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History 2022 > World War 1 > Flashcards

World War 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what were the 4 main causes of ww1?

A

militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism

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2
Q

what is militarism?

A

competition between the military strength of different countries

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3
Q

what is an alliance?

A

when a country supports another country/promises to come to their aid in the case of an attack

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4
Q

what is imperialism?

A

countries competing for colonies/territory: powerful countries would invade less powerful ones and take over

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5
Q

what is nationalism?

A

all nations wanting to assert their power and independence: no country wants to be under the control of another country

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6
Q

who was kaiser wilhelm ii?

A

he built up the german army and navy, and was determined to make germany a top nation, however, his aggressive foreign policy made other powers distrustful of him

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7
Q

who was count berchtold?

A

the austrian prime minister, the man who decided on the impossible ultimatum for serbia during the july crisis

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8
Q

who was bethmann hollweg?

A

the german prime minister, he gave very strong support to austria during the july crisis

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9
Q

who was franz ferdinand?

A

the archduke, and heir to the austrian throne

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10
Q

when and where was franz ferdinand assassinated?

A

on june 28th, 1914, in sarajevo

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11
Q

where was sarajevo?

A

it was the capital of bosnia, but was conquered by austria

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12
Q

who were the black hand group?

A

a group of slav nationalists in sarajevo that wanted their independence from austria

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13
Q

who did the austrians blame for the assassination of franz ferdinand?

A

the serbians, for supporting terrorists

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14
Q

who sent serbia the ultimatum?

A

germany, because they had an alliance with austria

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15
Q

how many terms of the ultimatum did serbia agree to?

A

all but 2 terms

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16
Q

who had an alliance with serbia?

A

russia

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17
Q

why did germany declare war on russia?

A

because russia didn’t stand down/remove their troops from serbia

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18
Q

who did britain have alliances with?

A

france and russia

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19
Q

what was the schlieffen plan?

A

germany’s military plan to defeat both france and russia

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20
Q

what were the steps of the schlieffen plan?

A
  1. they would send a knock out blow aimed at france first
  2. they would then invade belgium to avoid french defences
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21
Q

what were the germans counting on for the schlieffen plan to work?

A

the british not intervening with their plan

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22
Q

when did the uk sign a treaty to protect belgium?

A

1838

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23
Q

what were some reasons that the uk got involved with the war?

A
  • they had to protect belgium because they had a treaty
  • they were scared of germany controlling the channel ports
  • if germany defeated france, it would be easy for them to dominate europe, and britain might be next
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24
Q

who did uk issue an ultimatum to and for what?

A

they issued an ultimatum to germany, for them to withdraw their troops from belgium

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25
Q

when was war declared?

A

on august 4th, 1914

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26
Q

what was the other name for the allies?

A

triple entente

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27
Q

who were the allies?

A

britain, france, russia, serbia, belgium

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28
Q

what was the other name for the central powers?

A

allied entente

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29
Q

who were the central powers?

A

germany, austro-hungarian empire, bulgaria, turkish ottoman empire

30
Q

what were the 4 areas that the war was fought?

A

on land, on sea, under the sea, in the air

31
Q

when did italy swap sides?

A

may 1915

32
Q

why did italy swap sides?

A

because the allies promised them land

33
Q

what other countries joined the allies?

A

greece, portugal, romania, japan, china, brazil, us

34
Q

what were the 5 locations in the world that the war was fought?

A

the western front, the eastern front, at sea, other european fronts, and in the colonies

35
Q

who fought on the western front?

A

france and belgium

36
Q

what kind of war was it on the western front?

A

it was a war of attrition/trench warfare

37
Q

who fought on the eastern front?

A

germany vs russia

38
Q

who was successful on the eastern front?

A

germany

39
Q

when and why did russia leave the war?

A

in november 1917, because of the russian revolution

40
Q

how many russians were killed, wounded, or prisoners of war?

A

2 million

41
Q

who fought at sea?

A

germany vs britain

42
Q

why couldn’t germany import war materials from sea?

A

because, in 1914, the british blockaded in the german fleet in their port

43
Q

when and why did the us join the war?

A

in 1917, because neutral countries were also being attacked

44
Q

who fought on other european fronts?

A
  • italy vs austria
  • germany/austria vs bulgaria
  • russia vs turkey
  • britain, aus, and nz vs turkey (gallipoli)
45
Q

who fought in the colonies in 1914?

A
  • south africa vs german south/west africa
  • australia vs german new guinea
  • japan vs german pacific islands
46
Q

who fought in the colonies in 1915?

A
  • turkey’s middle eastern colonies
  • british leaders encouraged arab leaders to revolt against the turks
47
Q

who fought in the colonies in 1916?

A

germany gave arms to ireland to help them rebel against britain

48
Q

why was australia at war automatically when britain was?

A

because it was part of the british empire

49
Q

why did so many australians volunteer for war?

A
  • they thought war would be an adventure
  • they wanted to be seen as heroes/legends
  • it was an opportunity to travel the world
  • peer pressure from friends and women
  • sense of duty/honour to their country/loyalty to the empire
  • job opportunity for the unemployed
  • thought war would be over in a few months
  • wanted to prove their manliness
  • unaware of the horrors of war
  • hatred and fear of the germans due to propaganda
50
Q

what does aif stand for?

A

australian imperial force

51
Q

what does anzac stand for?

A

australian and new zealand army corp

52
Q

where did australians fight?

A
  • gallipoli (turkey)
  • the western front (france + belgium)
  • the middle east (egypt, turkey, greece)
  • the pacific, atlantic, and indian oceans
  • the mediterranean and north seas
53
Q

where did the main fighting take place?

A

the western front

54
Q

how far did the trenches stretch on the western front by 1915?

A

over 500 km, from the belgian coast through to the swiss alps

55
Q

what kind of war was trench warfare?

A

a war of attrition (produced no winners, a defensive tactic that led to a continual stalemate)

56
Q

when did the anzacs form?

A

december 1914

57
Q

where did the anzacs train?

A

egypt

58
Q

how long did the gallipoli campaign go for?

A

almost 8 months

59
Q

who fought at gallipoli?

A

anzacs, british, french, and indian troops

60
Q

what was the overall aim of the gallipoli campaign?

A

to shorten the war

61
Q

what were some reasons that the british decided to go forward with the gallipoli campaign?

A
  • if turkey was defeated, the austro-hungary empire would be threatened, and the central powers as a whole would be weakened
  • britain could use the dardanelles to ship supplies to struggling russian troops, who were fighting germany on the eastern front
62
Q

what was the result of the gallipoli campaign?

A

it was a failure, and the allies lost

63
Q

when did the anzacs land at gallipoli?

A

april 25th, 1915

64
Q

what happened in the first week at gallipoli?

A

half the anzacs were killed or wounded, and there were heavy losses on the turkish side as well

65
Q

when was the midday truce between the anzacs and the turks to bury the dead?

A

18th-19th of may

66
Q

what was the battle lone pine?

A

a diversion battle so that the anzac, british, and indian troops could capture higher ground

67
Q

what were the losses like at the battle of lone pine?

A

2300 australians died, 6000 turks died

68
Q

what was the battle of the nek?

A

another attempt from the anzacs to capture high ground from the turks and divert them

69
Q

what were the losses like at the battle of the nek?

A

600 australian soldiers were killed by machine guns only a few metres from their own trenches

70
Q

when and how did the anzacs withdraw from gallipoli?

A

december, 1915, soldiers escaped in ships during a secret evacuation during the night, to not draw attention from the turks

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