World History & Economics Flashcards
1
Q
What is civilization?
A
Developments of communities of people living together.
2
Q
What are ancient civilizations?
A
Communities that first occurred and then grew into nations, states, and empires.
3
Q
What advancements are associated with Mesopotamia?
A
Ideas around centralized government and calendars built on moon cycles.
4
Q
Name three significant contributions of ancient Egypt.
A
- Hieroglyphics
- Alphabet paper calendar
- Large scale architecture
5
Q
What is one of the most famous structures built in ancient China?
A
Great Wall of China.
6
Q
List two inventions that originated in ancient China.
A
- Gunpowder/Fireworks
- Silk Road
7
Q
What significant archaeological find is associated with ancient China?
A
Terracotta Warriors.
8
Q
What system did ancient China develop for managing water?
A
Flood control system.
9
Q
What form of democracy did ancient Greece practice?
A
Direct democracy.
10
Q
What major conflict is associated with ancient Greece?
A
Persian War.
11
Q
What are two notable architectural achievements of ancient Greece?
A
- Parthenon
- Acropolis
12
Q
What sporting event originated in ancient Greece?
A
Olympics.
13
Q
What is one characteristic of ancient Greek pottery?
A
Decorative and functional designs.
14
Q
What type of democracy was established in ancient Rome?
A
Representative democracy.
15
Q
Name one architectural improvement made by the Romans.
A
Arch improvements.
16
Q
What type of art is associated with ancient Rome?
A
Mosaic art.
17
Q
What engineering feat did the Romans develop for transporting water?
A
Aqueducts.
18
Q
Who is known to have caused the fall of Rome?
A
Atilla the Hun.
19
Q
What civilization is associated with the Yucatan Peninsula?
A
Maya.
20
Q
List three advancements of the Maya civilization.
A
- Advanced agriculture (intercropping)
- Mathematics
- Astrology Calendar
21
Q
What is one of the major architectural features of the Maya?
A
Pyramids.
22
Q
What was a significant factor in the decline of the Maya civilization?
A
Abandoned major cities/mystery.
23
Q
Where was the Aztec civilization located?
A
Central Mexico.
24
Q
List two technological advancements of the Aztec civilization.
A
- Aqueducts (transport water)
- Chinampas (floating gardens)
25
What was a significant factor in the decline of the Aztec civilization?
Arrival of the Spanish and diseases.
26
Where did the Inca civilization thrive?
South America.
27
What agricultural technique is associated with the Inca?
Terrace farming.
28
What system did the Inca use for record keeping?
Quipus.
29
What was a significant factor in the decline of the Inca civilization?
Arrival of the Spanish and diseases.
30
31
What region did the Inca civilization primarily occupy?
South America
32
What agricultural technique was commonly used by the Inca?
Terrace Farming
33
What was a key method of communication and record keeping for the Inca?
Quipus
34
What mastery did the Inca civilization exhibit in construction?
Stone Mastery
35
What significant event contributed to the decline of the Inca civilization?
Arrival of the Spanish (early 16th cent)
36
What invention is considered the basis for the development of civilizations?
Farming
37
What does cross-cultural comparison involve?
2 or more cultural factors to help determine similarities and differences
38
What is one method of teaching diverse perspectives?
Two first-hand accounts on the same event, highlighting differences in perspectives
39
What fueled the rise of global culture in the 20th century?
Advancements in transportation and communication technologies
40
What is one consequence of increased cultural exchange due to globalization?
Cultural homogenization
## Footnote
Cultural homogenization refers to the reduction in cultural diversity as dominant cultural symbols, customs, ideas, and values spread and become popular, potentially leading to a more uniform global culture.
41
What is cultural homogenization?
The spread of dominant cultures can lead to the erosion of local traditions and cultural diversity
42
How can globalization exacerbate economic inequality?
Some regions and populations benefit more than others
43
What environmental problem can arise from increased consumption associated with globalization?
Pollution and climate change
44
What can globalization lead to regarding labor in developing countries?
Labor Exploitation
## Footnote
Labor exploitation is a broad term that is used to explain a variety of unfair forms of work where an employer benefits from unethical or illegal treatment of their employees
45
What threat does globalization pose to national sovereignty?
## Footnote
the principle that a state has the full right and power to govern itself without external interference, encompassing political independence, self-determination, and autonomy.
Questions about the ability of nations to control their own affairs
46
What can exposure to different cultures lead to?
The rise of stereotypes regarding members of a particular culture
47
How did the Athenian definition of 'citizens' differ from modern definitions?
Only free men were considered citizens in Athens
48
Who were excluded from citizenship in ancient Athens?
Women, children, and slaves
49
What was the process for selecting citizens in ancient Athens?
Each year 500 names were chosen from all the citizens
50
What contrasting approaches are highlighted when comparing Athens and Sparta?
Democracy vs. authoritarianism, military focus vs. intellectual pursuits, individual freedom vs. societal control
51
What is the study of how people provide goods/services, distribute these goods/services, and use other resources to fill needs/wants?
Economic Concepts
## Footnote
This encompasses the analysis of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
52
What type of economy is characterized by decisions made by individuals and limited government?
Free Market Economy
## Footnote
Also known as 'free enterprise', this system relies on supply and demand.
53
In a command economy, who controls the decisions regarding production and prices?
The government
## Footnote
The state owns and controls the means of production and resources.
54
What economic system combines elements of both free market and command economies?
Mixed Economy
## Footnote
In this system, the government and private sector co-exist with varying degrees of government involvement.
55
What roles does the government play in economics?
* Provides a legal framework
* Maintains competition
* Provides public goods and services
* Redistributes income
* Corrects for externalities
* Stabilizes the economy
## Footnote
Economic conditions influence government actions and priorities.
56
Define interdependence in economic terms.
A relationship between groups where one relies on the other to provide goods/services.
57
What does scarcity refer to in economics?
When the demand for a good is greater than the supply
## Footnote
It is the fundamental problem that drives economic activity.
58
What is specialization in an economic context?
A focus on a specific job to make work more efficient.
59
List the types of resources used to make goods/services.
* Human: labor
* Natural: land
* Capital: machinery, tools, buildings
* Entrepreneurship: land, labor, and capital
## Footnote
Resources are essential for production.
60
What is the Free Enterprise System dependent on?
* Government intervention to protect private property
* Ensuring contracts are followed
* Creating fair/competitive markets
* Infrastructure for commerce/industry
## Footnote
The Federal Reserve Bank plays a crucial role in regulating the economy.
61
What is supply in economic terms?
The quantity of a good available.
62
What is demand in economic context?
The interest in those goods/services.
63
What are the types of economic activity?
* Agriculture: grow crops/raise animals
* Retail: sale of goods and services to consumers
* Manufacturing goods
* Service Industries: supplies to consumers without manufacturing
## Footnote
Economic activities are essential for understanding market dynamics.
64
What does LEI stand for in economic measurement?
Leading Economic Indicator
## Footnote
It provides clues on where the economy is heading.
65
What does GDP stand for and what does it measure?
Gross Domestic Product; it measures the total value of goods/services in a given time.
66
What does GNP stand for and what does it measure?
Gross National Product; it measures the total value of all finished goods/services produced by a country's citizens in a fiscal year.
67
During which historical period were centralized command economies prevalent?
Antiquity: Classical Era 600BC-500AD.
68
What economic system was characterized by wealthy landowners controlling those who lived and worked on their lands?
Federalism during the Middle Ages (500-1500).
69
What economic concept focuses on exports and limits imports?
Mercantilism in the Early Modern Era (1500-1700).
70
What characterized the Industrial Revolution (1700-1900)?
* Factory system of work
* Dominance of machines and manufacturing
* Shift of labor from agriculture/mercantile work to factories
## Footnote
This period saw significant changes in economic structures and labor patterns.
71
What significant economic events occurred in the 20th Century (1900-2000)?
* Highest GDP growth since the 1960s
* Tech boom
* Mega shipping improvements
## Footnote
These factors contributed to global economic dynamics.
72
What does microeconomics focus on?
Individual units like households and firms.
73
What does macroeconomics focus on?
The economy as a whole, including national policies, inflation, and employment trends.
74
A prolonged conflict, rooted in the Cold War with communist or Vietnam, backed by the Soviet Union in China, finding it South Vietnam, supported by the United States, ultimately, resulting in a communist victory in the reunification of Vietnam
Vietnam War
1955-1975
