World History MS

Question 1

Question: Some of this empire’s ruins were found in 1911 by Hiram Bingham. One ruler of this empire fought a civil war with his half-brother Huascar (whas-car). That ruler was captured at the battle of Cajamarca (ka-ha-mar-ka), and he was named Atahualpa (Ata·hual·pa). This empire had its capital at (*) Cuzco, and famous ruins from this empire can be found at Machu Picchu in Peru. For 10 points, name this South American empire that was conquered by Francisco Pizarro.

Answer 1

Inca Empire [or Tawantinsuyu]

Question 2

Question: One folk hero from this nation killed policemen at Stringybark Creek; that man is “Ned” Kelly. Oneinsurrection in this nation stripped William Bligh of his governorship; that insurrection is the RumRebellion. The “Stolen Generations” are children taken by the government of this nation from theAborigines. For 10 points, identify this nation where Arthur Phillip established a penal colony for theBritish Empire.

Answer 2

Commonwealth of Australia

Question 3

Question: This man described a ruler who kept ten thousand white horses, whose milk was fermented to make koumiss. This man also described the efficient empire-wide postal system and the paper currency used by the Yuan dynasty. He was imprisoned by (*) Genoa upon returning to his home city, and his stories were collected in the book Il Milione. For ten points, name this Venetian who met Kublai Khan during his travels on the Silk Road to China.

Answer 3

Marco Polo

Question 4

Question: The first president of this country instituted “Harambee,” a community-building strategy. Dedan Kimathi led an uprising in the 1950s that sought to reclaim Kikuyu land from European colonists. The (*) Mau Mau Rebellion challenged British rule of, for ten points, what African country with capital Nairobi, first led by Jomo Kenyatta?

Answer 4

Republic of Kenya

Question 5

Question: At the Battle of Kirina, Sumanguru (SOO-man-GOO-roo) was defeated by the founder of this empire,Sundiata Keita. Another of this empire’s rulers had the Sankore (SAN-koh-REH) mosque built inTimbuktu and caused a dramatic decrease in the price of gold by giving away vast amounts of the metalon his hajj to Mecca. For 10 points, identify this West African empire once ruled by Mansa Musa.

Answer 5

Mali Empire

Question 6

Question: At the beginning of this country’s fight for independence, Carlos Manuel de Céspedes freed his slaves, andthey fought together in the Ten Years’ War. Its Revolt of the Sergeants was reversed by the 26th of JulyMovement, which ended the rule of Fulgencio Batista. Che Guevara helped move this Caribbean country to(*) Communism in 1959. For 10 points, name this nation that has been led by Raul and Fidel Castro.

Answer 6

Cuba

Question 7

Question: In 1969, this man seized power in a bloodless coup by overthrowing King Idris (EE-dreese). This author of The Green Book handed over the Lockerbie bombers after being visited by Nelson Mandela. After protests against this man’s rule began, a rebel government was established in the city of Benghazi (ben-GAH-zee). In the town of Sirte (SEERT), this man was killed alongside his son Mutassim in 2011. For 10 points, name this former leader of Libya.

Answer 7

Muammar al-Gaddafi [or Muammar al-Qaddafi; or various other transliterations (accept anything pronounced close to “gah-DAH-fee” or “kah-DAH-fee”)]

Question 8

Question: Monks in this country accidentally altered the dangerous confluence of three rivers when they built the Leshan Buddha. A tomb containing a mercury river and an army of (*) Terracotta soldiers honors this country’s emperor Qin Shi Huangdi, who began building this nation’s defense against the Huns. For ten points, name this nation, home to a Great Wall.

Answer 8

People’s Republic of China (accept Middle Kingdom; accept Zhongguo)

Question 9

Question: This man’s family was kicked out of the Borjigin clan after his father Yesugei was poisoned. After this leader came to power, he created the Yassa legal code, and this man and his son are credited for building up Karakorum and defeating the Khwarezmian Empire. Because one of his sons, Jochi, was poisoned, his successor was another son, Ogedei. (*) For 10 points, identify this founder of the Mongol Empire and grandfather of Kublai Khan.

Answer 9

Genghis Khan [accept Temujin; prompt on Khan]

Question 10

Question: This figure ordered the Goliad Massacre, and he was severely injured by French cannon fire atVeracruz during the Pastry War. The Treaties of Velasco were signed following this leader’s capture afterthe Battle of San Jacinto, and he was responsible for the deaths of Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett. For 10points, name this self-styled “Napoleon of the West,” a Mexican general infamous for his attempt to seizethe Alamo.

Answer 10

Antonio López de Santa Anna [prompt on Napoleon of the West before it is read]

Question 11

Question: This man’s reign included an attempt by young officers to assassinate corrupt government officials; thatevent is known as the “February 26th Incident”. He ordered the invasion of Manchuria and his general,Hideki Tojo, attempted suicide and was arrested for war crimes shortly after the bombings of Hiroshimaand Nagasaki. For 10 points, name this Japanese Emperor who ruled throughout World War II.

Answer 11

Emperor Hirohito [accept Emperor Showa; accept the Showa Emperor; prompt on Prince Michi]

Question 12

Question: The Darien Scheme was an attempt by Scotland to create another structure similar to this entity. The Hay-Bunau Varilla (HAY BOO-now vah-REE-yuh) Treaty allowed the United States to begin constructing this entity. A zone around it was returned from the U.S. to its namesake country by a treatysigned by Jimmy Carter. For 10 points, name this waterway that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through a Central American country.

Answer 12

Panama Canal [or Canal de Panama]

Question 13

Question: This country fought France in the 1838 Pastry War, during which a general from this country lost his leg, then had it buried with military honors. That injury occurred during a failed raid on the occupied fort city of (*) Veracruz in this country. For ten points, name this country which celebrates an 1865 victory against the French at Puebla on Cinco de Mayo, and which was often led in battle by Santa Anna.

Answer 13

Mexico (accept United Mexican States or Estados Unidos Mexicanos)

Question 14

Question: This civilization’s spiritual rituals were recorded in the Chilam Balam manuscripts and were based on a 260-day cycle that was extended by the Long Count system. A demon named Seven Macaw is defeated by Hunahpu and Xbalanque, the Hero Twins, as told by this culture’s (*) Popul Vuh. For ten points, name this Mesoamerican culture whose calendar did not actually predict a 2012 apocalypse and which built the Temple of Kukulcan at Chichen Itza.

Answer 14

Mayan civilization (culture, etc.)

Question 15

Question: The four quarters of this person’s residence were each dedicated to a different god. This ruler’s forceswere nearly done in by enemy chariots when crossing the Orontes at the Battle of Kadesh. This son ofSeti I built several complexes, including a tomb in the Valley of the Queens for his wife Nefertari. For 10points, name this nineteenth dynasty Egyptian pharaoh, known as “Ozymandias” in Greek.

Answer 15

Ramses II [accept Ramses the Great or Rameses II, prompt on Ramses; prompt on Ozymandias before mentioned]

Question 16

Question: The first prime minister of this country gave a speech outlining the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence that formed a basis for a treaty with China, and he also gave the “Tryst with Destiny” speech. Another prime minister was assassinated by her bodyguards in 1984 soon after approving an attack on the Golden Temple in Amritsar. (*) For 10 points name this country once headed by Jawaharlal Nehru that disputes the status of Kashmir with Pakistan.

Answer 16

Republic of India [accept Bhārat Gaṇarājya]

Question 17

Question: A group of texts found in these buildings at Saqqara describe a king hunting and eating the gods. Graduating sizes of mastabas were used by Imhotep to create Djoser’s (*) “stepped” one of these buildings, and three of these structures belonging to Menkaure, Khafre, and Khufu were built near Giza. For ten points, name these enormous structures used to bury Egyptian Pharaohs.

Answer 17

Egyptian pyramids

Question 18

Question: Description acceptable. This 1997 event revoked a perpetual lease established by the 1842 Treaty of Nanjing. Like a similar event involving Portugal, this event was made possible by the development of “one country, two systems” theory, which blends socialist policies with capitalism in (*) Special Administrative Regions. Tony Blair and Jiang Zemin oversaw, for ten points, what event in which the British handed over sovereignty of a very densely populated territory on the Pearl River to China?

Answer 18

transfer of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom (or Great Britain, England, etc.) to the (People’s Republic of) China (accept anything that describes Hong Kong no longer being British and/or Hong Kong becoming Chinese)

Question 19

Question: In August 2016, the holder of this position suggested that, after two surgeries, his country’s Parliament should amend the Imperial Household Act and allow him to retire. The 1946 (*) Humanity Declaration denied the godhood of people with this title. For ten points, name this position held by Akihito since the 1989 death of his father, Hirohito, the leader of an east Asian nation.

Answer 19

Emperor of Japan (accept Tenno)

Question 20

Question: This empire’s history is recorded in the Mendoza Codex and Florentine Codex. Invaders of this empire fled its capital during La Noche Triste, shortly after they executed its leader, (*) Montezuma. A triple alliance of the city-states Tlacopan, Texcoco, and Tenochtitlan grew into, for ten points, what empire that was based in modern-day Mexico until it was conquered in 1521 by Hernan Cortes?

Answer 20

Aztec empire

Question 21

Question: After the Autumn Harvest Uprising, this man retreated to the Jianggang (JAHNG-gahng) Mountains,where he joined forces with Zhu De (ZHOO DAY), creating the Red Army. He was succeeded by HuaGuofeng (WAH gwo-FANG) and went on the Long March after being surrounded by Kuomintang forces.Under his guidance, the Hundred Flowers Campaign and Great Leap Forward were launched. For 10points, name this author of the Little Red Book, the first leader of Communist China.

Answer 21

Mao Zedong [or Mao Tse-tung; or Chairman Mao]

Question 22

Question: The last “ancient” time period of this nation is named after the burial mounds, or kofun, of that time period. The Gempei War ended the Heian period of this country. Francis Xavier, a Jesuit missionary, and Commodore Matthew Perry came to this country during the Tokugawa Shogunate. For 10 points, name this country formerly ruled by Emperor Hirohito where two atomic bombs were dropped.

Answer 22

Japan (or Nippon)

Question 23

Question: This country declared a war after a neighboring country closed the Straits of Tiran to their shipping, then launched Operation Focus, a surprise air strike against that neighbor’s air force. This country, whose generals included Ariel Sharon, took the (*) Sinai Peninsula within a week of fighting. Jordan, Syria, and Egypt were defeated in the Six Day War by, for 10 points, what Middle Eastern Jewish country?

Answer 23

Israel

Question 24

Question: This object was used as a piece of building material in the construction of Fort Julien in the Nile Delta. It was discovered by a French soldier that occupied the fort in 1799, and Jean-Francois Champollion (ZHAN fran-SWAH SHAM-POE-lee-own) deciphered it in 1822. For 10 points, name this artifact carved in a basalt tablet and written in three languages, which permitted linguists to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphics for the first time in modern history.

Answer 24

Rosetta Stone

Question 25

Question: This dynasty ended after the rebellion of the peasant Li Zicheng. It gained power after the Battle of Lake Poyang, won by its first emperor, Hongwu, who had lead the Red Turban Rebellion. During this dynasty, Matteo Ricci founded a Jesuit mission, and also during this dynasty were the Yung Lo-sponsored voyages of Zheng He. (*) For 10 points, name this Chinese dynasty preceded by the Yuan, and followed by the Qing, which was known for its pottery.

Answer 25

Ming Dynasty [or Ming Chao]

Question 26

Question: The Darien Scheme was a failed attempt to create this structure. Ferdinand de Lesseps was arrested for bribery related to a plan for this structure, which failed due to landslides and yellow fever. The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty allowed the (*) U.S. to build this structure after its country declared independence from Colombia. For 10 points, name this 48-mile long structure, whose three locks allow ships to cut across Central America.

Answer 26

Panama Canal

Question 27

Question: Wang Mang briefly replaced this dynasty with his Xin (SHIN) dynasty, separating this dynasty into”Western” and “Eastern” periods. It was founded by Liu Bang and succeeded the Qin (CHIN) dynasty.During this dynasty, Confucianism became prominent and the first census was taken. For 10 points,identify this dynasty once ruled by Wudi (WOO-DEE), which shares a name with the primary ethnicgroup of China.

Answer 27

Han Dynasty

Question 28

Question: This country underwent the 14 July Revolution in 1958 to eliminate its monarchy. A border dispute with Iran near the Shatt al-Arab led to hundreds of thousands of casualties in a 1980s war. In 1990, this country tried to annex (*) Kuwait but was stopped by a coalition headed by the United States. For 10 points, name this country now headed by Nouri al-Maliki and Jalal Talabani that was recently led by Saddam Hussein.

Answer 28

Iraq

Question 29

Question: In the Admirable Campaign, this man issued the Cartagena (CAR-tah-HAY-nuh) Manifesto and theDecree of War to the Death. This victor at the Battle of Boyaca (boy-YAH-cah) defeated the Spanish inthe Battle of Carabobo, helping Venezuela achieve its independence. He met with José de San Martí­n atGuayaquil (GUY-ah-keel) and was the first president of Gran Colombia. For 10 points, name this SouthAmerican leader known as “the Liberator.”

Answer 29

Simón Bolí­var

Question 30

Question: These people recorded their rulers’ accomplishments on tetun using the only complete written languageof the pre-Columbian Americas. Leaders of these people include Pakal (pah-KAHL) the Great and HunacCeel (HOO-nahk KEEL) and their myths are collected in the Popol Vuh (POE-pohl VUH). For 10 points,identify this Mesoamerican civilization that created the Long Count calendar and had cities at Tikal (tee-KAHL) and Chichen Itza (CHEE-chen EET-zah).

Answer 30

Mayans

Question 31

Question: One event in this country’s history was a series of attacks on civilians and foreigners by the Videla Regime known as the Dirty War. Mossad carried out an operation to capture Adolf Eichmann (ike-MON) in this country. This country fought a war against Great Britain for control of the Falkland Islands. For 10 points, identify this country whose former leaders include Nestor Kirchner (kirk-NUR) and Juan Peron.

Answer 31

Republica Argentina [or Argentine Republic]

Question 32

Question: In 1892, revolutionaries in what is now this country named the exiled Jose Rizal its president. This country’s first president, Emilio Aguinaldo, led revolts against Spanish rule and, after an 1898 war, American rule. George Dewey led the US Navy to a decisive victory against the Spanish (*) fleet in this country. For ten points, name this Asian country with capital Manila.

Answer 32

Republic of the Philippines

Question 33

Question: This nation’s breakup was achieved by the actions of Milan Kucan (mee-LAHN koo-CHAHN) andFranjo Tudman (FRAHN-yoh TOOJ-mahn), and led to war crimes charges against Radovan Karadzic(RAH-duh-vahn kuh-RAH-jich) and Slobodan Milosevic (SLOH-buh-dahn muh-LOH-suh-vich). Foralmost half of its history, Marshal Tito was the leader of this country, part of which became Serbia andMontenegro after both Croatia and Slovenia declared independence. For 10 points, identify this Balkannation that broke apart in the early 1990s.

Answer 33

Yugoslavia

Question 34

Question: Scientists announced the discovery of 17 of these objects via infrared satellite imagery in May2011 at the abandoned capital of Tanis. Some of the oldest known of these structures were constructedover 5,600 years ago, including one for Khufu (KOO-foo). For 10 points, identify these structures oftenused as tombs for Egyptian pharaohs whose most famous examples are located at Giza.

Answer 34

pyramids

Question 35

Question: Pliny the Elder wrote 120 historical remarks on this substance, noting how it names a reward bestowed upon winning soldiers, giving us our modern word “salary.” A 1930 march to Dandi that protested a British (*) tax on this substance was led by Mahatma Gandhi, who produced this substance illegally by boiling off seawater. For 10 points, name this commonly iodized food preservative, found with pepper on Western table settings.

Answer 35

(table, rock, or sea) salt (accept sodium chloride)

Question 36

Question: One leader of this country when asked how far he would go to maintain order responded well, just watch me. After giving that statement that leader invoked the use of the War Measures Act to bring an end to the (*) October Crisis. In this country’s namesake caper it participated in a joint operation with the CIA to rescue six American Diplomats from Iran. For 10 points, name this North American country whose capital city is Ottawa.

Answer 36

Canada

Question 37

Question: This dynasty established the House of Wisdom, or Bayt al-Hikma (BITE all HEEK-mah), at whichalgebra was invented. Under al-Mu’tasim (al MOO-tah-SEEM), this dynasty established an army ofmilitary slaves known as Mamluks (MAMM-lukes). The last member of this dynasty was rolled up in acarpet and trampled to death after the sack of Baghdad in 1258. Harun al-Rashid (hah-ROON al rah-SHEED) ruled during its political peak. For 10 points, name this Arabian dynasty that succeeded theUmayyads (OO-my-AHDS).

Answer 37

Abbasid Caliphate [or Abbasids]

Question 38

Question: The last words of one person to die exploring this location were “I am just going outside and may be some time.” This region was the subject of the failed Nimrod and Endurance Expeditions, led by Sir Ernest (*) Shackleton, as well as the Terra Nova Expedition, which ended with the death of Robert Scott. For 10 points, name this continent on which, in December 1911, Roald Amundsen’s team first reached the South Pole.

Answer 38

Antarctica

Question 39

Question: A revolution in this country was led by the Katipunan and was sparked by the execution of Jose Rizal.One of its presidents, Ferdinand Marcos, was blamed for the assassination of Benigno Aquino, whose widowCorazon became president. (*) For 10 points, name this island nation, the site of the World War II Battle of LeyteGulf and the Spanish-American War Battle of Manila Bay.

Answer 39

Republic of the Philippines

Question 40

Question: This present-day nation was the center of Axum, and its church claims to hold the Ark of the Covenant. It defeated Italy at the Battle of Adowa under Emperor Menilek (MEN-ee-lek) II. Rastafarians (RAHSS-tah-FAR-ee-ins) hold that another emperor, Haile Selassie (HAY-lee seh-LAH-see), was the second coming of Jesus. Its first emperor was supposedly the son of the Queen of Sheba. For 10 points,name this African nation currently led by Girma Wolde-Giorgis (JER-mah WOLD-uh JOR-jiss) from Addis Ababa.

Answer 40

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia [or Ityop’iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik; prompt on Abyssinia]

Question 41

Question: After a 1982 assassination attempt in Dujail, this man ordered the executions of over 140 Shiites believed to be involved. This leader, who was found in 2003 near Tikrit in a (*) “spider hole,” was hanged for crimes against humanity in 2006. This dictator’s 1991 invasion of Kuwait sparked the first Gulf War, and he was deposed by US forces in the second Gulf War. For ten points, name this former leader of Iraq.

Answer 41

Saddam Hussein (prompt on “Saddam” alone)

Question 42

Question: This ruler was supported and succeeded by the vizier Ay. This successor of Smenkhkare reverted many of the religious reforms made by his father, including the worship of Aten. After dying, possibly in a chariot accident, he was buried in (*) KV62, a tomb discovered in 1922 by a team led by Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter. For 10 points, name this son of Akhenaten, a boy Pharaoh of Egypt.

Answer 42

Tutankhamun (accept “King Tut”)

Question 43

Question: This European nation established a trading post at Macau (mah-COW) in 1557 as part of its development of trade relations with China. The invention of the caravel ship made this nation’s exploration of the coast of Africa easier and one explorer from this nation, Bartholomew Dias (BAR-tol-OH-mew DEE-as), rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1488. For 10 points, identify this nation where Prince Henry the Navigator promoted exploration to boost the economy.

Answer 43

Portugal

Question 44

Question: In this war, naval forces under John Jellicoe (JELL-ih-koe) engaged forces under Reinhard Scheer(RINE-hard SHEER) during the Battle of Jutland. In another battle, Phillipe Petain (fill-EEP peh-TAN)stopped German forces at the namesake fortress in the Battle of Verdun. For 10 points, identify this 1914-1918 conflict that saw the Allied forces defeat the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary thatis also known as the Great War.

Answer 44

World War I [or First World War; accept Great War before mentioned; prompt on World War]

Question 45

Question: This leader constructed a causeway in order to break the Siege of Tyre. He first gained fame forbreaking through Theban lines at the Battle of Chaeronea (KAI-rone-EE-ah). This owner of Bucephalus(boo-SEF-AH-lus) ensured the fall of his main enemy at the battles of Issus and Gaugamela (GOW-gah-MELL-ah). For 10 points, name this son of Philip II, a Macedonian king who was tutored by Aristotle andwho defeated Darius III and conquered the Persian Empire.

Answer 45

Alexander the Great [or Alexander III of Macedon/Macedonia; prompt on Alexander]

Question 46

Question: The descamisados gathered outside this country’s Casa Rosada to support one of its leaders. Thousands of people were “disappeared” in this country’s Dirty War, which ended after its military was ousted from power following their invasion of the Malvinas and ensuing loss to (*) Great Britain in the Falkland War. For 10 points, name this South American country, whose president Juan Peron and wife Eva, known as Evita, ruled from its capital of Buenos Aires.

Answer 46

Republica Argentina (accept Argentine Republic)

Question 47

Question: A White House memo released on the day of this event cited “the battle of the laboratories” and urgedimmediate acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration. A bestselling book about this was written by John Hersey.Paul Tibbets commanded the sortie that executed this action, which was carried out using the device “LittleBoy” from the (*) B-29 Enola Gay. For 10 points, identify this first use of an atomic weapon in war.

Answer 47

the detonation of an atomic bomb in Hiroshima [accept grammatical variants; accept variations of “atomic” like “nuclear”; “atomic/nuclear” is unnecessary after “atomic” is mentioned in question; prompt on partial answers; accept variations of detonation of “Little Boy” before it is mentioned; do not accept any answer mentioning “Nagasaki”]

Question 48

Question: During the colonial period, this country was known as the territory of the Afars and Issas. Units of the French Foreign Legion were once based in this country, which is adjacent to the Bab el Mandeb, a strait that connects the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden. (*) Eritrea, Somalia, and Ethiopia border, for 10 points, what small nation on the Horn of Africa?

Answer 48

Republic of Djibouti [or République de Djibouti or Jumhuriyat Jibuti]

Question 49

1: Name this militant Sunni group that has taken control of much of northwestern Iraq and eastern Syria.

Answer 49

Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (accept IS or ISIS; accept Islamic State of Iraq and (the) Levant or ISIL; accept ad-Dawlah l-ʾIslāmiyyah)

Question 50

2: In that June 2014 announcement, ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi declared that ISIS was this type of state, representing and ruling over all Muslims worldwide. ISIS’ claim to this type of state was roundly criticized by the global community.

Answer 50

caliphate

Question 51

3: Some news outlets initially claimed that a December 2014 hostage crisis at a cafe in this Australian city was organized by ISIS.

Answer 51

Sydney, Australia

Question 52

1: Name this Oceanic nation consisting of a North Island, South Island, and many small islands roughly one thousand miles east of Australia.

Answer 52

New Zealand

Question 53

2: The Maori are often compared with this group of indigenous Australians in terms of how they were treated by Western colonists after their discovery in Oceania.

Answer 53

Aboriginal Australians [Aborigines]

Question 54

3: The British colonists signed this treaty with the Maori in 1840, giving control of New Zealand to Britain. Wording differences between the English and Maori versions of the treaty have led many to believe it is invalid.

Answer 54

Treaty of Waitangi

Question 55

1: Name this no-man’s-land along the 38th parallel. It was created in a July 1953 armistice.

Answer 55

Demilitarized Zone

Question 56

2: The DMZ was created at the end of this war. At various points in this war, the capitals of Seoul and Pyongyang were each captured by enemy forces.

Answer 56

Korean War

Question 57

3: This American general led an offensive into North Korea to the Yalu River that triggered Chinese involvement in the war. President Truman removed him from command for insubordination in 1951.

Answer 57

Douglas MacArthur

Question 58

1: Name this Chinese political party, led by Sun Yat-sen until his 1925 death.

Answer 58

Kuomintang (or KMT)

Question 59

2: After Sun Yat-sen’s death, this anti-Communist military leader took control of the Kuomintang and led the Northern Expedition to unify China.

Answer 59

Chiang Kai-shek

Question 60

3: This Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party opposed Chiang Kai-shek; after this man’s victory in the Chinese Civil War, Kai-shek evacuated to Taiwan.

Answer 60

Mao Zedong

Question 61

1: Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku planned the bombing of this Hawaiian naval base on December 7th, 1941 that sparked US involvement in World War II.

Answer 61

Pearl Harbor

Question 62

2: In 1904, Japan’s navy attacked this country’s fleet at Port Arthur, three hours before officially declaring war against it. The ensuing war between this country and Japan ended with the Treaty of Portsmouth, which was brokered by Teddy Roosevelt.

Answer 62

Russia (accept Russian Empire; do not accept “USSR” or “Soviet Union”)

Question 63

3: In the 1560 Battle of Okehazama, this daimyo’s forces sneaked to the rear of the opposing army, killing the opposing leader at his tent. This unifier of Japan was succeeded by Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Answer 63

Oda Nobunaga

Question 64

1: Name this South American “Liberator” who spread democracy through Latin America.

Answer 64

Simon Bolivar

Question 65

2: During the Admirable Campaign, Bolivar issued this Decree as a response to Spanish massacres. This order permitted murder of Spanish born citizens opposing independence.

Answer 65

Decree of War to the Death

Question 66

3: Bolivar issued the Decree of War to the Death from this South American country; Bolivar freed its city of Caracas during the Admirable Campaign.

Answer 66

Venezuela

Question 67

Name this leader who advocated nonviolence to help India achieve independence. In 1948, he was assassinated by Nathuram Godse.

Answer 67

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (or Mahatma Gandhi)

Question 68

2: In the early 1930s, Mahatma Gandhi fasted to gain civil rights for this lowest caste of Indian society, whom Gandhi called Harijan, or children of Vishnu.

Answer 68

untouchables

Question 69

3: Gandhi began his political activism fighting for the civil rights of Indians in this country. Until 1994, this country was the home of the system of racial segregation called apartheid.

Answer 69

South Africa