Honors Bio Semester test Flashcards
The atomic number of an element is defined by the:
Number of protons
Phosphorus, atomic number 15 and atomic mass 30.9 contains:
15 protons, 15 neutrons, and 15 electrons
Carbon is found in all macromolecules that compose a living organism on earth. Which statement is not true?
A.) Carbon has 4 unpaired electrons in its outermost shell
B.) Carbon atoms can form single, double, and triple covalent bonds
C.) Carbon atoms can act as intersections within macromolecules
D.) All compounds that contain carbon are called organic molecules
D.) All compounds that contain carbon are called organic molecules. Organic molecules have to contain Carbon, Hydrogen, AND Oxygen
In your bloodstream, carbon dioxide can react with water to form carbonic acid
CO2 +H2O = H2CO3
Which statement is correct? I’m not writing them because most of those options are silly. Flip the card for the answer
CO2 and H2O are reactants and H2CO3 is referred to as the product.
Salt is a combination of sodium atoms and chlorine atoms. How is salt not deadly to you when its two components are individually harmful to you? I will never fully understand why but they become ions for some reason. it makes an ICONIC bond #dynamicduo
When a sodium atom gives an electron to a chlorine atom, each atom becomes an ion allowing for an ionic bond to occur and the resulting ionic compound is non-lethal.
Changing structure, changing function
Chemistry has many different levels of structure and terminology. Which of the following chemical terms includes all the other terms?
A.) Molecules
B.) Element
C.) Atom
D.) Polymer
Molecules
A carbon atom shares electrons with two oxygen atoms to form carbon dioxide. This type of bonding is best described as:
Covalent
The reactions of two monomers becoming a resulting polymer, as seen in the graphic below, is classified as what type of chemical reaction?
Dehydration Synthesis
ATP is the energy-containing molecule most often used by cells of living organisms to power cellular activities. Energy is released from ATP molecules when:
A phosphate group is removed by hydrolysis from an ATP molecule
Which was the control group in Becky’s control group in this experiment? (Yes its the one you think it is)
A.) 0%
B.) 25%
C.) 50%
D.) 100%
A.) 0%
The movement of water upward from the roots to the stems, and then to the leaves, is due to what two properties of water?
Cohesion of water molecules through hydrogen bonds and adhesion of water molecules to the xylem of plants.
Describe the term Optimally
The term optimally describes the environmental conditions that best allow enzymes to work.
What are enzymes classified as?
Proteins
Describe the term “Denature”
Denature is to destroy or break apart proteins.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are used for short term energy storage
Lipids
Lipids are fats used for long term energy storage
Nucleic Acids
Carry genetic information for DNA and RNA
Proteins
Builds and repairs muscles, creates enzymes as well as hormones.
Why are water molecules said to be polar?
hydrogen is slightly positively charged while oxygen is slightly negatively charged which makes it :･ﾟ✧:･ﾟ✧polar:･ﾟ✧:･ﾟ✧
What kind of bonds do water molecules have?
Water molecules have hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and covalent bonds between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
Water is the Universal Solvent
Water being the universal solvent means that it is capable of dissolving more substances than any other liquid. This is important for plants because water helps plants prepare their food through photosynthesis.
Cohesion
Water is cohesive. This means that water likes to stick to itself, which is important because it helps plants take water at their roots.
Water is less dense as a solid.
This means that the molecules are more spread out in solid form. This is important for marine life to #thrive underneath the ice in the cold.
Who proved that DNA was genetic material and NOT proteins?
Hershey and Chase
Adenine and Guanine are…. (smaller word, bigger thing)
Purines
Cytosine and Thymine are… (larger word, smaller thing)
Pyrimidines
What bonds hold the two sides together and twist DNA into the double helix shape?
Hydrogen bonds
DNA is best described as…
Semiconservative strands that run antiparallel to one another
You have a cut on your skin. Cells must grow and reproduce to repair this cut. What phase of the cell cycle helps create more DNA strands?
S (that means synthesis. synthesis= slay)
The process of making a complete copy of an entire length of DNA
DNA Replication
An organism has been found to create more DNA molecules within a short amount of time allowing this organism to repair scarred/damaged tissue at a much higher rate than humans. What enzyme would allow this process to happen at a faster rate.
DNA Polymerase
The cell theory is one of the fundamental theories in Biology. Which of the following is not a statement from the Cell Theory?
A.) The cell is the basic functional unit of life
B.) All cells come from pre-existing cells
C.) Cells may grow to an unlimited size
D.) All living organisms are made from cells
Cells may grow to an unlimited size. That’s silly. We can’t even see them under a microscope. How would them being an unlimited size even make sense?
Organelles play various roles within eukaryotic cells, such as helping with protein production or structural integrity. Which organelle contains DNA and is responsible for producing ATP when oxygen is available within the cell?
The mitochondria are the energy producing organelles associated with ATP synthesis.
Proteins can be produced by cells and then exported out of the cell to aid in cell communication. Examples of this are hormones. Hormones are examples of ligands, communication molecules, between cells that can trigger a signal transduction response. Which structures and organelles would play a role in protein synthesis of these protein hormone molecules?
Ribosomes, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, and Golgi Apparatus
Animal cells do not have protective cell walls as plant cells do because they need to be able to move or to be flexible. They do have protective structures that help to protect them from environmental stresses. Which statement below best identifies and explains the structures that animal cells possess?
The extracellular matrix protects the outer membrane surface; whereas, the cytoskeleton provides internal support and structure extracellular matrix protects the outer membrane surface; whereas, the cytoskeleton provides internal support and structure to the cell.ure to the cell.
The smallest, simplest collection of matter that exhibits traits of life is…
A cell
The correct hierarchy: memorize it
molecule-cell-tissue-organ-organism
What is NOT a correct microscope procedure?
adjusting the amount of light passing through a specimen using the fine adjustment and coarse adjustment knobs
How do you identify a prokaryotic cell? (Pro means NO)
cell wall, flagella, and chloroplasts
Which plant cell structure contains water, wastes, and toxic substances?
Vacuole
Which is surrounded by a double membrane, contains several chromosomes, RNA, and ribosomal RNA?
Mitochondria
Which organelle digests materials that have been engulfed by cells?
Lysosomes (They’re like bleach)
Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures through which insulin passes from its production to its exit from the cell.
Rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane.
