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History Ch. 3 And Mesopotamia Flashcards

1
Q

What were the basic political units of Samarian civilization

A

City states

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2
Q

All of the early River Valley civilizations believed in monotheism or polytheism

A

Polytheism

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3
Q

The most prominent temple and building in a Samarian city was known as

A

Ziggurat

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4
Q

What were the two most common natural disasters for Mesopotamian people

A

Flood and drought

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5
Q

The epic of Gilgamesh was a story about life that showed WHAT was important to Mesopotamians

A

God and the fragile nature of life

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6
Q

Which civilization gave us the earliest writing in the Mesopotamian era and the wheel?

A

Sumeria

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7
Q

Which was the only civilization in the ancient River Valley to develop city states

A

Sumer or the Sumerians

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8
Q

How did the ancient Samarian modify their environment to increase food production

A

Through digging irrigation canals

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9
Q

Hieroglyphics and cuneiform provided for the basis for the development of what?

A

Recorded history

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10
Q

What was the name of the ancient Sumerian’s writing system?

A

Cuneiform

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11
Q

Which group was north of the Samarian city states

A

The Akkadians

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12
Q

What does Mesopotamia mean

A

Land between the rivers

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13
Q

What is an Empire?

A

A large political unit or state.
Usually under a single leader.
Controls many peoples or territories.

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14
Q

As the number of Sumerian city states grew what two things happened?

A

City states fought each other for control of land and water.

City states were open to invasion by other groups

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15
Q

What were the contributions of Sargon and the Akkadians?

A

They set up the first empire in world history

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16
Q

True or false? Empires are often easy to create but they can be difficult to maintain?

A

True

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17
Q

Is the rise and fall of empires an important part of history?

A

Yes

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18
Q

Who was Sargon?

A

leader of the Akkadians

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19
Q

In the new Akkadian empire who did Sargon use to govern the city states?

A

The former rulers of the Conquered city states of Sumeria.

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20
Q

The Acadian empire was what kind of government?

A

A military government

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21
Q

How did Sargon establish and rule his empire?

A

Military

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22
Q

Who was Naram-Sin?

A

Sargon’s successor and grandson

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23
Q

What was Naram-Sin’s nickname

A

King of the four corners of the universe

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24
Q

What was the cause of the fall of the Akkadian empire

A

Attacks from neighbors.

the empire fell by 2150 BC

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25
When was the Acadian empire established
2340 BC
26
What year did the Akkadian empire fall
2150 BC
27
What was the significance of Hammurabi's codification of laws?
Based on a system of strict justice. Penalties for criminal offenses were severe. Penalties according to the social class of the victim. The principle of retaliation "eye for an eye tooth for tooth" It established consumer protection laws
28
True or false? After the end of the Akkadian empire there was a return to independent city states in Mesopotamia?
True
29
After a long period of warfare among city states what new empire arose?
Babylon
30
Empire
A large political unit or state usually under a single leader the controls many peoples our territories
31
Successor
One who follows, especially one who succeeds to throne or Office
32
Method
A systematic plan for doing something
33
Who was Hammurabi?
King of Babylon came to power in 1792 BC
34
What city states became part of Babylon under Hammurabi
The city States of Sumer and Akkad
35
What kind of weapon said Hammurabi's army Carry.
Axis fears and copper or bronze daggers
36
What was Hammurabi's method to gain control of the other city states
He divided his opponents and subdued them one by one
37
Hammurabi gave himself a nickname
The Sun of Babylon...The king who caused the four quarters of the world to render obedience
38
What happened after the death of Hammurabi in 1750 BC
A series of weak Kings were unable to keep the Empire United and it fell to new invaders
39
What are consumer protection laws
Builders were held responsible for the building they constructed
40
Patriarchal
Dominated by men
41
Was Mesopotamian society patriarchal or matriarchal
Patriarchal it was dominated by men
42
In Babylon if someone competitor committed a robbery, what what is the punishment?
Death
43
If a man rented his boat to seller and the seller wrecked the boat what was the punishment
The sailor gave the owner of the boat another boat
44
If a man wanted to leave his wife and children what did he have to give them
He had to give the wife gallery and use of the field garden and property so that she could raise her children
45
Under Hammurabi's code if a son hit his father what was the punishment?
His hand was cut off
46
Under Hammurabi's code if a man put out the eye have another man what was his punishment
His eye should be put out
47
Under Hammurabi's code if the builder built the house and the house he built fall on its owner and kill them what what is the punishment to the builder
Death
48
What does Mesopotamia mean
The land between two rivers
49
What two rivers provided fertile soil in Mesopotamia
Euphrates and Tigres Rivers
50
List the three general areas of Mesopotamia
Akkad Assyria Sumer
51
Who are the creators of the first Mesopotamian civilization
Sumerians
52
How did people in the Fertile Crescent adapt their environment
By digging drainage ditches and creating irrigation systems, trading and making mud bricks
53
When did Sumerians establish city states in southern Mesopotamia
3000 BC
54
List three city states in southern Mesopotamia
Uri Eridu Uruk
55
Why is Uruk important
It was encircled by a wall 6 miles long with the fence towers located every 30 to 35 feet along the wall. There was about 50,000 people
56
What were building is made of and why
Sun-dried bricks. These materials were plentiful. They didn't have wood or stone
57
What is a Ziggurat
A tower or temple dedicated to the chief god or goddess in a Sumerian city
58
Describe the religious beliefs of people living in Mesopotamia
Polytheistic they believed in many gods
59
Sumeria was a theocracy. Define theocracy
A government established by defined authority. The gods ruled
60
How did religious beliefs influence the organization of Sumerian society
The Sumerians believed religion answered all their questions about life. The king had divine right to rule.
61
Economy and Sumer was based on
Trade and agriculture and barter
62
What does barter mean
Barter is a form of trade that involves trading one good for another good.
63
Define transport
The moving of goods or people
64
When did the Sumerians invent the wheel
Around 3000 BC
65
Ziggurat
A massive stepped tower and which was built a temple dedicated to the chief god or goddess in the Sumerian city
66
Sumerian City states contain three major social groups
Nobles. Commoners. Slaves.
67
The group of nobles in a Sumerian society included
Royal and priestly officials and their families
68
Who were the commoners
They work for palace and temple of the states and his farmers merchants fishers and crafts people. probably 90% or more of the people were farmers
69
Who were slaves
Slaves along the palace officials
70
Define invention
A new idea, method, or device.
71
What is cuneiform
Wedge shaped, a system of writing developed by the Sumerians using a read stylist to create wedge-shaped impressions on a clay tablet. Used primarily for record-keeping
72
What did people use writing for
Primarily for record keeping. Cuneiform text were used in schools to train scribes keep records to pass along knowledge from person-to-person and from generation to generation. It also lead people to communicate ideas in new ways
73
What is a scribe
A scribe is a person who reads and writes books or documents by hand in cuneiform or other scripts and may help keep track of records.
74
List three reasons why writing is important
Cuneiform text were used in schools to train scribes keep records to pass along knowledge from person-to-person and from generation to generation. It also lead people to communicate ideas in new ways
75
List the inventions of the Sumerians
invented cuneiform The Wagonwheel. Sundial first to make Bronze out of tin and copper achievements in math and astronomy devised and number system based on 60 used geometry to measure field and erect building charted the heavenly constitutions
76
Define culture
The way of life a people follows
77
What is civilization
A complex culture in which large numbers of people share common elements such as social structure religion and art
78
Explain the relationship between culture and civilization
A civilization is a complex culture
79
Explain what governments do
Government help keep situations in order, the organizer, they make laws, they protect the people
80
How does religion change
Hey changes because there are new deities increase
81
How does social structure change
Social structure changes based on the complexity of the civilization. The wealth of the civilization. The technology of the civilization
82
How did the jobs of artisans and Craftsmans change? Why
The jobs of artists and craftsmen change because of new discoveries new technology new tools and new resources. They changed because people want to trade for different things
83
Why was writing an important feature of early civilizations
Cuneiform texts were used in schools to train scribes To keep records to pass along knowledge from person-to-person and from generation to generation. It also lead people to communicate ideas in new ways
84
How did large-scale agriculture lead to new patterns of living in River Valley civilizations
Also called systematic agriculture. It led to the keeping of animals the growing of food on a regular basis. It led to a surplus of food which encouraged trade. This led to the division of labor of people. People had specialized jobs
85
List six important features of a civilization
``` Cities government religion social structure writing art ```
86
What role did the physical environment play in the development of Sumerian civilization
They could not predict the floods so they learned to control the flow of the rivers with irrigation and drainage ditches. An abundance of food allowed many people to live together in cities and civilization emerged.

History (3 decks)

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