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ZZZZ > Physical Science Q2 Exam > Flashcards

Physical Science Q2 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Machines decrease the amount of energy that is needed to do work. T/F?

A

false

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2
Q

Because of friction, using machines increases the amount of energy that is needed to do work. T/F?

A

true

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3
Q

What is the difference between work and power?

A

work = force applied through a distancepower = the rate at which work is done

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4
Q

What is the unit for work?

A

joules

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5
Q

What is the unit for power?

A

watts

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6
Q

What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?

A

potential energy is stored energykinetic energy is energy of motion

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7
Q

Gravitational potential energy depends on the _______?

A

height

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8
Q

Sound waves are compression/transverse waves.

A

compression

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9
Q

The frequency of a sound wave determines:

A

pitch

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10
Q

How loud a sound is depends on:

A

amplitude

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11
Q

Define resonance:

A

the reinforcing of an object’s natural frequency so that the amplitude increases quickly–or–when the vibration of one object causes another to vibrate at natural frequencies

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12
Q

A sonar system measures distance by determining the…

A

time it takes for sound waves to be reflected from a surface

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13
Q

The color of light is determined by the _______ of the light waves.

A

frequency

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14
Q

Which type of electromagnetic wave has the greatest wavelength?

A

radio waves

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15
Q

When light rays reflect off a rough surface, they…

A

scatter in many different directions

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16
Q

An image that results from an apparent path of light rays is called

A

virtual

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17
Q

Light rays that pass through a lens change direction because…

A

they are refracted

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18
Q

There is a repulsive force between two charged objects when…

A

they have the same charge

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19
Q

There is an attractive force between two charged objects when

A

they are opposites

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20
Q

When there is an equal amount of positive or negative charges on an object, the object is…

A

neutral

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21
Q

When a glass rod is rubbed with silk and becomes positively charged, …

A

the silk becomes negatively charged

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22
Q

The electric force between charged objects is…

A

proportional to size & inversely proportional to distance

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23
Q

Electric force varies depending on the…

A

charge & distance

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24
Q

Current is the rate at which charges move through a(n):

A

conductor

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25
Q

The unit of resistance is:

A

ohms

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26
Q

Whether or not charges will move in a material depends partly on how tightly _____ are held in the atoms of the material.

A

electrons

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27
Q

Appliances connected so that they form a single pathway for charges to flow are connected in a(n):

A

series circuit

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28
Q

A device that protects a circuit from current overload is called a(n):

A

fuse

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29
Q

What is energy?

A

the ability to do work

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30
Q

What is work?

A

force applied through a distance

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31
Q

What is the formula for work?

A

w = Fd

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32
Q

What is the unit for work?

A

joules

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33
Q

What 2 things will affect the amount of work done?

A

force & distance

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34
Q

What is power?

A

the rate at which work is done

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35
Q

What is the formula for power?

A

p = w/t

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36
Q

What is the unit for power?

A

watts

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37
Q

What are the different forms of energy?

A

thermalchemicalnuclearsoundlightmechanical (kinetic & potential)electrical

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38
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed

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39
Q

Energy transformations:Boy eating an apple then walking to work.

A

chemical -> mechanical

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40
Q

Energy transformations:Gasoline in your car used to drive.

A

chemical -> mechanical

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41
Q

Energy transformations:Turning on a light.

A

electrical -> light

42
Q

Energy transformations:Hair dryer being turned on.

A

electrical -> thermal

43
Q

If 2 people collide the amount of energy before the collision is more/less/the same as after the collision.

A

the same

44
Q

The amount of potential energy at the top of a roller coaster hill is slightly larger than the kinetic energy at the bottom of the hill. Why is this?

A

some energy is lost as heat because of friction

45
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

energy of motion

46
Q

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

A

ke = 1/2(m)v^2

47
Q

What is the unit for kinetic energy?

A

joules

48
Q

What is potential energy?

A

stored energy

49
Q

What is the formula for potential energy?

A

pe = mgh

50
Q

What is the unit for potential energy?

A

joules

51
Q

What is a medium?

A

the material through which a wave travels

52
Q

Electromagnetic waves are fastest in what medium?

A

vaccums

53
Q

What type of wave is a sound wave?

A

longitudinal/compression

54
Q

Do light waves have mass?

A

NO

55
Q

Do sound waves have mass?

A

NO

56
Q

What type of wave is a light wave?

A

transverse

57
Q

What type of waves are electromagnetic waves?

A

radiomicroinfraredvisible lightultravioletxraygamma

58
Q

What is the formula for wave speed, wavelength, and frequency?

A

V = λf

59
Q

What is the unit for wave speed?

A

m/s

60
Q

What is the unit for wavelength?

A

m(eters)

61
Q

What is the unit for frequency?

A

h(ert)z

62
Q

What is it called when a wave bends as it goes from one medium to another?

A

refraction

63
Q

Order the electromagnetic spectrum from longest to shortest wavelength.

A

radiomicroinfraredvisible lightultravioletxraygamma

64
Q

What electromagnetic wave has the least energy?

A

radio

65
Q

What electromagnetic wave has the most energy?

A

gamma

66
Q

What is the difference between period and frequency?

A

period - time for one cyclefrequency - cycles in one second

67
Q

What is the formula for period?

A

p = 1/f

68
Q

What is the formula for frequency?

A

f = 1/p

69
Q

What is the unit for period?

A

seconds

70
Q

What type of EM radiation is used to fight cancer?

A

gamma rays

71
Q

What type of waves do ultrasounds use?

A

sound waves

72
Q

What type of wave is harmful to our skin but also beneficial in small amounts?

A

ultraviolet

73
Q

What is the Doppler effect?

A

the increase in the frequency of sound or light as the source and observer get closer to each other

74
Q

Will sound intensity increase or decrease as you move closer to the noise?

A

increase

75
Q

What is an echo?

A

reflected sound

76
Q

What is reflection?

A

when a wave bounces off a hard boundary

77
Q

Why do see lightning before we hear thunder?

A

light travels faster than sound

78
Q

What is current?

A

moving electrons/charge

79
Q

What is voltage?

A

how much work a battery can dopushes electricity through a circuit

80
Q

What is resistance?

A

slows down the flow of electricity

81
Q

What is the formula for current, voltage, and resistance?

A

I = V/R

82
Q

What is the unit for current?

A

amps

83
Q

What is the unit for voltage?

A

volts

84
Q

What is static electricity?

A

a buildup of charge on an object

85
Q

What is absorption?

A

a wave’s energy dies out in a soft material

86
Q

What is damping?

A

the process of harmonic motion losing amplitude over time

87
Q

What is a phase?

A

a particular part of a cycle

88
Q

Define in-phase:

A

when 2 waves are at the same part of their cycles

89
Q

Define out-of-phase:

A

when 2 waves are at different parts of their cycles

90
Q

What is constructive interference?

A

when 2 waves combine to create a larger wave with greater amplitude

91
Q

What is destructive interference?

A

when 2 waves combine to create a smaller wave with smaller amplitude

92
Q

What is diffraction?

A

when a wave bends around a corner

93
Q

What is refraction?

A

when a wave bends when entering a transparent boundary

94
Q

What is natural frequency?

A

the frequency at which an object vibrates at when disturbed

95
Q

A light wave’s brightness is determined by:

A

amplitude

96
Q

Define infrasonic:

A

a sound too low to hear

97
Q

Define ultrasonic:

A

sound too high to hear

98
Q

Define supersonic:

A

motion faster than sound

99
Q

What is a sonic boom?

A

caused by an object breaking the sound barrier

100
Q

What is Coulomb’s law?

A

the force between 2 charged particles varies directly as the product of the magnitude of their charges and inversely as the square of the distance between them

101
Q

What is the formula for calculating the electric attraction between two things?

A

f= kq1q2/d^2(f - forcek - proportionality constantq - charged - distance)

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