World War 1

Question 1

Long term cause

Answer 1

Factors / causes which happen a long time before an event takes place.

Question 2

Short term cause

Answer 2

Factors / causes which happen just before an event takes place – usually a catalyst

Question 3

Militarism

Answer 3

An emphasis on military ideals and strength. Wanting your country to have a strong army and navy. This leads to a development of an arms race.

Question 4

Alliances

Answer 4

A group of countries who promise to support and protect each other. Rival groups have rival alliances.

Question 5

Imperialism

Answer 5

The desire to conquer colonies, especially in Africa, to create an empire.

Question 6

Nationalism

Answer 6

Great pride in your country and the belief that it country is or should be better than others. This made nations assertive and aggressive

Question 7

Sarajevo

Answer 7

Capital city of Bosnia, where Franz Ferdinand was assassinated.

Question 8

Assassination

Answer 8

The murder of an important person, usually for political reasons

Question 9

Conscription

Answer 9

When a country makes it compulsory for a person to join the army.

Question 10

Pals Battalions

Answer 10

Groups of British men who enlisted together in a local area. They were often family or friends (a ‘pal’ is an old fashioned term for friend).

Question 11

Trench

Answer 11

A long narrow ditch that men fought in during WW1

Question 12

No Man’s Land

Answer 12

A piece of ground between the trenches of two opposing armies that belonged to neither side

Question 13

Conscientious Objector

Answer 13

A person who refuses to join the army and objects to the war for moral reasons.

Question 14

1839

Answer 14

Britain signs the Treaty of London, agreeing to protect Belgium

Question 15

1882

Answer 15

Germany, Austria- Hungary and Italy form the Triple Alliance

Question 16

1907

Answer 16

Britain, France and Russia form the Triple Entente

Question 17

28th June 1914

Answer 17

Franz Ferdinand is assassinated in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip

Question 18

3rd August 1914

Answer 18

Germany begin implementing the Schlieffen Plan which was a plan to attack France by invading and taking troops through Belgium.

Question 19

4th August 1914

Answer 19

Britain declares war on Germany. WW1 officially begins

Question 20

24th December 1914

Answer 20

The Christmas Truce

Question 21

January 1916

Answer 21

Conscription introduced in Britain.

Question 22

1st July 1916

Answer 22

The first day of the Battle of the Somme

Question 23

April 1917

Answer 23

America join the allies (Britain, France and Russia) in the First World War

Question 24

December 1917

Answer 24

Russia surrenders and leaves the war

Question 25

11th November 1918

Answer 25

Germany surrenders. Britain, France and USA win WW1

Question 26

1919

Answer 26

Germany sign the Treaty of Versailles.

Question 27

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Answer 27

The emperor of Germany. He wanted to make Germany an important country in the world

Question 28

Franz Ferdinand

Answer 28

The heir to the throne of Austria Hungary. He wanted to make changes to improve the lives of Bosnian people who had suffered for centuries as part of the Austro- Hungarian empire

Question 29

Gavrilo Princip

Answer 29

The assassin who shot Franz Ferdinand

Question 30

The Black Hand Gang

Answer 30

A Serbian terrorist organisation who wished to assassinate Franz Ferdinand and free Bosnian Serbs from the Austro- Hungarian empire

Question 31

Lord Kitchener

Answer 31

Appointed Secretary of State for War in 1914. He predicted that the war would last a long time and realized the importance of having many volunteers to help fight the war. He called for 100,000 more men to volunteer preferably by Christmas 1914.

Question 32

Why was there tension in Europe before 1914?

Answer 32

Countries in Europe were in competition with one another for land and military power. Countries built up their armies and weapons (called an ‘arms race’) and Germany and Britain in particular were in competition to build as many Dreadnaught battleships as possible (this is called a ‘naval race’- a building up of the navy). The alliances also caused tension as Europe became divided into rival groups

Question 33

Why did the Black Hand Gang want to assassinate Franz Ferdinand?

Answer 33

Franz Ferdinand was part of the Hapsburg family of Austria- Hungary. This family had ruled over a big empire for centuries which included countries such as Bosnia, where many Serbian people lived and were mistreated by the Hapsburgs. By 1914 Serbia wanted to free and unite all Serbs into one empire. The Black Hand Gang, were sent to Bosnia to assassinate Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophia, using weapons from Serbia to do it.

Question 34

Why did trench warfare come about?

Answer 34

The Great War was fought mainly in Europe. The areas where the armies fought each other were called fronts. The longest was the Western Front (in Belgium and France) where French, Belgian and British soldiers tried to stop the Germans advancing to the coastline of northern France. As it became very dangerous above ground both sides dug trenches. This led to a stalemate because it was almost impossible to attack another trench. This was mainly because it was incredibly difficult for troops to cross no mans land and reach the enemy trench without being shot. To enable the soldier to get across No man’s land without being shot, the army developed new technologies such as artillery, gas and tanks.

Question 35

What happened at the

Somme?

Answer 35

The British army wanted to attack the Germans at the River Somme (France) to help France and divide the German army, who were fighting the French at Verdun. The British bombed the German trenches for a week before the main attack, but the German army had dug their trenches deep and the bombs had little effect. When the British troops went ‘over the top’ to capture the German trenches, they were gunned down with 19,240 British soldiers losing their lives. The British used the tank for the first time in this battle, but they often broke down in No Man’s Land. The battle continued for 141 days with over a million German, British and French troops dead or injured in total. Historians are divided about who is to blame for one of the bloodiest battles of the war.

Question 36

What was fighting like during the First World War?

Answer 36

Fighting mostly took place on the battlefield where there were trench systems. These were made up of front line trench, a support trench and a reserve trench. Trenches were often dug deep into the ground in a zig-zag shape and topped with barbed wire to protect the soldiers. Conditions in the trenches were bad; soldiers would have to eat food rations, get lice or get diseases such as trench foot. Fighting also took place at sea with huge battle ships and submarines as countries tried to destroy each others’ supplies. New technology was used in the war such as tanks and planes (which were used to spy on enemy positions), but they were often unreliable.

Question 37

What can shell shock do?

Answer 37

Deafened you

Question 38

Trenches - Description

Answer 38

came into widespread use in 1914 and we’re useful for protection against firepower.

Question 39

When was the tank invented?

Answer 39

1915 - looked intimidating and can be used as a shield

Question 40

How many men volunteered to help Britain?

Answer 40

Over 8.5million

Question 41

1917?

Answer 41

People of Russia rebelled against leaders and stopped fighting the Germans. Civilians then strategy roots in streets - German troops exaughsted. Countries on German’s side begin to surrender.

Question 42

Battle of Somme

Answer 42

Started on 1st of July 1916 and ended on 18th November 1916 (5 months). 57000+Casualties on first day (British army) and over 1million by the end of it.