American History MS Flashcards by Andrew Vincent

Question: Samuel Chase was the only impeached member of this group, which is vested with power by Article III of the U.S. Constitution. Harriet Miers and Robert Bork were unsuccessful nominees to join this group, which Franklin Roosevelt proposed increasing to a size of 15. (*) Marbury v. Madison was an 1803 decision by, for 10 points, what nine-member panel, the highest-ranking in the judicial branch?

United States Supreme Court [accept SCOTUS (Supreme Court of the United States); prompt on “Court”]

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Question: During this man’s administration an act limiting child labor, the Keating-Owen Act, was passed. Another bill passed during this man’s administration was the Clayton Antitrust Act which helped limit big business. This president’s secretary of state resigned after the sinking of the (*) Lusitania. This man campaigned with the slogan he kept us out of the war and would later attempt to end that war with his 14 points. For 10 points, name this 28th President of the United States who was in office during World War I

Woodrow Wilson

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Question: This person won the Nobel Peace Prize for leading negotiations for the Treaty of Portsmouth, which ended the Russo-Japanese War. This leader coined the term “bully pulpit” and introduced the Square Deal. During the Spanish-American War, he led a charge up San Juan Hill with the Rough Riders, and hewould later run for President on the Bull Moose ticket. For 10 points, name this President who succeeded William McKinley.

Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt [prompt on Roosevelt; prompt on T.R.]

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Question: This government body resolved the Yazoo land scandal and determined in 1803 that, even though John Adams erred in not delivering a commission, the (*) Judiciary Act in question was unconstitutional. This body was led for over thirty years by John Marshall, who helped decide the Marbury v. Madison case. For ten points, name this group of nine justices, the highest court in the United States.

United States Supreme Court (accept Supreme Court of the United States or SCOTUS)

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Question: The U.S. Naval Observatory is the official residence for holders of this office, which Spiro Agnew resigned when he was charged with tax fraud. This post was vacant during the administrations of John Tyler and Millard Fillmore, who both became (*) President after they held this post. Ties in the U.S. Senate are broken by, for 10 points, what executive branch post recently held by Dick Cheney?

Vice President of the United States [do not accept or prompt on “President”]

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Question: Victorious soldiers in this war, worried about unfunded pensions, tried to organize the Newburgh Conspiracy. The Conway Cabal was a short-lived attempt to replace the winning leader. During this war, John André was hanged for his role in an attempted (*) betrayal of the fort at West Point, a plan organized by Benedict Arnold. For 10 points, name this war, which ended when Lord Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown to George Washington.

American Revolutionary War (or Revolutionary War)

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Question: This man chaired the 40 Committee that authorized the CIA backed coup of Salvador Allende (Ah-YEN-day) in Chile. He negotiated with Zhou Enlai during Richard Nixon’s 1972 visit to China. As National Security Advisor, he applied the term “détente” [day-TAHNT] to relaxation of tensions with the Soviet Union. (*) For 10 points, name this Nobel Peace Prize winner and realpolitik advocate who served as Secretary of State at the end of the Vietnam War.

(Heinz Alfred) “Henry” Kissinger

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Question: One issue in this case was Dr. John Emerson’s purchase of Harriet Robinson in the Wisconsin territory. This case was dismissed because the plaintiff did not have standing to sue; the opinion in this case then ruled that Congress could not ban (*) slavery in territories and ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. For 10 points, name this controversial 1857 Supreme Court case that ruled people of African descent could not be U.S. citizens.

Dred Scott v. (John) Sandford

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Question: In the buildup to this battle, the losing commander set up a fortification at Gloucester (“GLAU-ster”) shortly after retreating from Williamsburg. A key turning point in this battle was the arrival of reinforcements under Count Rochambeau (“RO-sham-BO”). British naval forces under Thomas Graves failed to break through the French blockade. For 10 points, name this final Revolutionary War battle, after which Lord Cornwallis surrendered.

Battle of Yorktown

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Question: A wagon train retreating from this battle was caught at Monterey Pass, but George Meade couldn’t catch up to it. During this battle, Lewis Amistead advanced to the “High Water Mark of the Confederacy,” although (*) Pickett’s Charge failed to turn the tide of this July 1863 battle. For ten points, name this battle of the Civil War, whose site was made a cemetery after Abraham Lincoln gave a namesake “Address” there.

Battle of Gettysburg (accept Gettysburg Address)

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Question: One mission in this program docked with the spacecraft used by Soyuz (soy-“OOZE”) 19. Thenumerically first mission in this program was retroactively named after a fire burst out during a test run.Harrison Schmitt, a geologist, was part of its last mission, number 17. One mission in this programspawned the line, “Houston, we’ve had a problem.” For 10 points, name this NASA program whosemission 11 saw man first walk on the moon.

Apollo Program [accept Apollo Extension Series or Apollo Applications Program before “first”]

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Question: In this leader’s farewell address, he noted that, until World War II, “American makers of plowshares could […] make swords as well.” He used the Army to desegregate Central High School in Little Rock, and he was inspired by the Autobahn to develop the national (*) Interstate system. This Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces led the invasion of Normandy on D-Day. For 10 points, name this general who served as U.S. President following Harry Truman.

Dwight David Eisenhower

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Question: Along with his accomplice David Herold, he was tracked down to the farm of Richard Garrett where hewas shot and killed by Boston Corbett. He received medical attention from Dr. Samuel Mudd in the wakeof his most famous action, and after jumping from a balcony onto the stage, he famously shouted “sicsemper tyrannis” to the crowd at Ford’s Theater. For 10 points, identify this assassin of Abraham Lincoln.

John Wilkes Booth

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Question: During the Civil War, this city was defended by Fort St. Philip and controversially occupied by Uniongeneral Benjamin Butler. The Sieur de Bienville led a group of French settlers here in 1718. This city’ssuburb of Metairie contains the southern end of the Lake (*) Pontchartrain Causeway. Its Lower Ninth Wardwas damaged when levees were weakened by a 2005 storm. For 10 points, what Louisiana city was devastated byHurricane Katrina?

New Orleans, Louisiana

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Question: During his final command, he planned the amphibious assault at Inchon. Nearly a decade before that, he took command of American troops in the Pacific, but lost the Philippine Islands to the Japanese in 1942.For 10 points, name this American general who accepted the surrender of Japan in 1945 and vowed, “I shall return.”

Douglas MacArthur

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Question: A work possibly ghost-written for this man praised Edmund Ross, Thomas Hart Benton, and six otherSenators for doing what they felt was right; that work was Profiles in Courage. This president ordered afailed invasion at the Bay of Pigs. He persisted in a naval blockade of Cuba and resolved the CubanMissile Crisis. For 10 points, name this President who was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallasin 1963.

John F. Kennedy [or JFK; prompt on Kennedy]

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Question: The Cullen-Harrison Act weakened this policy, which was effectively begun by the Volstead Act. This policy ended with the 1933 ratification of the 21st Amendment, though it had been defied by (*) speakeasies and bootleggers. Franklin Roosevelt joked “I think this would be a good time for a beer” to end, for ten points, what period of American history when alcoholic beverages were banned?

Prohibition (accept descriptions of the banning of alcoholic beverages before it is read) [foo- koh] [hoy- gens] [soo- tah pee- tah- kah] [“polly” canon]

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Question: This designer of a planned community at Arthurdale resigned from the D.A.R. and arranged a concert at the Lincoln Memorial for Marian Anderson. This first chair of the UN Commission on Human Rights helped develop the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which included the (*) “Four Freedoms” proposed by her husband. For 10 points, name this First Lady, the wife of Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Eleanor Roosevelt (accept Eleanor alone after “Roosevelt” is read)

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Question: This event, a violation of the Boland Amendment, resulted in three felony convictions for Oliver North. It was investigated by the Tower Commission, which criticized the President for his inattentiveness. Its goal was to suppress the (*) communist Sandinistas. For 10 points, name this scandal of the Reagan administration in which arms sales to the Middle East funded a Nicaraguan rebel group.

Iran-Contra affair (accept equivalents for “affair,” like “incident” or “scandal;” prompt on partial answer)

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Question: This event was covered by Herbert Morrison, a Chicago reporter whose voice was accidentally sped up as he described the “falling on the mooring-mast” during this event. The LZ 129’s arrival at the Lakehurst Naval (*) Air Station preceded the cry “Oh, the humanity!” during this disaster. For ten points, name this 1937 tragedy in New Jersey, in which thirty-five people died aboard a German zeppelin that caught fire.

LZ 129 Hindenburg disaster

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Question: This state’s popular dueling site, Weehawken, was where both Philip and Alexander Hamilton were fatally shot. Hessian forces were attacked on (*) Christmas Day in this state, after George Washington crossed the Delaware into this state to start the Battle of Trenton. For ten points, name this state in which American forces won the Battle of Princeton.

New Jersey

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Question: This man stabbed Henry Rathbone to begin his escape. Boarding house owner Mary Surratt was one of four people hanged for conspiring with this man, who was shot and killed in a burning barn. Samuel Mudd was arrested for treating this man’s (*) leg, which was broken after he fell to the stage of Ford’s Theater, shouting “Sic semper tyrannis!” For 10 points, name this actor and Confederate supporter who, on April 14th, 1865, shot and killed Abraham Lincoln.

John Wilkes Booth

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Question: During this event, Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General WilliamRuckelshaus (RUCK-als-HOUSE) resigned in the Saturday Night Massacre. It attempted to cover upC.R.E.E.P.’s (CREEP’s) attempt to bug the Democratic Party headquarters. It was uncovered by BobWoodward and Carl Bernstein with the help of Deep Throat. For 10 points, what scandal caused PresidentNixon to resign following his reelection?

Watergate scandal

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Question: This state’s “Unassigned Lands” were claimed in an infamous 1889 land rush. In this state’s capital, 168 people were killed in a 1995 bombing by Timothy McVeigh. In 1921, the wealthiest African-American community in the country, the Greenwood district, was burned during this state’s (*) Tulsa race riots. For ten points, name this central U.S. state where “Sooners” now live in a panhandle north of Texas.

Oklahoma

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Question: This newspaper was sued by Alabama public safety officer Louis B. Sullivan. Its long-time publisher, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, died in 2012. It won one of its 108 Pulitzer prizes for printing The Pentagon Papers. One nickname of this newspaper is "the Old (*) Gray Lady." "All the News That's Fit to Print" is the motto of, for 10 points, what daily newspaper published in the "Big Apple"?

The New York Times [accept NYT; prompt on "Times"]

Question: This man was targeted in the Conway Cabal, which was partially due to his losses at Germantown andBrandywine. He declared political parties to be a "frightful despotism" and warned against engaging in"entangling alliances" in his Farewell Address, after which his former Vice President John Adams becamePresident. For 10 points, name this leader of the Continental Army who became the first President of theUnited States.

George Washington

Question: This man sent the Great White Fleet on a tour of the world to impress Japan, and ended a conflictbetween Japan and Russia with the Treaty of Portsmouth. He recruited several college buddies to servetogether as the Rough Riders unit during the Spanish-American War. He began "trustbusting" with theStandard Oil Case. For 10 points, name this president from 1901 to 1909, whose nickname provided thename for a toy bear.

Theodore Roosevelt [or Teddy Roosevelt; or T.R.; prompt on Roosevelt]

Question: As president, this man shut down the Second Bank of the United States. This president had a group offriends and advisers called the "kitchen cabinet." This victor at the Battle of New Orleans forced theremoval of the Cherokee from their land by signing the Indian Removal Act. For 10 points, name thisman nicknamed "Old Hickory," the seventh president.

Andrew Jackson [prompt on Old Hickory before mentioned]

Question: After the Johnstown Flood, this man rebuilt the city's library. He advocated large scale philanthropy to fight wealth inequality in "The Gospel of Wealth;" this industrialist made his fortune from a company purchased in 1901 by (*) J.P. Morgan. For 10 points, name this Scottish- American founder of U.S. Steel, whose charity work included building numerous museums and libraries, as well as a namesake concert venue in New York City.

; Andrew Carnegie

Question: During this man's presidency, Benjamin Bristow uncovered a scandal that included this man's secretary, Orville Babcock, regarding failure to pay taxes on whiskey production and sales. This man, whose presidency was sullied by the (*) Whiskey Ring scandal, was also troubled by the Credit Mobilier scandal and the Panic of 1873. For 10 points, name this President, who had a more successful career as Commanding General of the U.S. Army during the Civil War.

Ulysses S. Grant

Question: A pair of VC-25s currently serve as this vehicle, replacing the SAM 27000 in 2001. This vehicle's crew refuses to admit certain caskets to its cargo hold, a tradition begun on November 22, 1963, when the oath of office was administered to (*) Lyndon Johnson aboard this vehicle. For ten points, name this aircraft used to carry the President of the United States.

Air Force One

Question: In 1984, Bernard Goetz shot four black teenagers on this city's subway, claiming self- defense. In 1976 and 1977, six murders by the "Son of Sam" terrorized this city. The zero- tolerance for "broken windows" policy used by this city in the (*) 1990s corresponds with a drop in the crime rate under mayor Rudolph Giuliani. For 10 points, name this city, whose failed 2013 law banning large soft drinks was supported by former mayor Michael Bloomberg.

New York City (or NYC)

Question: A group of people was subjected to this event due to the Treaty of New Echota. Present-day Oklahoma, then a territory, was the destination for many victims of this event, which got its name from the oppression of the Cherokee nation during it. (*) Andrew Jackson supported, for ten points, what nineteenth century event in which tribes of Native Americans were forcibly relocated west of the Mississippi River?

Trail of Tears (prompt on descriptions, such as "removal of Native Americans," before "relocated" is read)

Question: In this war, a group of immigrant deserters formed Saint Patrick's Battalion and fought against the United States. This war resulted in a cession of land that was later adjusted by the Gadsden Purchase. Winfield Scott led an amphibious assault on (*) Veracruz during this war, which was ended by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. For 10 points, name this 1846 to 1848 war against an army led by Santa Anna.

Mexican American War

Question: This current Chair of the Committee on Armed Services was shot down in 1967, then spent over five years in Hoa Lo, nicknamed the "Hanoi Hilton." At one campaign stop, this man was booed for correcting an audience member who called his opponent, (*) Barack Obama, an Arab. For ten points, name this former prisoner of war during the Vietnam War, who has served five terms as Senator from Arizona.

John Sidney McCain III

Question: This politician responded to Francois Barbe-Marbois in his Notes on the State of Virginia. This man founded the University of Virginia and designed the mansion of Monticello.. This president sent the Lewis and Clark expedition and authorized the (*) Louisiana Purchase. He was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. For 10 points, name this third president of the United States.

Thomas Jefferson

Question: This group’s size in Indiana shrank after the rape and murder trial of its leader D.C. Stephenson. Catholics were admitted into this group in the 1970s under the leadership of David Duke. Members of this group committed the Greensboro massacre against the Communist Workers’ Party and (*) bombed the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham. For 10 points, name this American hate group known for burning crosses and wearing white robes.

Ku Klux Klan

Question: Martha Wright and 99 other participants in this event signed the Declaration of Sentiments, which notes that "all men and women are created equal." Lucretia Mott was the featured speaker at this 1848 event in upstate New York, which benefited from Quaker ideals of (*) equality. For ten points, name this convention organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, a landmark moment in the women's rights movement.

Seneca Falls Convention

Question: This politician objected to the Mexican War by giving his Spot Resolutions. This leader gave the "HouseDivided" speech, and he engaged in a series of debates with Stephen (*) Douglas during the 1858 Senateelection. The Emancipation Proclamation was signed by this president, who was shot in Ford's Theatre by JohnWilkes Booth. For 10 points, name this president who served during the Civil War.

Abraham Lincoln

Question: The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was an early attempt to address this event, which resulted inthe formation of the SEC. Dorothea Lange (LANG) took a famous photograph of Florence OwensThompson during it, and it was exacerbated by drought in the Midwest leading to the Dust Bowl. For 10points, Migrant Mother was taken during what economic downturn in the 1930s that Franklin Roosevelttried to solve with his New Deal?

Great Depression [accept banking crisis before "SEC" is read]

Question: During this battle, Simon Fraser was targeted for death by Benedict Arnold, whose wounded leg was memorialized at Bemis Heights, in this battle's location. John Burgoyne's (*) surrender at this 1777 battle led France to promise aid to the colonies. For ten points, name this upstate New York battle in which victory over the British is often cited as the turning point of the American Revolution.

Battle(s) of Saratoga (accept the Battle of Bemis Heights before it is read; accept "Campaign" or similar terms in place of "Battle")

Question: This woman allied with Walter White to push the failed Costigan-Wagner anti-lynching bill, but thePresident refused to publicly endorse it. She and Wendell Wilkie were the first honorary chairpersons ofFreedom House. She arranged Marian Anderson's concert at the Lincoln Memorial. As a delegate to the UNfrom 1945-1952, she also helped draft the Declaration of Human Rights. (*) For 10 points, name this First Lady,the wife of Franklin D. Roosevelt.

(Anna) Eleanor Roosevelt [prompt on "Roosevelt"]

Question: When James Madison revised this, it called for 7-year terms of office for Senators and 3-years terms for House members. Proposed by Edmund Randolph as 15 resolutions, more notable aspects of this plan included three branches of government and representation determined by population for both Houses. (*) For 10 points, identify this plan of government, named for the home state of Madison and Randolph, as well as Thomas Jefferson.

Virginia Plan

Question: Harold Brown promoted this object to display the danger of technology developed by Westinghouse and Tesla. William Kemmler was the first victim of this apparatus, which is often nicknamed "Old (*) Sparky" but is now seldom used, having been replaced by a three-drug sequence. For ten points, name this object whose use in applying death sentences was phased out in the 20th century in favor of lethal injections?

electric chair

Question: His opposition to harsh retaliation after the sinking of the Lusitania caused this politician to resign as Woodrow Wilson's Secretary of State. This man argued against Clarence Darrow in the Scopes Monkey Trial. He proclaimed that "you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns" in his (*) "Cross of Gold" speech. For 10 points, name this three-time Democratic presidential nominee, known as The Great Commoner.

William Jennings Bryan

Question: Richard Mentor Johnson's political career was helped by the belief that he personally killed this man at the Battle of the Thames (TEMS). This man helped co-found a settlement in the Indiana Territory where his brother was defeated by William Henry Harrison; that defeat occurred during the Battle of Tippecanoe. For 10 points, name this leader of the Shawnee that attempted to unite all of the Indian tribes in the early 1800's.

Tecumseh [accept Tecumtha; accept Tekamthi]

Question: This organization's Project MKUltra investigated human mind control. In 2006, it was admitted that this organization operated "black sites" in Eastern Europe. This organization funded the Nicaraguan Contras and trained the rebels who landed at the (*) Bay of Pigs, one of many of its attempts to remove Fidel Castro from power. John Brennan currently leads, for 10 points, what governmental spy agency that deals in foreign espionage?

Central Intelligence Agency

Question: As US President, this man authorized the voyage of the Great White Fleet and brokered the Treaty of Portsmouth, ending the Russo-Japanese War. (*) "Speak softly and carry a big stick" was a personal motto of this Bull Moose Party founder, who succeeded William McKinley. For ten points, name this president who is depicted on Mount Rushmore with Washington, Jefferson, and Lincoln.

Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt (prompt on "Roosevelt" alone)

Question: On this date in 1929, several members of Bugs Moran's gang were killed, probably on the orders of Al Capone. This Christian feast day celebrates a saint who, according to legend, broke Roman law by performing (*) weddings for soldiers. A Prohibition-era gangster massacre took place on, for ten points, what holiday now often celebrated with flowers and written expressions of love?

February 14 (accept St Valentine's Day or St Valentine's Day Massacre)

John F. Kennedy [or JFK; prompt on Kennedy]

Question: Franklin Sanborn was one of the "Secret Six" who funded this man's actions. He reacted to the sacking of Lawrence by committing the Pottawatomie Massacre, a pivotal moment during the "Bleeding Kansas" conflict. In October 1859, Marines led by (*) Robert E. Lee stopped him from inciting a slave revolt by capturing him in an armory. For 10 points, name this violent abolitionist whose raid on the armory at Harpers Ferry presaged the Civil War.

John Brown

Abraham Lincoln

Question: This event was orchestrated by Isoroku Yamamoto in an attempt to prevent American interference inthe Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies. The date on which it occurred "will live in infamy,"according to a Franklin Roosevelt speech. The U.S.S. Arizona Memorial is dedicated to over 1,100Americans killed in this event. For 10 points, identify this December 7, 1941 attack on a United Statesnaval base in Hawaii.

the attack on Pearl Harbor [accept logical equivalents]

Question: According to a 1946 work, members of this ethnic group were not interested in letting their families know they were safe in prison. This ethnic group's "shame culture" is contrasted with American "guilt culture" in Ruth Benedict's The (*) Chrysanthemum and the Sword. For ten points, name this ethnic group that was persecuted in the US during World War II after the Pearl Harbor attacks?

Japanese-Americans

Question: One bill addressing this process required a majority of a state's residents to take the Ironclad oath; that bill was the Wade-Davis bill, which was pocket-vetoed by President Lincoln in favor of his "Ten Percent Plan" for this process. This process did not end until Rutherford B. Hayes won the Election of 1876. For 10 points, identify this post-Civil War transformation and military occupation of the South.

military reconstruction [or Reconstruction Era; accept Radical Reconstruction before "Lincoln" but do not accept afterwards]

Question: This man was charged with avoiding customs duties in 1786, which led to the confiscation of his boat,the Liberty, by the British. In 1780, he became the first Governor of the Commonwealth ofMassachusetts. From 1775 to 1777, he served as president of the Second Continental Congress. For 10points, name this first person to sign the Declaration of Independence.

John Hancock

Question: This man used powers granted by the Taft-Hartley Act during a confrontation with air traffic controllers, and his Defense Secretary resigned after violations of the Boland Amendment were revealed. Before those events during his presidency, he served as Governor of California from 1967 until 1975. Prior to entering politics, this man was a famous (*) Hollywood actor. For 10 points, name this Republican president from 1981 to 1989.

Ronald (Wilson) Reagan

Question: The case Furman v. Georgia dealt with inequitable use of this practice, and Atkins v. Virginia ruled that mentally handicapped people cannot undergo this procedure. In 2011, Hospira stopped producing sodium thiopental, the first of a (*) three-drug process often used in this procedure. For 10 points, name this form of punishment usually performed in the United States by lethal injection on inmates serving on "Death Row."

capital punishment (or the death penalty, execution, or equivalents; prompt on lethal injection before mentioned)

Question: The late Senator Robert Byrd once held the rank of Exalted Cyclops in this organization, whose first majorleader was Nathan Bedford Forrest. The Civil Rights Act of 1871 was also named for this group. D.W.Griffith's film The Birth of a Nation glorifies this group, which was sued for (*) lynching Michael Donald. For10 points, name this white supremacist group that burns crosses and wears white clothing.

Ku Klux Klan

Question: During this war, Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. Tecumseh died during the Battle of the Thames in this war. The White House was burned by the British Army during this war. Francis Scott Key composed the (*) "Star Spangled Banner" during this conflict. Impressment of U.S. sailors was a major cause of this war. For 10 points, what 19th-century war between the U.S. and Britain was named for the year it began?

War of 1812

Question: This project's "Original Seven" included Gordon Cooper and Deke Slayton. The number 7 featured in the names of every vehicle used, including Friendship 7, flown by John Glenn, and Freedom 7, flown by Alan Shepard, the first American in space. It was succeeded by the Gemini project and the Apollo program. For 10 points, give NASA's first manned space flight project, named for the Roman messenger god.

Project Mercury [or Mercury Seven until "vehicle" is read; or Astronaut Group 1 until "vehicle" is read]

Question: This man served as U.S. President during the XYZ Affair. As President, this man suppressed criticism and immigration via the Alien and Sedition Acts. This member of the Federalist Party and first official resident of the (*) White House died on July 4, 1826, the same day as his rival, Thomas Jefferson. For ten points, name this second President of the United States and father of another President, John Quincy.

John Adams (prompt on "Adams;" do not accept "John Quincy Adams")

Question: During this battle, Confederate armies attempted to drive their opponent towards Owl Creek, but Unionforces fell back towards an area known as the Hornet's Nest instead. Albert Sidney Johnston was killed onthe first day of this battle, and the arrival of General Buell's troops sent the Confederates packing afterday two. For 10 points, name this April 6, 1862 battle fought in Tennessee.

Battle of Shiloh [or Battle of Pittsburg Landing]

Question: This man said that "some blue-eyed devil [...] had imposed" his ancestors with a slavemaster's name in an autobiography co-written by Alex Haley. In March 1964, this man broke with a movement led by Elijah (*) Muhammad, and was killed less than a year later. For ten points, name this African-American activist and one-time member of the Nation of Islam who replaced his birth surname, Little, with a single letter.

Malcolm X (accept Malcolm Little before it is read; accept el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz)

Question: A colorfully-named part of this organization circumnavigated the world in order to spread goodwill in the early 20th century. Theodore Roosevelt was the assistant secretary of this organization during war, a position he resigned to fight on the front lines. During the Spanish- American War a leader in this organization, (*) George Dewey won the battle of Manila Bay. For 10 points, name this organization which defends the coast and oversea holdings of a certain North American nation.

United States Navy(Accept obvious equivalents; Prompt on Navy)

Question: The 1638 Portsmouth Compact established a settlement that would become part of this colony. Its founder published The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution in 1644 and purchased land for this colony from the Narragansett Indians. Anne Hutchinson (*) fled religious persecution in Massachusetts to join this colony with the support of Roger Williams, its founder. For 10 points, name this colony in New England with capital Providence.

Rhode Island (and Providence Plantations)

Thomas Jefferson

Question: This political party's 1860 election was disrupted by the walk-out of the pro-slavery "Fire-Eaters." This party was born from an Andrew Jackson-led branch of an original party created by Jefferson and Madison. Stephen (*) Douglas ran for president as a member of this party, but lost to a rival party led by Abraham Lincoln. For ten points, name this American political party that opposes the Republicans.

Democratic Party (Democrats)

Question: This state's "Unassigned Lands" were claimed in an infamous 1889 land rush. In this state's capital, 168 people were killed in a 1995 bombing by Timothy McVeigh. In 1921, the wealthiest African-American community in the country, the Greenwood district, was burned during this state's (*) Tulsa race riots. For ten points, name this central U.S. state where "Sooners" now live in a panhandle north of Texas.

Oklahoma

The New York Times [accept NYT; prompt on "Times"]

Question: This man's popularity plummeted following the disastrous rescue attempt of Operation Eagle Claw. He claimed that the United States faced a "crisis of confidence" in his "malaise" speech. Although he failed to solve the Iran Hostage Crisis, he helped negotiate peace between Egypt and Israel in the Camp David Accords. For 10 points, name this Georgia-born president succeeded by Ronald Reagan.

James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr.

Question: In this battle, Joshua Chamberlain ordered a bayonet charge to defend a hill. Richard Ewell assaulted, but failed to take, Culp's Hill on each of the three days of this battle. Cemetery Ridge was the site of (*) Pickett's Charge, a failed assault in this battle that represented the high water mark of the Confederate invasion. For 10 points, name this July 1863 battle, the turning point of the Civil War, after which Abraham Lincoln gave a famous address.

Battle of Gettysburg

Question: This event took place on King Street and was ended by Thomas Hutchinson's clearing of the crowd. An inaccurate engraving depicts the perpetrators of this event standing in an organized line; that engraving by (*) Paul Revere also depicts the first victim of this event as a white man. Crispus Attucks was one of five people killed by British soldiers in, for 10 points, what March 5, 1770 incident in Massachusetts?

Boston Massacre

Question: A rebellion in this state for electoral rights was led by Thomas Dorr. The HMS Gaspee was burned off its coast. Metacomet's death and the Great Swamp Fight took place in this state, and Samuel Slater established the first American textile mill in its city of Pawtucket. Home to the Narragansett tribe and founded by Roger Williams at (*) Providence, for 10 points, name this state that first declared independence from Britain.

State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations

Question: A decade after this system first opened, it was expanded to connect to Oneida Lake, and a 20th century improvement on it implemented, rather than ran parallel with, the Mohawk River. A then- highly-inexperienced Benjamin Wright oversaw the construction of this system, which (*) DeWitt Clinton controversially supported. For ten points, name this canal that opened in 1825, greatly simplifying east-west transport across New York state to a namesake Great Lake.

Erie Canal

Question: One mission in this program docked with the spacecraft used by Soyuz (soy-"OOZE") 19. Thenumerically first mission in this program was retroactively named after a fire burst out during a test run.Harrison Schmitt, a geologist, was part of its last mission, number 17. One mission in this programspawned the line, "Houston, we've had a problem." For 10 points, name this NASA program whosemission 11 saw man first walk on the moon.

Apollo Program [accept Apollo Extension Series or Apollo Applications Program before "first"]

Question: This state's western region was a neutral "No Man's Land" which was abandoned by its neighbor to comply with the Missouri Compromise. Unassigned Lands in this state were illegally settled by "boomers" and "sooners," who ignored the official start of the (*) Homestead Act. In the 1830s, the Choctaw people were relocated to territory in this modern state via the Trail of Tears. For 10 points, name this former Indian Territory, a U.S. state north of Texas.

Oklahoma

Question: This country owned a colony that expanded as far south as Fort Ross in modern-day Sonoma. In 1848, St. Michael's Cathedral was built in this country's colonial town of (*) Sitka. In 1867, this country received $7.2 million in a land deal orchestrated by Secretary of State William Seward, labeled a "folly" by his opponents. For ten points, name this country whose American colonies, including Alaska, were founded in the name of the tsars.

Russian Empire (do not accept "USSR" or "Soviet Russia")

Question: This man, along with Edwin Catmull, was credited as an executive producer of the original Toy Storymovie, produced by Pixar Animation, which he renamed after purchasing it from George Lucas in 1986.From 2000 to 2011, he served as CEO of the computer company he co-founded with Steve Wozniak. For10 points, identify this co-founder of Apple Computers who died in October 2011 from complications dueto pancreatic cancer.

Steve Jobs

Question: William Hale Thompson was mayor of this city where the death of Mathias J. Degan led to the execution of August Spies. In addition to that event near the McCormick factory, an event in this city saw Pigasus the Pig nominated for President by people like Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffman. This city was the site of the Haymarket Square Riot and the 1968 Democratic National Convention. (*) For 10 points, name this Illinois city governed by two mayors named Daley and currently by Rahm Emanuel.

Chicago, Illinois

Question: The winning side of this battle had its main position at Henry House Hill. The losing side was ledby General Irvin McDowell. General Joseph Johnston rushed reinforcements to P. G.T Beauregard at thisbattle. General Bernard Bee was shot at this battle after proclaiming, "There stands Jackson like a stonewall!" For 10 points, name this first major battle of the Civil War.

First Battle of Bull Run [or First Battle of Manassas; prompt on Bull Run; prompt on Manassas]

Question: This modern state's panhandle was crossed by the Cimarron Cutoff, a branch of the Santa Fe Trail. A city in this state is called "Broken Arrow" because it was settled by Creek people, while part of this state was known as the "Indian Territory." White settlers who anticipated an 1889 decision to open its lands to homesteaders gave this state its nickname: the Sooner State. For 10 points, Tulsa is located in what state between Texas and Kansas?

Oklahoma

George Washington

1: Many Europeans migrated to the Americas by becoming this type of laborer, in which they exchanged several years of labor for their passage and were guaranteed their freedom at the end of the contract.

indentured servants

2: After the abolition of slavery, many former slaves worked as this type of farmer, being allowed to work a former plantation in return for a portion of the harvest.

sharecroppers

3: The 1842 Massachusetts Supreme Court case Commonwealth v. Hunt ruled that these labor organizations were not subject to anti-conspiracy rules. One of these led by Samuel Gompers organized cigar makers and was part of the AFL.

labor unions

1: Name this suburb of St. Louis, Missouri, where anti-police protests were met with force in summer 2014.

Ferguson, Missouri

2: Wesley Lowery, a Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter for this newspaper, was arrested while covering the Ferguson protests. Other Pulitzer-winning journalism from this Washington, D.C. newspaper was done by Woodward and Bernstein, who exposed the Watergate scandal.

The Washington Post

3: A few weeks prior to the death of Michael Brown, Eric Garner was killed in New York City by a police officer using this illegal procedure. The NYPD contend that this police officer used a headlock, not this procedure.

chokehold

1: Containment of communism was necessary according to this theory, which held that if one nation fell to communism, its neighbors would be the next countries to fall.

domino theory

2: This President issued a doctrine threatening US intervention in nations where communism looked like it might take hold. His policy provided money to Greece and Turkey and sent troops to Korea in 1950.

Harry Truman

3: This President, who served between Ford and Reagan, tried to shift from containment to a more pacifist foreign policy until the Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979. He won a Nobel Peace Prize in 2002, in part for his work with Habitat for Humanity.

Jimmy Carter

1: Name this period of time from 1920 to 1933, during which alcohol was banned within the United States.

Prohibition

2: Prohibition was established by this Constitutional amendment, which was repealed by the 21st amendment.

18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

3: This supporter of Prohibition famously took a hatchet to barrels of liquor in saloons, being arrested dozens of times for destroying bars.

Carrie A(melia) (Moore) Nation

1: Name this letter, published in 1796, which opens by announcing that its author would not seek a third term as President.

George Washington's Farewell Address (there is no official title to this work, so accept any equivalent that describes "the farewell letter (or speech) written by George Washington;" prompt on partial answers, such as "Washington's speech" or "Farewell Address" alone; accept reasonable equivalents to "farewell" in all of the above directions)

2: Washington's Farewell Address also warns against the danger of rival political parties. During Washington's presidency, the Federalist Party had been founded by Alexander Hamilton and this rival party had been founded by Thomas Jefferson.

Democratic-Republican Party

3: Washington's worries about party conflict came true in the Election of 1796, which Jefferson lost to this Federalist, who became the second U.S. President.

John Adams

1: Give this term for illegal secretive intelligence gathering, as often done in wartime.

espionage or spying

2: In 1776, this colonial soldier and spy volunteered to scout British troop movements, but was caught and hanged. At his hanging, he legendarily said "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country."

Nathan Hale

3: In 1948, a series of classified documents found in one of these plants implicated Alger Hiss in spying for the Soviet Union.

pumpkin (accept Pumpkin Papers)

Name this landmark 1803 case, in which Chief Justice John Marshall established the process of judicial review.

Marbury v. Madison (or the reverse order)

2: Judicial review is the process by which this body, led by the Chief Justice, invalidates laws that violate the "supreme law of the land,” the U.S. Constitution

Supreme Court of the United States

3: The Supremacy Clause, which makes the Constitution the "supreme law of the land," is found in this article of the Constitution, which also requires members of Congress, judges, and other officers to swear oaths to support the Constitution.

Article Six of the U.S. Constitution

Name this November 22nd, 1963 event in which Texas governor John Connolly was wounded.

assassination of John F. Kennedy (accept equivalents for "assassination;" accept "JFK" for "Kennedy;" prompt on "assassination of Kennedy" alone)

2: The Warren Commission concluded that this man was the lone gunman responsible for Kennedy's death. After fleeing from the Book Depository, he killed police officer J.D. Tippit before being captured in a movie theater.

Lee Harvey Oswald

3: While being transported out of police headquarters, Oswald was fatally shot by this nightclub owner.

Jack Leon Ruby

1: This two word phrase refers to the power of local governments to seize private property for public use, such as the building of schools.

eminent domain

2: The city of New London is about an hour's drive southeast of this state's capital city of Hartford.

Connecticut

3: In 1965, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Estelle Griswold, a Planned Parenthood director who argued that Connecticut's ban on this type of medicine was illegal. Foreshadowing Roe v. Wade's legalization of abortion, the Supreme Court argued that the ban on this type of health care violated the right to privacy.

contraception (accept birth control and any other equivalent that describes the prevention of pregnancy; prompt on “the pill;” do not accept “abortion”)

Name this short-lived mail service, in which relay teams of horseback riders delivered mail from station to station across the American West.

Pony Express

2: This rider for the Pony Express later toured the world with his "Wild West" show, which employed Annie Oakley and Sitting Bull.

William "Buffalo Bill" Cody accept Buffalo Bill; prompt on Bill)

3: Much of the Pony Express route followed this general trail, which led wagon trains from Missouri to the Willamette Valley on the Pacific Ocean.

Oregon Trail

1: This airline lost its Flight 370 in March over the Indian Ocean and its Flight 17 to an attack over Ukraine in July.

Malaysia Airlines

2: Both airplanes were 777 models manufactured by this American company, a rival to the European aircraft maker Airbus.

Boeing Company

3: Early, false reports of the crash of Flight 17 indicated that over 100 of its passengers were en route to a conference studying this disease.

AIDS (or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

1: Name this collection of papers that detailed the history of U.S. military intervention in Southeast Asia. Their leaking showed that the government extensively lied to the public about their actions.

Pentagon Papers

2: The Pentagon Papers detailed the history of this war. Lyndon Johnson sent American troops into this war after the Gulf of Tonkin incident, and it ended with the 1975 fall of Saigon.

Vietnam War

3: This President hired a group of so-called "Plumbers" to harass Ellsberg after he leaked the Pentagon Papers. The group CREEP sought to get this President re-elected by breaking into Democratic headquarters at the Watergate hotel.

Richard Milhous Nixon

1: Name this movement to end the American practice of slavery, advocated by the newspaper The Liberator and by speakers like former slave Sojourner Truth.

abolitionism

2: This man founded and published The Liberator for 36 years.

William Lloyd Garrison

3: In 1854, Garrison publicly burned a copy of this document, calling it a "Covenant with Death." The final issue of The Liberator celebrated the end of slavery because this document had been amended to ban slavery.

U.S. Constitution

1: The Jamestown colony was heavily supported by the export of this crop, which was grown by John Rolfe and introduced to Europe by Sir Walter Raleigh.

tobacco

2: Tobacco rivaled a certain textile crop as the primary export of the South until 1793, when this machine simplified production of a certain textile crop by quickly separating the seeds from the fiber.

cotton gin (prompt on "gin")

3: This businessman invented the cotton gin in 1793.

Eli Whitney

1: Name this 1848 women's rights convention, which drafted the Declaration of Sentiments.

Seneca Falls Convention

2: This Quaker orator's visit to Seneca Falls was the impetus for the Convention. Her husband chaired the second day of the Convention, during which she opposed a resolution demanding women's suffrage, noting it made the other resolutions less reasonable to opponents of women's rights.

Lucretia Mott

3: This women's rights advocate was not at Seneca Falls in 1848, though her parents and sister were there and signed the Declaration of Sentiments. In 1873, she was convicted and fined $100 -- a fine she refused to pay -- for voting while female.

Susan B. Anthony

1: Name this song written by Francis Scott Key. It was declared the American national anthem by President Hoover in 1931.

The Star-Spangled Banner

2: Key was inspired to write the lyrics for The Star-Spangled Banner after seeing the flag rise above this fort.

Fort McHenry

3: Fort McHenry defends this Maryland city's harbor on the Chesapeake Bay.

Baltimore

1: Name this Founding Father, whose epitaph neglected to mention his service as the third President of the United States.

Thomas Jefferson

2: In 1819, Jefferson founded this university in Charlottesville in his home state.

University of Virginia

3: Jefferson taught himself architecture, studying the work of Andrea Palladio, so he could design this mansion on his plantation near Charlottesville.

Monticello

1: Name this railroad strike and boycott that crippled transportation in 1894.

Pullman Strike

2: This President ordered federal troops to break the Pullman Strike, then established Labor Day as a national holiday to ease tensions. He served two non-consecutive terms as U.S. President.

Grover Cleveland

3: President Cleveland ordered the end of the strike because it was disrupting this service of the federal government.

Mail delivery

1: This African-American leader of the Tuskegee Institute, orator of the "Atlanta Compromise," and author of Up From Slavery was the honored guest.

Booker T. Washington

2: Washington was invited by this President, who took office after the death of William McKinley. In his military career, this man fought with the "Buffalo Soldiers" as leader of the Rough Riders.

Theodore Roosevelt

3: Prior to becoming President, Teddy Roosevelt served as this state's Governor; during his two year term, he ended segregation of this state's public schools.

New York

1: Name this southernmost city of the continental United States. The 2,300-plus miles of U.S. Route 1 run from Fort Kent in Maine south through Miami to this city.

Key West

2: Even though Key West is geographically closer to Havana, Cuba, than it is to Miami, it’s still part of this U.S. state.

Florida

3: On April 23, 1982, Key West protested Border Patrol actions relating to Cuban immigration by seceding from the United States, forming this "republic" inspired by a beach shell. This republic declared war, surrendered within a minute, then applied for one billion dollars of foreign aid.

Conch Republic