World History (Islam) Sudy Flashcards
What did the Byzantine Empire originally form from?
Eastern Roman Empire
What influences blended together to form the Byzantine Empire?
Greek, Roman, and Christian
Why did Constantine move the capital from Rome to Byzantium?
he wanted his capital to be closer to the center
When does the Byzantine Empire reach its height?
527 to 565 AD.
What main accomplishments does Justinian have as Emperor?
Codified the old Roman law
What is the Justinian Code and how did it come into existence?
sets of laws and legal interpretations, codified by scholars under the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I
What is the Hagia Sophia and why is it so important?
A christian chruch, it served as a center of religious, political, and artistic life for the Byzantine world
Where is the Hagia Sophia located?
Istanbul, Turkey
What was the official religion of the Byzantine Empire?
Christianity
Who was Cyril? What did he do?
a scholarly archbishop and a prolific writer who wrote documents
What were icons? Why did the Pope want to use them in church services?
sacred images representing the saints, Christ, and mary, it draws the faithful who
venerate them closer to God, to the hypostatic presence of the persons portrayed and to
the sacramental gestures celebrated in the fear of the Lord
Who were iconoclasts?
people who opposed the use of religious images, or icons, in the Byzantine Empire during
the 8th and 9th centuries
Why does the church separate into two different religions?
different opinions on believes
Who is crowned Emperor of the Roman people by the Pope?
Charlemagne
What is the Schism of 1054?
seperated the catholic, and orthodox churches
Where are the Eastern Slavs located?
Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine
What is the Varangian Route?
a medieval trade route that connected the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea
What role did the Vikings play in the Eastern Slavs development?
raiders and traders
Who is Vladimir? What does he do?
(Grand) Prince of kiev, allies with the Byzantine empire
What areas of influence does Eastern Orthodoxy serve in the Slavic culture?
spread christianity
Mecca
the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad’s birthplace
Kaaba
The most sacred temple of Islam, located at Mecca
Medina
a city in western Saudi Arabia
It is where muhammad moved to
Battle of Tours
732 C.E.
a battle between North African armies and Frankish forces
Led by Charles Martel in Gaul
Shiite
a person who belongs to one of the two main branches of Islam
Sunni
a member of the largest branch of Islam
Muhammad
Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam.
Quran
The holy book of Islam
The islamic version of a Bible
Mosque
Islamic house of worship
Caliph
successor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslims
Doesn’t start a dynasty
The central doctrine taught by the Qur’an is the belief in
one god, Allah
Islam
Religion
Islam = Submision to the will of God
Monothestic
Hajj
A pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims
They just walked to Mecca
Silk Roads (600-1450)
A trade route across central asia where they traded goods
Traded silk, spices, porcelain, paper, horses, and gold
Arabia
a peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf
Five Pillars of Islam
Declaration of belief in one God
faith, prayer, alms, fasting, and pilgrimage
Umayyad
a member of the caliph dynasty
They ruled from 660 to 750 AD
Shi’a
the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad
Reasons for Islamic expansion
military conquest, driven by religious zeal, political ambitions to control new territories, and the appeal of their message
Muslim Trade Network
a web of communities and trade routes that connected the Islamic world
Connected the Islam word through trade, pilgrimage, and missionary work
Caravans
Groups of people traveling together for safety over long distances
Just like Nomads
Abbasids
750 - (About) 1250
A dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire
Moved the capital to Baghdad
Allah
Arabic word for God
House of Wisdom
Established in the 800’s
Combination of a library, academy, and translation center
In Baghdad
Baghdad
Capital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq
near ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphon
Rightly Guided Caliphs
632-661
The first four rulers of the Islamic world after the death of Muhammad.
Fasting
Muslims must not eat from sun up to sun down to show their faith
