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World History Freshmen > World History - Chapter 8 > Flashcards

World History - Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was 3 ways Augustus improved Rome?

A

Shrank the Size of the Army & Raised its Pay, Fought Corruption, and Improved Life for Ordinary People

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2
Q

Who was considered to be the ideal or perfect emperor?

A

Augustus

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3
Q

Who was Augustus’s Adopted son?

A

Tiberius

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4
Q

What protected Rome from Scotland?

A

Hadrian’s Wall

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5
Q

What did Hadrian’s Wall do?

A

It protected Roman England from the tribes who lived in Scotland

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6
Q

What was the most valuable contribution of Roman architects to the world today?

A

Concrete

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7
Q

What channels moved water over land?

A

Aqueducts

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8
Q

What was Nero known for?

A

Burned much of Roman & played the fiddle while he watched the city burn

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9
Q

What is known as Roman Peace?

A

Pax Romana

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10
Q

Who were the first & only empire to untie all the territories that border the Mediterranean?

A

The Romans

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11
Q

Which direction did the Romans try to expand?

Who stopped the Romans from expanding?

A

East and The Persian Empire

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12
Q

What was the Roman Roads mainly used for?

A

They were used for the Roman Soldiers to travel on

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13
Q

What are 3 ways The Roman Roads improved the Empire?

A

Speeding up Communications, Made Trade More Efficient, and Helped get Food & Supplies to other areas faster

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14
Q

What led to provincial farmers selling grain to Rome?

A

Roman Farming

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15
Q

What currency made it easier to conduct long-distance trade?

A

Stable Currency

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16
Q

What Roman province were most Jews lived & where Christianity had its beginnings?

A

Judea

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17
Q

Who were Jews who resisted the Romans by force?

A

Zealots

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18
Q

Who was a Jewish group who observed Jewish law?

A

Pharisees

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19
Q

Who was a Jewish group who came from the elite?

A

Sadducees

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20
Q

What was the recorded life and teachings of Jesus?

A

The Gospels

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21
Q

Where was Jesus baptized, and by which prophet?

A

By John in the Jordan River

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22
Q

Who did Jesus became known for championship for?

A

The poor & Outcasts

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23
Q

What holiday did Jesus arrive at Jerusalem to celebrate?

A

The Passover

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24
Q

Who had Jesus arrested?

A

Pontius Pilate

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25
Q

In how many days did Jesus come back?

A

3 days

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26
Q

What is it called when Jesus came back?

A

The Resurrection

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27
Q

What did Jews believe Jesus was?

A

The Messiah

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28
Q

Who is one of Jesus’ 12 disciples?

A

Peter

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29
Q

Who, at first, opposed to Christians until Jesus visited him & told him to spread Christianity.

A

Paul

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30
Q

How much of the text of the New Testament comes from Paul’s epistles?

A

Almost Half

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31
Q

What are 3 reasons that Christianity spread so Quickly?

A

Roman Roads, Most people could speak & Read Greek, and Christian Ideas appealed to so many people

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32
Q

What was one reason Romans opposed Christianity at First?

A

Because they thought that the old gods were going to get angry

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33
Q

Christian Persecution by Rome began with the Roman Emperor of Who?

A

Nero

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34
Q

Who are those who died for their beliefs?

A

Martyrs

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35
Q

Which Roman Emperor ended the persecution of Christians?

A

Constantine

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36
Q

Which Roman Emperor adopted Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire?

A

Theodosius

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37
Q

What was a new set of writings by Christians?

A

The New Testament

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38
Q

What language was The New Testament in?

A

Greek

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39
Q

What are stories with a Moral?

A

Parables

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40
Q

What are formal letters?

A

Epistles

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41
Q

Where was Most Epistles sent?

A

They were sent to explain Christian teachings

42
Q

Who wrote many epistles?

A

Paul

43
Q

What was the last book of the New Testament?

A

REVELATION

44
Q

What is “The Golden Rule”?

A

It states people should “treat others as they would like to be treated”

45
Q

What are the two largest single groups of Christianity?

A

Roman Catholicism & Orthodoxy

46
Q

What are the common elements of Judaism & Christianity?

A

Judeo-Christian Tradition

47
Q

What are places where people from different cultures meet?

A

Site of Encounter

48
Q

What was a religion from Persia?

A

Mithraism

49
Q

What were 3 ways Roman Government Spread Greco-Roman Culture?

A

Roman Roads, Allowing More People to become Roman Citizens, and The Roman Army

50
Q

What is a design formed with small tiles?

A

Mosaics

51
Q

What other languages became known as the Romance Languages?

A

Spanish, Italian, French, & Portuguese

52
Q

Who wrote the book Parallel Lives?

A

Plutarch

53
Q

Who was an astronomer & mathematician whose book Almagest shaped the way astronomers viewed the universe?

A

Ptolemy

54
Q

Who was the best-known physician in the Roman Empire?

A

Galen

55
Q

What did Galen discover?

A

Arteries & Veins that carried blood

56
Q

Who were the fighters in Gladiatorial Games?

A

Gladiators or “Swordsmen”

57
Q

Where were the Gladiatorial Games held?

A

In the Colosseum

58
Q

What was the most popular event?

A

Chariot Races

59
Q

Where did Chariot Races take place?

A

Circus Maximus

60
Q

What was the name given to Rome’s WRITTEN law code?

A

The Twelve Tables

61
Q

What did Roman law develop into?

A

Civil Law

62
Q

Whos death marked the end of the Pax Romana?

A

Marcus Aueralius

63
Q

What did Marcus’s death mark?

A

The end of the Pax Romana

64
Q

What are 4 Reasons for the End of the Roman Empire?

A

Lack of Income From New Territories, Widespread Corruption, General Lack of Education, and Depopulation from Epidemics

65
Q

What is a general resorted peace?

A

Severus

66
Q

Between 235-284, What is that period called?

A

The Imperial Crisis

67
Q

What created massive economic problems?

A

Civil Wars

68
Q

Who raided Roman lands in the East?

A

Sassanian Persians

69
Q

What did Romans call Germans?

A

Barbarians

70
Q

What would be the emperor who would unite the empire once again?

A

Diocletian

71
Q

Who were soldiers who fight for pay rather than coutry?

A

Mercenaries

72
Q

What was Diocletian’s Most Important Contribution?

A

Dividing the Roman Empire into Two halves

73
Q

Who were a dangerous group of horsemen?

A

The Huns

74
Q

Who was the Hun leader?

A

Attila

75
Q

Who crossed the Danube River?

A

The German Goths

76
Q

What River did the German Goths cross?

A

The Danube River

77
Q

What are differences between the Byzantines & Romans?

A
  1. They did not control the city of Rome most of the time, 2. Most of the empire’s people were Christians, unlike Rome, 3. Byzantines spoke Greek, not Latin.
78
Q

Why was Constantinople easier to defend than Rome?

A
  1. It was built on a Peninsula, 2. The city was surrounded by water on 3 sides, 3. Had two rings of thick walls & a moat, protecting the city on land.
79
Q

What made Constantinople an ideal trading center?

A

Strategic Location & Good harbors

80
Q

Who was Justinian?

A

He was the Byzantine emperor who led the revival for the former glory and power of the Roman Empire

81
Q

What meant “Holy Wisdom”?

A

Church of Hagia Sophia

82
Q

What did the Byzantine Military use?

A

Greek Fire

83
Q

Who captured Constantinople?

A

The Ottoman Turks

84
Q

What were TWO ways Byzantine culture spread?

A
  1. Attracting Visitors to Constantinople, 2. Eastern Orthodox
85
Q

Who founded the group of Rus?

A

Vikings

86
Q

How did Rus maintain a powerful state?

A

By controlling the Trade Routes

87
Q

What was considered the “Third Rome”?

A

The Russian Empire

88
Q

What was the title of Russian emperors?

A

“Tsar of Czar”

89
Q

What are FOUR parts of the Justinian code.

A
  1. The Code, 2. The Digest, 3. The Institutes, 4. The Novella
90
Q

What are TWO ways the Justinian code helped Women?

A
  1. Greater benefit women in divorce, 2. Christian women could own property equal to their dowry
91
Q

Who was the most powerful & important people of the Curia?

A

Cardinals

92
Q

What did Cardinals do?

A

They advised the Pope on LEGAL and SPIRITUAL matters

93
Q

What was the split of the Christians Church?

A

The great Schism

94
Q

What did the Pope do?

A

The Pope did NOT take orders from any Secular leaders

95
Q

What was the collection of laws of the Roman Empire?

A

The Justinian Code

96
Q

What are the holy pictures of Jesus?

A

Icons

97
Q

What means “Image Breakers”?

A

Iconoclasts

98
Q

What were the most important Christian leaders?

A

Bishops

99
Q

Who holds supreme authority in the Catholic Church?

A

The Pope

100
Q

What is a group counselors drawn from the highest ranks of the clergy?

A

Curia

World History Freshmen (3 decks)

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