World History - Chapter 8 Flashcards
What was 3 ways Augustus improved Rome?
Shrank the Size of the Army & Raised its Pay, Fought Corruption, and Improved Life for Ordinary People
Who was considered to be the ideal or perfect emperor?
Augustus
Who was Augustus’s Adopted son?
Tiberius
What protected Rome from Scotland?
Hadrian’s Wall
What did Hadrian’s Wall do?
It protected Roman England from the tribes who lived in Scotland
What was the most valuable contribution of Roman architects to the world today?
Concrete
What channels moved water over land?
Aqueducts
What was Nero known for?
Burned much of Roman & played the fiddle while he watched the city burn
What is known as Roman Peace?
Pax Romana
Who were the first & only empire to untie all the territories that border the Mediterranean?
The Romans
Which direction did the Romans try to expand?
Who stopped the Romans from expanding?
East and The Persian Empire
What was the Roman Roads mainly used for?
They were used for the Roman Soldiers to travel on
What are 3 ways The Roman Roads improved the Empire?
Speeding up Communications, Made Trade More Efficient, and Helped get Food & Supplies to other areas faster
What led to provincial farmers selling grain to Rome?
Roman Farming
What currency made it easier to conduct long-distance trade?
Stable Currency
What Roman province were most Jews lived & where Christianity had its beginnings?
Judea
Who were Jews who resisted the Romans by force?
Zealots
Who was a Jewish group who observed Jewish law?
Pharisees
Who was a Jewish group who came from the elite?
Sadducees
What was the recorded life and teachings of Jesus?
The Gospels
Where was Jesus baptized, and by which prophet?
By John in the Jordan River
Who did Jesus became known for championship for?
The poor & Outcasts
What holiday did Jesus arrive at Jerusalem to celebrate?
The Passover
Who had Jesus arrested?
Pontius Pilate
In how many days did Jesus come back?
3 days
What is it called when Jesus came back?
The Resurrection
What did Jews believe Jesus was?
The Messiah
Who is one of Jesus’ 12 disciples?
Peter
Who, at first, opposed to Christians until Jesus visited him & told him to spread Christianity.
Paul
How much of the text of the New Testament comes from Paul’s epistles?
Almost Half
What are 3 reasons that Christianity spread so Quickly?
Roman Roads, Most people could speak & Read Greek, and Christian Ideas appealed to so many people
What was one reason Romans opposed Christianity at First?
Because they thought that the old gods were going to get angry
Christian Persecution by Rome began with the Roman Emperor of Who?
Nero
Who are those who died for their beliefs?
Martyrs
Which Roman Emperor ended the persecution of Christians?
Constantine
Which Roman Emperor adopted Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire?
Theodosius
What was a new set of writings by Christians?
The New Testament
What language was The New Testament in?
Greek
What are stories with a Moral?
Parables
What are formal letters?
Epistles
Where was Most Epistles sent?
They were sent to explain Christian teachings
Who wrote many epistles?
Paul
What was the last book of the New Testament?
REVELATION
What is “The Golden Rule”?
It states people should “treat others as they would like to be treated”
What are the two largest single groups of Christianity?
Roman Catholicism & Orthodoxy
What are the common elements of Judaism & Christianity?
Judeo-Christian Tradition
What are places where people from different cultures meet?
Site of Encounter
What was a religion from Persia?
Mithraism
What were 3 ways Roman Government Spread Greco-Roman Culture?
Roman Roads, Allowing More People to become Roman Citizens, and The Roman Army
What is a design formed with small tiles?
Mosaics
What other languages became known as the Romance Languages?
Spanish, Italian, French, & Portuguese
Who wrote the book Parallel Lives?
Plutarch
Who was an astronomer & mathematician whose book Almagest shaped the way astronomers viewed the universe?
Ptolemy
Who was the best-known physician in the Roman Empire?
Galen
What did Galen discover?
Arteries & Veins that carried blood
Who were the fighters in Gladiatorial Games?
Gladiators or “Swordsmen”
Where were the Gladiatorial Games held?
In the Colosseum
What was the most popular event?
Chariot Races
Where did Chariot Races take place?
Circus Maximus
What was the name given to Rome’s WRITTEN law code?
The Twelve Tables
What did Roman law develop into?
Civil Law
Whos death marked the end of the Pax Romana?
Marcus Aueralius
What did Marcus’s death mark?
The end of the Pax Romana
What are 4 Reasons for the End of the Roman Empire?
Lack of Income From New Territories, Widespread Corruption, General Lack of Education, and Depopulation from Epidemics
What is a general resorted peace?
Severus
Between 235-284, What is that period called?
The Imperial Crisis
What created massive economic problems?
Civil Wars
Who raided Roman lands in the East?
Sassanian Persians
What did Romans call Germans?
Barbarians
What would be the emperor who would unite the empire once again?
Diocletian
Who were soldiers who fight for pay rather than coutry?
Mercenaries
What was Diocletian’s Most Important Contribution?
Dividing the Roman Empire into Two halves
Who were a dangerous group of horsemen?
The Huns
Who was the Hun leader?
Attila
Who crossed the Danube River?
The German Goths
What River did the German Goths cross?
The Danube River
What are differences between the Byzantines & Romans?
- They did not control the city of Rome most of the time, 2. Most of the empire’s people were Christians, unlike Rome, 3. Byzantines spoke Greek, not Latin.
Why was Constantinople easier to defend than Rome?
- It was built on a Peninsula, 2. The city was surrounded by water on 3 sides, 3. Had two rings of thick walls & a moat, protecting the city on land.
What made Constantinople an ideal trading center?
Strategic Location & Good harbors
Who was Justinian?
He was the Byzantine emperor who led the revival for the former glory and power of the Roman Empire
What meant “Holy Wisdom”?
Church of Hagia Sophia
What did the Byzantine Military use?
Greek Fire
Who captured Constantinople?
The Ottoman Turks
What were TWO ways Byzantine culture spread?
- Attracting Visitors to Constantinople, 2. Eastern Orthodox
Who founded the group of Rus?
Vikings
How did Rus maintain a powerful state?
By controlling the Trade Routes
What was considered the “Third Rome”?
The Russian Empire
What was the title of Russian emperors?
“Tsar of Czar”
What are FOUR parts of the Justinian code.
- The Code, 2. The Digest, 3. The Institutes, 4. The Novella
What are TWO ways the Justinian code helped Women?
- Greater benefit women in divorce, 2. Christian women could own property equal to their dowry
Who was the most powerful & important people of the Curia?
Cardinals
What did Cardinals do?
They advised the Pope on LEGAL and SPIRITUAL matters
What was the split of the Christians Church?
The great Schism
What did the Pope do?
The Pope did NOT take orders from any Secular leaders
What was the collection of laws of the Roman Empire?
The Justinian Code
What are the holy pictures of Jesus?
Icons
What means “Image Breakers”?
Iconoclasts
What were the most important Christian leaders?
Bishops
Who holds supreme authority in the Catholic Church?
The Pope
What is a group counselors drawn from the highest ranks of the clergy?
Curia
