World History Exam - Fall 2024 Flashcards
What is necessary to have a civilization?
Agriculture
Urban centers (cities)
Centralized government
Complex division of labor
Division of people into social classes
Shared religious beliefs
Where did some of the first civilizations develop?
Mesopotamia - 4000 BCE
Egypt - 3150 BCE
Indus Valley - 3300 BCE
China - 2000 BCE
Norte Chico - 3100 BCE
Olmec - 1500 BCE
What made Mesopotamia unique here?
It was the first civilization to have writing
What is a “city-state”?
City-state - a city that with its surrounding land makes a country (Vatican, Singapore)
How is a city-state different from a country?
It was a kingdom that was a city, a country is a large portion of land and multiple cities
What was the “Neolithic Revolution”?
It’s also called the Agricultural Revolution this is when more civilizations started settling down into one area, this way they could grow their own food
What are the basics of Hinduism?
Cycle of Reincarnation and the Caste System
What are the steps in the Cycle of Reincarnation?
Work harm at your Dharma (Dharma - your personal mural duties and vocation)
Depending on how good your life was you could be reincarnated. (You could get into a higher caste or in a lower caste if you were bad.)
Good behavior gives you good Karma (This determines how you are reborn)
Escape/Monksha - to leave the cycle and become one with the universe
What is the Caste System?
It was the Indian “social ladder”. It determined what jobs you could have and who you could marry.
What is the first or top step in the caste system? Who makes up this step?
Brahims, Priests and scholars
What is the second step in the caste system? Who makes up this step?
Kshatriyers
warriors, nobels
What is the third step in the caste system? Who makes up this step?
Vaishyas
Merchants, artists
What is the fourth step in the caste system? Who makes up this step?
Shudras
Farmers and laborers
What is the fifth step in the caste system? Who makes up this step?
Untouchables
Grave diggers, work in sewers
Hindu culture is based on different levels of social standings: the caste system. How does that impact their day to day life?
They can’t marry anyone or get a job that is outside of their caste ranking
Who was the Buddha?
He was an Indian prince that renounced his position and wealth to seek spiritual enlightenment
What are the basics of Buddhism?
The Four Noble Truths and The Eightfold Path
Do you know the 4 Noble Truths?
Life is full of suffering
There is a cause to suffering
Suffering is caused by selfish desire: wealths, possessions and power
There is an end to suffering
Follow the path to end suffering
What is the Eightfold path?
Right action
Right livelihood
Right effort
Right speech
Right mindfulness
Right concentration
Right understanding
Right intention
Nirvana - Escape the cycle to end suffering
What ideas/values did Confucius promote to build a successful country? Describe a relationship or government that Confucianism would approve of.
He valued purity and social harmony
He said that good virtue makes for the best people and rulers
What is something that came out of Greek culture that we still use today?
Math
Sculpture
Philosophy
Plays
Olympics
Democracy
Medicine
Why was the spread of Alexander the Great’s empire so important?
He brought geographical advances and helped shift civilization farther east
What were the different types of government Rome practiced?
Kingdom, Republic and an Empire
How did the Roman empire fall?
In 286 BCE Emporer Diocletisn split the empire into two parts, east and west. In the area that he ruled there were constant civil wars, and the emporers changed frequently. The government was disorganized and broken. Along with that the people suffered through plagues and hunger.
What came after it?
After all of this barbarians (anyone that didn’t speak Latin) tribes started fighting back, after a while they ended up taking over.
What is something we still use/see today that came from Rome?
Calendar
Cement
Aqueducts
Roads
Elements in surgery
Engineering
Why do we still see so much of Greek & Roman culture in our lives today?
In the United States we have a democracy.
Christianity went through a great deal of difficulty for multiple centuries where believers were persecuted by both the government and Roman society. What did this look like?
They would often be killed in front of families and friends, society mocked them, they were unexcepted and were often thought to be mocking the emperor.
What is a “martyr”?
Someone who is killed for their faith/beliefs
How did Christianity grow and change as time passed?
There are a lot of branches of Christianity, it grew farther from the more Jewish traditions and became molded around Roman society
How did the Great Schism of 1054 affect the growth of Christianity?
That was when the Catholic church broke off from the Orthodox Church
