war

Question 61

what were some reasons that the british decided to go forward with the gallipoli campaign?

Answer 61

- if turkey was defeated, the austro-hungary empire would be threatened, and the central powers as a whole would be weakened - britain could use the dardanelles to ship supplies to struggling russian troops, who were fighting germany on the eastern front

Question 62

what was the result of the gallipoli campaign?

Answer 62

it was a failure, and the allies lost

Question 63

when did the anzacs land at gallipoli?

Answer 63

april 25th, 1915

Question 64

what happened in the first week at gallipoli?

Answer 64

half the anzacs were killed or wounded, and there were heavy losses on the turkish side as well

Question 65

when was the midday truce between the anzacs and the turks to bury the dead?

Answer 65

18th-19th of may

Question 66

what was the battle lone pine?

Answer 66

a diversion battle so that the anzac, british, and indian troops could capture higher ground

Question 67

what were the losses like at the battle of lone pine?

Answer 67

2300 australians died, 6000 turks died

Question 68

what was the battle of the nek?

Answer 68

another attempt from the anzacs to capture high ground from the turks and divert them

Question 69

what were the losses like at the battle of the nek?

Answer 69

600 australian soldiers were killed by machine guns only a few metres from their own trenches

Question 70

when and how did the anzacs withdraw from gallipoli?

Answer 70

december, 1915, soldiers escaped in ships during a secret evacuation during the night, to not draw attention from the turks