World History Chapter 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Archaeology
A
The study of past societies through analysis of what people left behind. Tools, weapons, art, and even buildings.
2
Q
Prehistory
A
The time before writing was developed.
3
Q
Anthropology
A
The study of human life and culture. Culture includes what people wear how they organize a society and what they value.
4
Q
Neolithic Revolution
A
The shift from hunting and gathering to farming in various parts of the world
5
Q
A reliable source of meat, milk and wool resulted from.
A
The domestication of animals
6
Q
When humans first settled in farming villages their lives became more complex
A
Lives. Cultures. Societies.
7
Q
Where did all of the first Known large civilizations develop? (where people could develop a large-scale farming needed to feed of large population)
A
River Valleys
8
Q
During the Neolithic Revolution Siemens had a strong impact on the environment. For example they caused?
A
Deforestation
9
Q
In neolithic societies women lost equal status to male dominated systems also called…
A
Patriarchs. Or patriarchal society
10
Q
The Neolithic Revolution was followed by which one of these periods
A
Bronze age
11
Q
The meaning of Paliolithic
A
Old Stone Age.
12
Q
The use of metal tools mark the end of the Neolithic age and a
A
New level of human control over the environment and its resources
13
Q
The change that led to all other changes in the Neolithic Revolution was the
A
Change in the method of obtaining food
14
Q
The meaning of Mesolithic
A
Middle
15
Q
The meaning of Neolithic
A
New
16
Q
The most complete definition of a civilization
A
A complex culture in which a large number of humans share elements in common
17
Q
A skilled worker who makes goods by hand is called what
A
An artisan
18
Q
What is the term for a human made object
A
Artifact
19
Q
Historians consider the first civilization been that of the?
A
Sumerians
20
Q
A famous discovery of cave painting was made near the French town of?
A
Lascaux
21
Q
The agricultural villages noticed Catal Huyuk was best known for which characteristic?
A
Strong social organization
22
Q
One common result of the transition from nomadic hunting and gathering to settled agricultural villages was which of these?
A
Diseases spread to humans from animals
23
Q
People cut trees or grasses and burn them to clear fields for planting crops in this form of agriculture?
A
Slash and Burn
24
Q
Pastoralism
A
The type of animal husbandry that involves the herding of animals from place to place
25
Define culture
The way of life a people follows
26
Civilization
A complex culture in which large numbers of people share a number of common elements such as social structure, religion, and art.
27
Prehistory
The time before history was written down
28
Archaeology
The study of past societies through analysis of what people left behind. Archaeologist dig up an exam and artifacts made by humans. Tools, weapons, art, and buildings
29
Anthropology
The study of human life and culture. It includes what people wear, how they organize your society, and what they value.
30
Hominid
A human like creature that walked upright. lived in Africa 4 million years ago
31
Name two types of hominids
Homohabilis and Homoerectus
32
Homohabilis
A hominid. Handy human. Used stone tools. Lived 2.5 to 1.6 million years ago. Developed a somewhat larger brain.
33
Homo erectus
A hominid. Means up right human. Lived1.5 million years ago. Walked on two legs in modern human proportion. Probably the first hominid to leave Africa.
34
How long ago did Homo sapiens live?
250,000 years ago
35
What does Homo sapien mean?
Why is human. Showed rapid brain growth. Mastered fire.
36
What does Homo sapiens sapiens mean?
Wise wise human.
37
When did Homo sapiens sapiens live?
Between 200,000 and 150,000 years ago. They left Africa replacing populations of early hominids in Europe and Asia.
38
Out of Africa Theory
100,000 years ago Homo sapiens sapiens spread out of Africa to other parts of the world replacing populations of early hominids in Europe and Asia
39
Neanderthals
A hominid. Remains have been found in Europe and turkey. Neanderthal seem to be the first early people to bury their dead. They live between 200,000 BC and 30,000 BC. By 30,000 BC Homo sapiens sapiens had replaced the Neanderthals probably as a result of conflict.
40
Today all humans belong to the same subgroup of human beings which group is this?
Homo sapiens sapiens
41
How did the first humans adapt to survive?
Human species have the ability to make tools.
42
In which age did early humans gather and hunt for their food?
Paliolithic Age
43
Humans and other humanlike creatures that walk upright are called
Hominids
44
This theory is also called the replacement Theory
Out of Africa theory
45
To remain alive or in existence is to
Survive
46
Name 4 characteristics of Paliolithic Age
```
2.5million to 10,000 BC
Hunters and gatherers.
Used sound tools.
Nomads.
Used Fire.
Lived through the Ice Age.
Made cave paintings.
```
47
Lascaux (Lascoh)
A cave in Southern France where Paliolithic age cave paintings were found
48
Homo sapiens sapiens overtook the Neanderthals living in Europe based on what Theory?
Out of Africa theory
49
Anthropologist an archaeologist learn about prehistory through the study of human life a fat artifacts and other things people left behind. True or false?
True.
50
How did the first humans adapt to survive?
They learn to gather and hunt for food.
They learn to make tools.
They mastered fire.
51
The transition of humans from nomadic hunters to farmers and herders is part of the ----- revolution?
NeoLithic Revolution
52
Systematic agriculture developed during what age?
Neolithic age
53
What is the Neolithic Revolution?
The transition of humans to farmers and herders.
The development of traditional economy is based on agriculture and trade.
It happened at the end of the last Ice Age.
About 8000 BC.
54
When humans started to keep animals and grow food on a regular basis it was called?
Systematic agriculture
55
Systematic agriculture was a characteristic of what age?
The Neolithic age
56
Some historians believe that the Neolithic Revolution was the single most important development in human history true or false?
True
57
The definition of revolution?
A sudden complete change.
58
Name 4 patterns results of systematic agriculture
The taming of animals.
Farming or food production.
settled communities. Because there was
enough food meant humans had more control over their lives.
59
Describe the Mesiolithic Age.
Called the middle stone age.
10,000 BC to 7000.
Food producing economy.
Systematic agriculture developed.
60
Name two examples of Neolithic farming villages
Jericho near the Dead Sea.
| Catalhoyuk in Turkey
61
Give 4 characteritics of catalhuyuk, the Neolithic farming village in Turkey.
6000 inhabitants. Religion. Artisans. Trade. Specialization of labor. A surplus of food.
62
A role?
A socially expected behavior pattern.
63
Artisan?
A skilled worker who makes products such as weapons and jewelry.
64
What was the first metal to be used in making tools around 4000 BC?
Copper
65
Describe four characteristics of the bronze age
Use of bronze in making tools.
3000 BC to 1200 BC.
Large villages developed in Mesopotamia Egypt India and China
66
Where and when did systematic agriculture develop?
Between 8000 BC and 5000 BC.
| In various parts of the world, including Southwest Asia, Europe, Egypt, Africa, China, Mexico, Central America
67
What is the difference between a culture and a civilization?
A civilization is made up of a complex culture.
68
List six of the most important characteristics of the civilization
```
Cities
government
religion
social structure
writing
art
```
69
Priests
Powerful people who supervise rituals to please gods and goddesses. In early urban civilization
70
True or false Mesopotamians develop a complex economic political and social structures?
True
71
Where did civilization begin?
Mesopotamia
72
Where was the Tigres and Euphrates river valley?
In Mesopotamia
73
Mesopotamia means
The land between the rivers
74
Who were the creators of the first Mesopotamian civilization?
The Sumerians
75
How did the people in the Fertile Crescent adapt their environment?
They could not predict the floods so they learned to control the flow of the rivers with irrigation and drainage ditches.
An abundance of food allowed many people to live together in cities and civilization emerged.
76
Mesopotamian civilization refers to people from three general areas
Assyria
Akkad
Sumer (Sumerians)
77
Which Mesopotamian civilization developed city-states?
Sumerians
78
City-State
A state with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside
79
How did religious beliefs influence the organization of Sumerian society?
People looked to religion to answer the questions about life. Gods and goddesses controlled all aspects of the universe.
80
Mesopotamia religion was polytheistic which means
A belief in many gods. Mesopotamians had nearly 3000 gods
81
Ziggurat Tower
A temple built atop a stepped tower dedicated to the chief god or goddess in Sumeria.
82
Where is the Fertile Crescent?
Between the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian golf. It includes Mesopotamia and the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
83
What structures were built to manage the Euphrates river?
Irrigation and drainage ditches
84
To whom was the ziggurat dedicated?
The chief god or goddess in a Sumerian city.
85
Invention
A new idea, method or device
86
Theocracy
A government established by define or authority or by the gods
87
Was Sumerian a theocracy or a government established by the gods?
Yes.
88
Transport
The moving of goods or people
89
True or false the wheel was invented by the Sumerians around 3000 BC?
True. The wheel made the transport of goods much easier.
90
Samarian city states contain three major social groups
Nobles. Commoners. Slaves.
91
The best way to describe Paliolithic people and their way of life is by calling them
Nomads
92
Which is the study of past societies do an analysis of what people have left behind?
Archaeology
93
Primary source
And I witness. The first want to see it happen or been there to see it
94
True or false an archaeologist my analyze remains of stone weapons to learn about prehistoric hunting?
True
95
During the Paleolithic age only men had to find and acquire food therefore it is likely that there was in equality between men and women true or false
False. Men hunted and women gathered berries to eat
96
True or false Homo habilitation is called "handyman" because this early human may have used stone tools?
True
97
True or false, during the Paleolithic age humans were mainly farmers and lived in small villages?
False. During the Paleolithic age humans were mainly hunters and gatherers and were nomads
98
True or false Paleolithic people acted to alter their natural environment. For example many large animals became extinct shortly after humans arrived.
True
99
Mesopotamian civilization refers to people from three general areas
Akkad
Assyria
Sumer
100
As a number of Samarian city states grew in the city states expanded what two things happened?
1. City states fought each other for control of land and water.
2. City states were open to invasion by other groups because they were located on flatland
101
What were the contributions of Sargon and his group the Acadians?
They set up the first empire in world history by overrunning the Sumerian city states
102
What is an empire?
A large political unit or state.
Usually under a single leader.
Controls many peoples or territories.
103
Would you say that the Sumerians have an advanced Civilization and were innovative?
Yes.
They had a complex civilization
they created the wheel to transport goods easily
They created a form of writing, Cuneiform
They were the first to make bronze out of copper
They had achievements in math and astronomy
104
Who created the first system of writing called cuneiform?
The Sumerians created this wedge-shaped system of writing around 3000 BC
