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philosophy > world views midterm definition > Flashcards

world views midterm definition Flashcards

1
Q

metanoia

A

getting above the mind, the transformation of the perspective, repent and looking at things differently

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2
Q

future contingents

A

facts that could be or could fail to be , we don’t know yet ex the sun will rise tomorrow

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3
Q

divine foreknowledge

A

god knows in advance what is going to happen in the future but from his point of view, its not necessarily the future

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4
Q

imago dei

A

the image of god, ex the humans made in the image of god

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5
Q

first cause

A

god is the origin of the universe, he is the beginning of the series

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6
Q

omnipotent

A

all powerful

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7
Q

Manichaeism

A

a variety made of several religions, the melding together of religions

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8
Q

cognitive theme vs counter theme

A

cognitive theme is the view of the world that is prioritized ( time linear) and the counter theme is the view not prioritized (time goes in a circle)

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9
Q

timaeus

A

platonic dialogue on the creation of the universe

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10
Q

divine simplicity

A

idea that god is a single simple thing, he is one. there are no parts or distinct features to god

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11
Q

omniscience

A

all knowing

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12
Q

evil as privation

A

evil is not something as itself but the deprivation of something you should have ex absence of the rectitude of will leads to sin

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13
Q

the world/logos

A

God
Logos: word spoken by God through christ

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14
Q

typology

A

Study of the relationships between different things in the bible (old and new testament) Read the old through the new

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15
Q

syncretism

A

Syncretism is the process of combining different beliefs, practices, or cultures into a new, cohesive system. ex: manichaeism, christianity sort of). sometimes generates tension.

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16
Q

via negativa/ via affirmativa

A

ways to access god’s nature
negativa: deny things he is not ex: god doesn’t have … (finding what he is by saying what he is not)
affirmativa: characteristics he has. ex: god is a spirit

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17
Q

etic vs emic analysis

A

outsiders approach with your own knowledge

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18
Q

wheel of fortune

A

seen in boethius. over course of your life you are ascending and descending depending on what exterior factors affect you

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19
Q

hyperousias

A

superessence, a being transcendent to being, beyond everything god

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20
Q

apophatic/negative theology ***

A

attempt to get to whatever the divine would be without giving it definite characteristics

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21
Q

perfectibility

A

idea that says that there is no limit to how good you can be

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22
Q

holism

A

a view that the whole is more than the sum of its parts. a view that a system cannot be understood by only its characteristics isolated

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23
Q

onthological argument

A

Anselm’s second attempt to prove god existence from the fact that its impossible to think of something greater

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24
Q

essence

A

the thing that is/ the nature of the thing

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25
Q

prédestination

A

everything that happens was meant to happen, god knew it and made it happen

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26
Q

epistemology

A

study of knowledge

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27
Q

demiurge

A

plato sees god as a craftsmen, not really the stature of the christian god

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28
Q

fall of man

A

loss of rectitude and descent into sin, Adam in the garden of Adam and Eve

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29
Q

ex nihilo nihil

A

nothing comes from nothing, a view that contrasts with go making the world from nothing

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30
Q

comptemptus mundi

A

competent of the world , neoplatonism, take an attitude of rejection on the physical world

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31
Q

perfection

A

god’s attributes, sometimes problematic

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32
Q

ego sum qui sum

A

i am that I am (what god answered Moses) goes back to divine simplicity god being one entity

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33
Q

anachronism**

A

interpret something that makes no sense giving the period you are in ex a painting from 1500 with someone with a cellphone

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34
Q

pelagianism

A

heresy, belief that there is no original sin because Jesus said to be perfect so people should also be able to be perfect

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35
Q

pantheism

A

god is the same thing as nature, we are aspects of god. everything is a manifestation of the divine

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36
Q

everlasting

A

always been there and will always be there, has a future

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37
Q

credo quia absurdum

A

I believe because it is absurd, stop trusting yourself and trust god

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38
Q

neo platonism

A

spiritual and material reality blending plato, stoics and Aristotles views. emphasizes the existence of a single ultimate source of reality

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39
Q

synchronic/diachronic

A

synchronic: Synchronic analysis examines a phenomenon at a specific point in time, without considering historical context or changes over time.
diachronic: Diachronic analysis, in contrast, studies the evolution and changes of a phenomenon over time.

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40
Q

equivocation

A

fallacy of using the same word in two different ways with two different meanings. leads to confusion and or misinterpretation. undermines clarity of an argument

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41
Q

city of god

A

community that has caritas, that loves god more than themselves

42
Q

materialism

A

there are no spiritual minds, only matter and physical stuff.

43
Q

unmoved mover

A

Aristotle, way to talk about God. First Cause. World is continuous movement, God is what makes everything move. He does not move

44
Q

temporal vs ontological

A

temporal: Temporal relates to time. It encompasses concepts, events, and entities that exist within the framework of time and are subject to temporal change or progression.
ontological: Ontological pertains to the nature of being, existence, and reality. It explores what kinds of entities exist and the nature of those entities. God is not necessarily before us, but the ground

45
Q

anthropomorphism

A

the attribution of human characteristics or behavior to a god, animal, or object. example of god sitting on a cloud

46
Q

chain of being

A

reality being organized in a hierarchic way

47
Q

determinism

A

idea that comes out of free will. means that everything happens happens as it does because it is predetermined

48
Q

participation

A

the participation of material things in the form of nature

49
Q

necessity vs contingency

A

necessity are the things that must be and contingency are the things that could be

50
Q

orthodoxy

A

correct opinion that goes with the official view of the church

51
Q

ethnocentrism

A

putting your culture at the center of your understanding

52
Q

christian universalism/universal salvation

A

everything goes back to god even if it did bad things, the soul is purished slowly. Suggests towards god love and mercy that extends to everyone whoever they are and whatever they have done

53
Q

sea battle ****

A

The basic premise is as follows: Imagine a situation where a ship is sailing in the sea, and there is a battle occurring. A philosopher might ask whether it is possible to know in advance whether there will be a battle at sea tomorrow. If it can be determined that there will or won’t be a battle, this raises questions about free will—specifically, whether people have the ability to make choices that affect future events, or if those events are predetermined

54
Q

revelation

A

a direct communication from god

55
Q

will

A

human faculty of choice. power to choose, choices we make.

56
Q

priority

A

the order of importance, existence, or causation among entities, ideas, or principles.

57
Q

substance

A

the fundamental essence or nature of something that underlies its properties and characteristics. Substance as distinguished from his accidents.

58
Q

paradox

A

opinion you need ti accept but contradicts something else you want to say. no obvious way out

59
Q

heresy

A

any view in a religious context that is rejected

60
Q

humanism

A

humans having a certain goodness, optimism of christianity

61
Q

donatism **

A

an orthodox view that god doesn’t depend on the goodness of the bread. the sacrements are pure anyways

62
Q

spontaneity

A

something that flows directly out of your nature, actions and events occur without external cause or premeditation

63
Q

caritas vs cupiditas

A

caritas: love towards god and charity/generosity aimed at god
cupiditas; selfish love

64
Q

millenarianism

A

the world goes through a fundamental transition every 1000 years

65
Q

weltanschauung

A

world view. original concept, direct translation. how people see the world

66
Q

theology

A

Theology is the study of the nature of God, religious beliefs, and the practice of faith. It seeks to understand, interpret, and explain the divine and its relationship with humanity, the world, and existence as a whole. Starting point is faith.

67
Q

compatibilism

A

free will is compatible with the fact that everything is predetermined

68
Q

saving remnant

A

god is taking only a small amount of people and not the majority (Noah’s ark)

69
Q

fideism

A

faith is prior to reason, hostility towards reason

70
Q

prevenient grace

A

grace that god gives you in order to convert you. refers to the grace of god that precedes human action and enables individuals to respond to gods call for salvation

71
Q

slave to sin

A

because of Adam sinning in the garden of eden, we have lost rectitude and are now slaves to sin

72
Q

predication

A

logical relationship, all men are mortals

73
Q

theodicy ***

A

justice of god

74
Q

eternal

A

timeless, temporal order has clear limits with a beginning and an end

75
Q

active vs passive intellect

A
76
Q

anchorite vs ?

A

hermit person who removed from society for religious reasons. you’re like dead to the world
(live in prison cell attached to church)

77
Q

antropocentrism

A

human centered, world centered around humanity, world and universe created for humans

78
Q

antinomiaism

A

anti law
ifea that once we know that were saved/justified by faith, you’re not justified by law
after you’re saved, law does not apply to you. doesn’t matter what you do because you’re saved anyways

79
Q

arianism

A

correct interpretation of trinity is only one god with three creations. god has a dual nature

80
Q

ascetisism

A

practice of self denial meant to purify the soul

81
Q

atonement

A

reconciliation of you and god

82
Q

blasphemy

A

speech or action that shows comptent or lack of competition for god

83
Q

christendom

A

kingdom, territory ruled by christianity, christian world, places were its dominant

84
Q

christology

A

study of christ within theology

85
Q

consubstantiality

A

christ consubstantial with father and spirit, share substance

86
Q

cosmopolitism

A

seeing the whole universe as on single entity, unit

87
Q

demonstration

A

-comes out of Aristotle philosophy
-deductions that give you scientific knowledge
-syllogism that issue scientific knowledge

88
Q

ens necessarium

A

the necessary being (god). must exist

all the things are contingent in the sense that they could fail to be true so not ens necessarium

89
Q

essence vs existence

A

essence what the nature of the being is
existence if it truly exist
ex unicorns: can describe the nature of a unicorn but doesn’t show it exists
can draw this distinction to contingent beings

90
Q

filioque ??

A

from the son. spirit comes out of the father and the son.

91
Q

final cause

A

the end that explains the thing. the function. the master cause
ex the final cause of the chair is sitting

92
Q

godhead

A

the divine essence

93
Q

haecceity

A

thisniss. the determining factor that makes an individual distinct and individual

94
Q

hair shirt

A

ascetic instrument. used in self denial, self mortification. separate yourself from pleasure

95
Q

hylomorphism

A

aristotles view of what it is to be a substance, a composite form of matter. the idea that everything we encounter is composed of matter

96
Q

imitation dei

A

an imitation of god

97
Q

intellectual substance

A

does not have a body, matter and form

98
Q

intercession

A

prayers that ask someone to intervene on your behalf, to get gods power on your side

99
Q

limbo ??

A

the outer edge of hell,

100
Q

messiah

A

the anointed one. christ

101
Q

mysticism

A

the attempt to unify with the divine

philosophy (3 decks)

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