World History Semester Test

Question 1

Bolsheviks

Answer 1

Faction led by Lenin advocating for socialist revolution

Question 2

Mensheviks

Answer 2

Faction advocating for moderate approach to socialism

Question 3

Soviet

Answer 3

Council representing workers, soldiers, and peasants during Russian Revolution

Question 4

Vladimir Lenin

Answer 4

Leader of Bolshevik Party and first head of Soviet state

Question 5

Russo-Japanese War

Answer 5

Conflict between Russia and Japan resulting in Russia’s defeat

Question 6

Red Army

Answer 6

Military force established by Bolsheviks during Russian Civil War

Question 7

White Army

Answer 7

Collective term for anti-Bolshevik forces during Russian Civil War

Question 8

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Answer 8

Treaty between Bolshevik Russia and Central Powers, resulting in Russia’s withdrawal from WWI

Question 9

Collectivization

Answer 9

Stalin’s policy of consolidating individual farms into collective farms

Question 10

New Economic Policy (NEP)

Answer 10

Lenin’s economic policy allowing limited private enterprise

Question 11

Imperialism

Answer 11

Policy of extending a nation’s power through diplomacy or force

Question 12

Colonialism

Answer 12

Establishment and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another

Question 13

Sphere of Influence

Answer 13

Area where a foreign country has significant economic and political control

Question 14

Annexation

Answer 14

Formal incorporation of a territory into another

Question 15

Protectorate

Answer 15

State or territory protected and partially controlled by a more powerful nation

Question 16

Nationalism

Answer 16

Strong sense of pride and devotion to one’s nation or state

Question 17

Mercantilism

Answer 17

Economic policy aiming to maximize a nation’s wealth and power

Question 18

Cultural Assimilation

Answer 18

Process by which a minority group adopts the customs and culture of the dominant culture

Question 19

Opium Wars

Answer 19

Conflicts between China and Britain over the opium trade

Question 20

Berlin Conference

Answer 20

Meeting where European powers partitioned Africa

Question 21

White Man’s Burden

Answer 21

Belief in duty of Westerners to civilize non-Western societies

Question 22

Sepoy Mutiny

Answer 22

Rebellion in India against British East India Company’s rule

Question 23

Boer War

Answer 23

Conflict in South Africa between British forces and Boer settlers

Question 24

Gunboat Diplomacy

Answer 24

Use of military force to influence other nations’ policies

Question 25

Decolonization

Answer 25

Process of former colonies gaining independence from imperial powers

Question 26

What are the three main motivations behind Imperialism?

Answer 26

Economic Gain, Political power and prestige, culture and ideological factors.

Question 27

Types of Imperialism: Sphere of Influence

Answer 27

A sphere of influence is an area where a foreign country has significant economic and political control without formal annexation.

Question 28

Types of Imperialism: Colonialism

Answer 28

Colonialism is the establishment, maintenance, acquisition, and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another.

Question 29

Types of Imperialism: Protectorate

Answer 29

A protectorate is a state or territory that is protected and partially controlled by a more powerful nation

Question 30

Describe Russia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries:

Answer 30

Russia was a vast empire ruled by an autocratic monarchy (The Romanov dynasty) with a predominatley agrarian economy alongside a growing industrial sector.

Question 31

Social Structure and Discontent in Russia

Answer 31

The social structure included an oppressed peasantry, an emerging working class facing poor conditions, and discontent among various social groups due to inequality and autocratic rule.

Question 32

Events leading to Russian Revolution: Russo-Japanese War

Answer 32

Russia’s defeat in the Russo-Japanese War led to internal unrest, economic strain, and a loss of confidence in the government

Question 33

Events leading to the Russian Revolution: Bloody Sunday (1905)

Answer 33

Bloody Sunday refers to a peaceful protest that turned violent when Imperial Guards fired on demonstrators, sparking widespread strikes and uprisings across Russia.

Question 34

Bolsheviks vs Mensheviks:

Answer 34

Bolsheviks advocated for a more radical approach to revolution, favoring a small, disciplined party, while Mensheviks were more moderate, supporting broader coalition and gradual change.

Question 35

Aftermath and Impact: Civil War

Answer 35

The Russian Civil War (1917-1922) between the Bolshevik “Reds” and their opponents, the “Whites” resulted in the Bolsheviks’ victory and the establishment of the Soviet Union.

Question 36

Aftermath and Impact: Formation of the Soviet Union

Answer 36

The Bolsheviks’ victory led to the establishment of the Soviet Union and the implementation of socialist policies.