World History Sem1 Exam Flashcards
7 features of civilization:
governmentcomplex religionjob specializationsocial classesarts + architecturewritingpublic works
What do the first 4 civilizations have in common?
they were all on major rivers
What are the basic beliefs of Judaism?
monotheisticTorahAbrahamOld Testament + 10 Commandments
What are the basic beliefs of Hinduism?
polytheisticVedasBrahmanreincarnationkarma
Define polytheism:
believing in multiple gods
Define monotheism:
believing in one god
Define democracy:
a gov’t for the people by the people
Who invented democracy?
the Athenians
How did the Roman Republic fall?
people were fighting for power
What were some of the accomplishments/achievements of the Romans?
the Colosseumaqueductsbathsweaponslifelike sculptureswater fountainsJulian calendar
What was the Pax Romana?
a period of peace in Rome
What are the basic beliefs of Christianity?
JesusmonotheisticBible + Old & New Testament +10 Commandments
How/why do empires rise?
strong armies + good leadershipeg. Macedonia
How/why do empires fall?
too big
What is feudalism?
social + economic system of the middle ages
What was the manor system?
lordvassalknightserf
What caused the Black Plague?
fleas on rats
What was the role of the church in peoples’ daily lives during the Middle Ages?
people looked to the church for answers/guidance
What caused The Crusades?
Muslims took over Jerusalem+ treated Christians badly
What were the long-term effects of The Crusades?
opened up people’s minds to new lands & ideas
What was the Magna Carta?
no one is above the law
What was the Great Schism?
the split between the Roman Catholic and Byzantine Churches in 1054
What are the basic beliefs of Islam?
MuhammadmonotheisticQuranAllah5 Pillars
How were the Muslim Empires different from the Medieval Empires?
Muslim Empires treated the people they took over fairly
What was the purpose of the Trans-Saharan Trade Route?
to spread Islamexchange goods
What was the Renaissance?
time in Europe after the Middle Ages with new interest in learning, art, & achievements
How was the Renaissance different from the Middle Ages?
artlearning
What was the impact of the printing press?
more books producedmore access to books
How did the Catholic Church abuse its power?
offered indulgences
Who was Martin Luther?
Lutheranism95 Theses
What was Martin Luther upset about?
indulgencescorruption in the Church
What are the major differences between the Catholic and Protestant religions?
Protestants could read & interpret the BibleProtestant clergy could marry
How did the Catholic Church react to the Protestant Reformation?
exocommunication
How did the Catholic Church respond to the Scientific Method?
prosecutionexocommunication
What were the reasons for exploration?
wanted direct route to the spices & products from the East
What is capitalism?
economic system in which the means of production are privately owned & operated for profit
What is mercantilism?
policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold & silver
What was the purpose of the Triangular Trade?
to trade slaves & goods
What was the purpose of the Line of Demarcation?
divided the non-European zones controlled by Spain and Portugal
How did Europeans so easily conquer Native Americans?
the diseases they broughtsuperior technology
What is absolutism?
a ruling family with full power & control
Who were the Huguenots?
French Protestants
What did the Edict of Nantes do?
granted Huguenots religious tolerance
Define autocrat:
dictator without divine right
Define divine right:
right to rule from god
Define oligarchy:
ruled by multiple people
Define limited monarchy:
monarch is limited by a group of people
Which 2 religious groups were in conflict in Europe throughout much of the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration?
Christians & Muslims
