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History > History Ch. 3 And Mesopotamia > Flashcards

History Ch. 3 And Mesopotamia Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the basic political units of Samarian civilization

A

City states

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2
Q

All of the early River Valley civilizations believed in monotheism or polytheism

A

Polytheism

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3
Q

The most prominent temple and building in a Samarian city was known as

A

Ziggurat

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4
Q

What were the two most common natural disasters for Mesopotamian people

A

Flood and drought

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5
Q

The epic of Gilgamesh was a story about life that showed WHAT was important to Mesopotamians

A

God and the fragile nature of life

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6
Q

Which civilization gave us the earliest writing in the Mesopotamian era and the wheel?

A

Sumeria

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7
Q

Which was the only civilization in the ancient River Valley to develop city states

A

Sumer or the Sumerians

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8
Q

How did the ancient Samarian modify their environment to increase food production

A

Through digging irrigation canals

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9
Q

Hieroglyphics and cuneiform provided for the basis for the development of what?

A

Recorded history

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10
Q

What was the name of the ancient Sumerian’s writing system?

A

Cuneiform

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11
Q

Which group was north of the Samarian city states

A

The Akkadians

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12
Q

What does Mesopotamia mean

A

Land between the rivers

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13
Q

What is an Empire?

A

A large political unit or state.
Usually under a single leader.
Controls many peoples or territories.

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14
Q

As the number of Sumerian city states grew what two things happened?

A

City states fought each other for control of land and water.

City states were open to invasion by other groups

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15
Q

What were the contributions of Sargon and the Akkadians?

A

They set up the first empire in world history

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16
Q

True or false? Empires are often easy to create but they can be difficult to maintain?

A

True

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17
Q

Is the rise and fall of empires an important part of history?

A

Yes

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18
Q

Who was Sargon?

A

leader of the Akkadians

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19
Q

In the new Akkadian empire who did Sargon use to govern the city states?

A

The former rulers of the Conquered city states of Sumeria.

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20
Q

The Acadian empire was what kind of government?

A

A military government

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21
Q

How did Sargon establish and rule his empire?

A

Military

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22
Q

Who was Naram-Sin?

A

Sargon’s successor and grandson

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23
Q

What was Naram-Sin’s nickname

A

King of the four corners of the universe

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24
Q

What was the cause of the fall of the Akkadian empire

A

Attacks from neighbors.

the empire fell by 2150 BC

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25
Q

When was the Acadian empire established

A

2340 BC

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26
Q

What year did the Akkadian empire fall

A

2150 BC

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27
Q

What was the significance of Hammurabi’s codification of laws?

A

Based on a system of strict justice.
Penalties for criminal offenses were severe. Penalties according to the social class of the victim. The principle of retaliation “eye for an eye tooth for tooth”
It established consumer protection laws

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28
Q

True or false? After the end of the Akkadian empire there was a return to independent city states in Mesopotamia?

A

True

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29
Q

After a long period of warfare among city states what new empire arose?

A

Babylon

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30
Q

Empire

A

A large political unit or state usually under a single leader the controls many peoples our territories

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31
Q

Successor

A

One who follows, especially one who succeeds to throne or Office

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32
Q

Method

A

A systematic plan for doing something

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33
Q

Who was Hammurabi?

A

King of Babylon came to power in 1792 BC

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34
Q

What city states became part of Babylon under Hammurabi

A

The city States of Sumer and Akkad

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35
Q

What kind of weapon said Hammurabi’s army Carry.

A

Axis fears and copper or bronze daggers

36
Q

What was Hammurabi’s method to gain control of the other city states

A

He divided his opponents and subdued them one by one

37
Q

Hammurabi gave himself a nickname

A

The Sun of Babylon…The king who caused the four quarters of the world to render obedience

38
Q

What happened after the death of Hammurabi in 1750 BC

A

A series of weak Kings were unable to keep the Empire United and it fell to new invaders

39
Q

What are consumer protection laws

A

Builders were held responsible for the building they constructed

40
Q

Patriarchal

A

Dominated by men

41
Q

Was Mesopotamian society patriarchal or matriarchal

A

Patriarchal it was dominated by men

42
Q

In Babylon if someone competitor committed a robbery, what what is the punishment?

A

Death

43
Q

If a man rented his boat to seller and the seller wrecked the boat what was the punishment

A

The sailor gave the owner of the boat another boat

44
Q

If a man wanted to leave his wife and children what did he have to give them

A

He had to give the wife gallery and use of the field garden and property so that she could raise her children

45
Q

Under Hammurabi’s code if a son hit his father what was the punishment?

A

His hand was cut off

46
Q

Under Hammurabi’s code if a man put out the eye have another man what was his punishment

A

His eye should be put out

47
Q

Under Hammurabi’s code if the builder built the house and the house he built fall on its owner and kill them what what is the punishment to the builder

A

Death

48
Q

What does Mesopotamia mean

A

The land between two rivers

49
Q

What two rivers provided fertile soil in Mesopotamia

A

Euphrates and Tigres Rivers

50
Q

List the three general areas of Mesopotamia

A

Akkad
Assyria
Sumer

51
Q

Who are the creators of the first Mesopotamian civilization

A

Sumerians

52
Q

How did people in the Fertile Crescent adapt their environment

A

By digging drainage ditches and creating irrigation systems, trading and making mud bricks

53
Q

When did Sumerians establish city states in southern Mesopotamia

A

3000 BC

54
Q

List three city states in southern Mesopotamia

A

Uri
Eridu
Uruk

55
Q

Why is Uruk important

A

It was encircled by a wall 6 miles long with the fence towers located every 30 to 35 feet along the wall. There was about 50,000 people

56
Q

What were building is made of and why

A

Sun-dried bricks. These materials were plentiful. They didn’t have wood or stone

57
Q

What is a Ziggurat

A

A tower or temple dedicated to the chief god or goddess in a Sumerian city

58
Q

Describe the religious beliefs of people living in Mesopotamia

A

Polytheistic they believed in many gods

59
Q

Sumeria was a theocracy. Define theocracy

A

A government established by defined authority. The gods ruled

60
Q

How did religious beliefs influence the organization of Sumerian society

A

The Sumerians believed religion answered all their questions about life. The king had divine right to rule.

61
Q

Economy and Sumer was based on

A

Trade and agriculture and barter

62
Q

What does barter mean

A

Barter is a form of trade that involves trading one good for another good.

63
Q

Define transport

A

The moving of goods or people

64
Q

When did the Sumerians invent the wheel

A

Around 3000 BC

65
Q

Ziggurat

A

A massive stepped tower and which was built a temple dedicated to the chief god or goddess in the Sumerian city

66
Q

Sumerian City states contain three major social groups

A

Nobles. Commoners. Slaves.

67
Q

The group of nobles in a Sumerian society included

A

Royal and priestly officials and their families

68
Q

Who were the commoners

A

They work for palace and temple of the states and his farmers merchants fishers and crafts people.

probably 90% or more of the people were farmers

69
Q

Who were slaves

A

Slaves along the palace officials

70
Q

Define invention

A

A new idea, method, or device.

71
Q

What is cuneiform

A

Wedge shaped, a system of writing developed by the Sumerians using a read stylist to create wedge-shaped impressions on a clay tablet. Used primarily for record-keeping

72
Q

What did people use writing for

A

Primarily for record keeping.
Cuneiform text were used in schools to train scribes keep records to pass along knowledge from person-to-person and from generation to generation.
It also lead people to communicate ideas in new ways

73
Q

What is a scribe

A

A scribe is a person who reads and writes books or documents by hand in cuneiform or other scripts and may help keep track of records.

74
Q

List three reasons why writing is important

A

Cuneiform text were used in schools to train scribes keep records
to pass along knowledge from person-to-person and from generation to generation.
It also lead people to communicate ideas in new ways

75
Q

List the inventions of the Sumerians

A

invented cuneiform
The Wagonwheel.
Sundial
first to make Bronze out of tin and copper achievements in math and astronomy
devised and number system based on 60
used geometry to measure field and erect building charted the heavenly constitutions

76
Q

Define culture

A

The way of life a people follows

77
Q

What is civilization

A

A complex culture in which large numbers of people share common elements such as social structure religion and art

78
Q

Explain the relationship between culture and civilization

A

A civilization is a complex culture

79
Q

Explain what governments do

A

Government help keep situations in order, the organizer, they make laws, they protect the people

80
Q

How does religion change

A

Hey changes because there are new deities increase

81
Q

How does social structure change

A

Social structure changes based on the complexity of the civilization. The wealth of the civilization. The technology of the civilization

82
Q

How did the jobs of artisans and Craftsmans change? Why

A

The jobs of artists and craftsmen change because of new discoveries new technology new tools and new resources. They changed because people want to trade for different things

83
Q

Why was writing an important feature of early civilizations

A

Cuneiform texts were used in schools to train scribes
To keep records
to pass along knowledge from person-to-person and from generation to generation.
It also lead people to communicate ideas in new ways

84
Q

How did large-scale agriculture lead to new patterns of living in River Valley civilizations

A

Also called systematic agriculture.
It led to the keeping of animals
the growing of food on a regular basis.
It led to a surplus of food which encouraged trade. This led to the division of labor of people. People had specialized jobs

85
Q

List six important features of a civilization

A 
Cities
government
religion
social structure 
writing
art
86
Q

What role did the physical environment play in the development of Sumerian civilization

A

They could not predict the floods so they learned to control the flow of the rivers with irrigation and drainage ditches.

An abundance of food allowed many people to live together in cities and civilization emerged.

History (3 decks)

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