World History Exam - Fall 2024

Question 1

What is necessary to have a civilization?

Answer 1

Agriculture
Urban centers (cities)
Centralized government
Complex division of labor
Division of people into social classes
Shared religious beliefs

Question 2

Where did some of the first civilizations develop?

Answer 2

Mesopotamia - 4000 BCE
Egypt - 3150 BCE
Indus Valley - 3300 BCE
China - 2000 BCE
Norte Chico - 3100 BCE
Olmec - 1500 BCE

Question 2

What made Mesopotamia unique here?

Answer 2

It was the first civilization to have writing

Question 3

What is a “city-state”?

Answer 3

City-state - a city that with its surrounding land makes a country (Vatican, Singapore)

Question 4

How is a city-state different from a country?

Answer 4

It was a kingdom that was a city, a country is a large portion of land and multiple cities

Question 5

What was the “Neolithic Revolution”?

Answer 5

It’s also called the Agricultural Revolution this is when more civilizations started settling down into one area, this way they could grow their own food

Question 6

What are the basics of Hinduism?

Answer 6

Cycle of Reincarnation and the Caste System

Question 7

What are the steps in the Cycle of Reincarnation?

Answer 7

Work harm at your Dharma (Dharma - your personal mural duties and vocation)
Depending on how good your life was you could be reincarnated. (You could get into a higher caste or in a lower caste if you were bad.)
Good behavior gives you good Karma (This determines how you are reborn)
Escape/Monksha - to leave the cycle and become one with the universe

Question 8

What is the Caste System?

Answer 8

It was the Indian “social ladder”. It determined what jobs you could have and who you could marry.

Question 9

What is the first or top step in the caste system? Who makes up this step?

Answer 9

Brahims, Priests and scholars

Question 10

What is the second step in the caste system? Who makes up this step?

Answer 10

Kshatriyers
warriors, nobels

Question 11

What is the third step in the caste system? Who makes up this step?

Answer 11

Vaishyas
Merchants, artists

Question 12

What is the fourth step in the caste system? Who makes up this step?

Answer 12

Shudras
Farmers and laborers

Question 13

What is the fifth step in the caste system? Who makes up this step?

Answer 13

Untouchables
Grave diggers, work in sewers

Question 14

Hindu culture is based on different levels of social standings: the caste system. How does that impact their day to day life?

Answer 14

They can’t marry anyone or get a job that is outside of their caste ranking

Question 15

Who was the Buddha?

Answer 15

He was an Indian prince that renounced his position and wealth to seek spiritual enlightenment

Question 16

What are the basics of Buddhism?

Answer 16

The Four Noble Truths and The Eightfold Path

Question 17

Do you know the 4 Noble Truths?

Answer 17

Life is full of suffering
There is a cause to suffering
Suffering is caused by selfish desire: wealths, possessions and power
There is an end to suffering
Follow the path to end suffering

Question 18

What is the Eightfold path?

Answer 18

Right action
Right livelihood
Right effort
Right speech
Right mindfulness
Right concentration
Right understanding
Right intention
Nirvana - Escape the cycle to end suffering

Question 19

What ideas/values did Confucius promote to build a successful country? Describe a relationship or government that Confucianism would approve of.

Answer 19

He valued purity and social harmony
He said that good virtue makes for the best people and rulers

Question 20

What is something that came out of Greek culture that we still use today?

Answer 20

Math
Sculpture
Philosophy
Plays
Olympics
Democracy
Medicine

Question 21

Why was the spread of Alexander the Great’s empire so important?

Answer 21

He brought geographical advances and helped shift civilization farther east

Question 22

What were the different types of government Rome practiced?

Answer 22

Kingdom, Republic and an Empire

Question 23

How did the Roman empire fall?

Answer 23

In 286 BCE Emporer Diocletisn split the empire into two parts, east and west. In the area that he ruled there were constant civil wars, and the emporers changed frequently. The government was disorganized and broken. Along with that the people suffered through plagues and hunger.

Question 24

What came after it?

Answer 24

After all of this barbarians (anyone that didn’t speak Latin) tribes started fighting back, after a while they ended up taking over.

Question 25

What is something we still use/see today that came from Rome?

Answer 25

Calendar
Cement
Aqueducts
Roads
Elements in surgery
Engineering

Question 26

Why do we still see so much of Greek & Roman culture in our lives today?

Answer 26

In the United States we have a democracy.

Question 27

Christianity went through a great deal of difficulty for multiple centuries where believers were persecuted by both the government and Roman society. What did this look like?

Answer 27

They would often be killed in front of families and friends, society mocked them, they were unexcepted and were often thought to be mocking the emperor.

Question 28

What is a “martyr”?

Answer 28

Someone who is killed for their faith/beliefs

Question 29

How did Christianity grow and change as time passed?

Answer 29

There are a lot of branches of Christianity, it grew farther from the more Jewish traditions and became molded around Roman society

Question 30

How did the Great Schism of 1054 affect the growth of Christianity?

Answer 30

That was when the Catholic church broke off from the Orthodox Church