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Physical Science Q2 Exam Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

Machines decrease the amount of energy that is needed to do work. T/F?

A

false

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2
Q

Because of friction, using machines increases the amount of energy that is needed to do work. T/F?

A

true

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3
Q

What is the difference between work and power?

A

work = force applied through a distancepower = the rate at which work is done

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4
Q

What is the unit for work?

A

joules

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5
Q

What is the unit for power?

A

watts

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6
Q

What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?

A

potential energy is stored energykinetic energy is energy of motion

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7
Q

Gravitational potential energy depends on the _______?

A

height

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8
Q

Sound waves are compression/transverse waves.

A

compression

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9
Q

The frequency of a sound wave determines:

A

pitch

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10
Q

How loud a sound is depends on:

A

amplitude

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11
Q

Define resonance:

A

the reinforcing of an object’s natural frequency so that the amplitude increases quickly–or–when the vibration of one object causes another to vibrate at natural frequencies

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12
Q

A sonar system measures distance by determining the…

A

time it takes for sound waves to be reflected from a surface

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13
Q

The color of light is determined by the _______ of the light waves.

A

frequency

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14
Q

Which type of electromagnetic wave has the greatest wavelength?

A

radio waves

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15
Q

When light rays reflect off a rough surface, they…

A

scatter in many different directions

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16
Q

An image that results from an apparent path of light rays is called

A

virtual

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17
Q

Light rays that pass through a lens change direction because…

A

they are refracted

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18
Q

There is a repulsive force between two charged objects when…

A

they have the same charge

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19
Q

There is an attractive force between two charged objects when

A

they are opposites

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20
Q

When there is an equal amount of positive or negative charges on an object, the object is…

A

neutral

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21
Q

When a glass rod is rubbed with silk and becomes positively charged, …

A

the silk becomes negatively charged

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22
Q

The electric force between charged objects is…

A

proportional to size & inversely proportional to distance

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23
Q

Electric force varies depending on the…

A

charge & distance

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24
Q

Current is the rate at which charges move through a(n):

A

conductor

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25
The unit of resistance is:
ohms
26
Whether or not charges will move in a material depends partly on how tightly _____ are held in the atoms of the material.
electrons
27
Appliances connected so that they form a single pathway for charges to flow are connected in a(n):
series circuit
28
A device that protects a circuit from current overload is called a(n):
fuse
29
What is energy?
the ability to do work
30
What is work?
force applied through a distance
31
What is the formula for work?
w = Fd
32
What is the unit for work?
joules
33
What 2 things will affect the amount of work done?
force & distance
34
What is power?
the rate at which work is done
35
What is the formula for power?
p = w/t
36
What is the unit for power?
watts
37
What are the different forms of energy?
thermalchemicalnuclearsoundlightmechanical (kinetic & potential)electrical
38
What is the law of conservation of energy?
energy cannot be created or destroyed
39
Energy transformations:Boy eating an apple then walking to work.
chemical -> mechanical
40
Energy transformations:Gasoline in your car used to drive.
chemical -> mechanical
41
Energy transformations:Turning on a light.
electrical -> light
42
Energy transformations:Hair dryer being turned on.
electrical -> thermal
43
If 2 people collide the amount of energy before the collision is more/less/the same as after the collision.
the same
44
The amount of potential energy at the top of a roller coaster hill is slightly larger than the kinetic energy at the bottom of the hill. Why is this?
some energy is lost as heat because of friction
45
What is kinetic energy?
energy of motion
46
What is the formula for kinetic energy?
ke = 1/2(m)v^2
47
What is the unit for kinetic energy?
joules
48
What is potential energy?
stored energy
49
What is the formula for potential energy?
pe = mgh
50
What is the unit for potential energy?
joules
51
What is a medium?
the material through which a wave travels
52
Electromagnetic waves are fastest in what medium?
vaccums
53
What type of wave is a sound wave?
longitudinal/compression
54
Do light waves have mass?
NO
55
Do sound waves have mass?
NO
56
What type of wave is a light wave?
transverse
57
What type of waves are electromagnetic waves?
radiomicroinfraredvisible lightultravioletxraygamma
58
What is the formula for wave speed, wavelength, and frequency?
V = λf
59
What is the unit for wave speed?
m/s
60
What is the unit for wavelength?
m(eters)
61
What is the unit for frequency?
h(ert)z
62
What is it called when a wave bends as it goes from one medium to another?
refraction
63
Order the electromagnetic spectrum from longest to shortest wavelength.
radiomicroinfraredvisible lightultravioletxraygamma
64
What electromagnetic wave has the least energy?
radio
65
What electromagnetic wave has the most energy?
gamma
66
What is the difference between period and frequency?
period - time for one cyclefrequency - cycles in one second
67
What is the formula for period?
p = 1/f
68
What is the formula for frequency?
f = 1/p
69
What is the unit for period?
seconds
70
What type of EM radiation is used to fight cancer?
gamma rays
71
What type of waves do ultrasounds use?
sound waves
72
What type of wave is harmful to our skin but also beneficial in small amounts?
ultraviolet
73
What is the Doppler effect?
the increase in the frequency of sound or light as the source and observer get closer to each other
74
Will sound intensity increase or decrease as you move closer to the noise?
increase
75
What is an echo?
reflected sound
76
What is reflection?
when a wave bounces off a hard boundary
77
Why do see lightning before we hear thunder?
light travels faster than sound
78
What is current?
moving electrons/charge
79
What is voltage?
how much work a battery can dopushes electricity through a circuit
80
What is resistance?
slows down the flow of electricity
81
What is the formula for current, voltage, and resistance?
I = V/R
82
What is the unit for current?
amps
83
What is the unit for voltage?
volts
84
What is static electricity?
a buildup of charge on an object
85
What is absorption?
a wave's energy dies out in a soft material
86
What is damping?
the process of harmonic motion losing amplitude over time
87
What is a phase?
a particular part of a cycle
88
Define in-phase:
when 2 waves are at the same part of their cycles
89
Define out-of-phase:
when 2 waves are at different parts of their cycles
90
What is constructive interference?
when 2 waves combine to create a larger wave with greater amplitude
91
What is destructive interference?
when 2 waves combine to create a smaller wave with smaller amplitude
92
What is diffraction?
when a wave bends around a corner
93
What is refraction?
when a wave bends when entering a transparent boundary
94
What is natural frequency?
the frequency at which an object vibrates at when disturbed
95
A light wave's brightness is determined by:
amplitude
96
Define infrasonic:
a sound too low to hear
97
Define ultrasonic:
sound too high to hear
98
Define supersonic:
motion faster than sound
99
What is a sonic boom?
caused by an object breaking the sound barrier
100
What is Coulomb's law?
the force between 2 charged particles varies directly as the product of the magnitude of their charges and inversely as the square of the distance between them
101
What is the formula for calculating the electric attraction between two things?
f= kq1q2/d^2(f - forcek - proportionality constantq - charged - distance)

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