World History

Question 1

John Locke

Answer 1

is among the most influential political philosophers of the modern period. In the Two Treatises of Government, he defended the claim that men are by nature free and equal against claims that God had made all people naturally subject to a monarch.

Question 2

Laissez Faire

Answer 2

a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.

Question 3

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 3

English philosopher, scientist, and historian, best known for his political philosophy, especially as articulated in his masterpiece Leviathan (1651).In Hobbes’s social contract, the many trade liberty for safety.

Question 4

Enlightenment

Answer 4

a European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. It was heavily influenced by 17th-century philosophers such as Descartes, Locke, and Newton, and its prominent exponents include Kant, Goethe, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam Smith.

Question 5

Checks and Balances

Answer 5

counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups.

Question 6

Montesquieu

Answer 6

French political philosopher Montesquieu was best known for The Spirit of Laws (1748), one of the great works in the history of political theory and jurisprudence.

Question 7

Veto

Answer 7

a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body.

Question 8

Wollstonecraft

Answer 8

English writer and a passionate advocate of educational and social equality for women. She called for the betterment of women’s status through such political change as the radical reform of national educational systems.

Question 9

Voltaire

Answer 9

was a versatile and prolific writer. In his lifetime he published numerous works, including books, plays, poems, and polemics. His most famous works included the fictitious Lettres philosophiques (1734) and the satirical novel Candide.

Question 10

Freedom of speech

Answer 10

First Amendment guarantees the right to express ideas and information.

Question 11

Causes of the French Revolution

Answer 11

International. Struggle for hegemony and the Empire resource of the state.
Political conflict. Is a conflict between the Monarchy & the nobility over the reform of the tax system that led to paralysis.
The Enlightenment.
Social antagonisms between two rising groups. …
Economic hardship.

Question 12

Congress of Vienna

Answer 12

The Congress of Vienna of 1814–1815 was one of the most important international conferences in European history. It remade Europe after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon I.

Question 13

1st estate

Answer 13

(clergy = those who prayed). The “Second Estate” was the Nobility (those who fought = knights)

Question 14

2nd estate

Answer 14

the noble or aristocratic orders. Its members, both men and women, possessed aristocratic titles like Duc (‘Duke’), Comte (‘Count’), Vicomte (‘Viscount’), Baron or Chevalier.

Question 15

3rd estate

Answer 15

shouldering the heavy burden of the other two Estates. Before the revolution, French society was divided into three orders or Estates of the Realm.

Question 16

National Assembly

Answer 16

an elected legislature in various countries

Question 17

National Convention 1792

Answer 17

was elected to provide a new constitution for the country after the overthrow of the monarchy

Question 18

Tennis Court Oath

Answer 18

vowing “not to separate and to reassemble wherever necessary, until the Constitution of the kingdom is established”. It was a pivotal event in the French Revolution.

Question 19

Storming of the Bastille

Answer 19

was attacked by an angry and aggressive mob. The prison had become a symbol of the monarchy’s dictatorial rule, and the event became one of the defining moments in the Revolution that followed.

Question 20

Agricultural Revolution

Answer 20

was the unprecedented increase in agricultural production in Britain due to increases in labor and land productivity between the mid-17th and late 19th centuries.

Question 21

Industrial Revolution in Great

Britain

Answer 21

was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

Question 22

Zulus

Answer 22

Nguni ethnic group in Southern Africa. The Zulu people are the largest ethnic group and nation in South Africa with an estimated 10–12 million people living mainly in the province of KwaZulu-Natal.

Question 23

Siam’s Independence

Answer 23

Rama III and British officials signed the Burney Treaty. … Mongkut constantly made concessions to the British and French to maintain independence

Question 24

Ethiopia’s Independence

Answer 24

remained independent until 1935, when Italy under Benito Mussolini invaded the country but only for a brief stint

Question 25

Boers

Answer 25

a member of the Dutch and Huguenot population that settled in southern Africa in the late 17th century.

Question 26

Liberia’s Independence

Answer 26

A young African American man from Virginia named Joseph Jenkins Roberts declared the colony of Liberia in West Africa an independent republic on July 26, 1847. The following year he became the first elected president of the new country.

Question 27

Emiliano Aguinaldo

Answer 27

Filipino leader and politician who fought first against Spain and later against the United States for the independence of the Philippines.

Question 28

King Menelik

Answer 28

Ethiopia’s greatest leaders, ruling as King and Emperor of Ethiopia from 1889 to 1913.

Question 29

Social Darwinism

Answer 29

the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform.

Question 30

“White Man’s Burden”

Answer 30

the task that white colonizers believed they had to impose their civilization on the black inhabitants of their colonies.

Question 31

Imperialism

Answer 31

a policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Question 32

Josiah Strong

Answer 32

American Protestant clergyman, organizer, editor and author. He was a leader of the Social Gospel movement, calling for social justice and combating social evils.

Question 33

President Carranza

Answer 33

a leader in the Mexican civil war following the overthrow of the dictator Porfirio Díaz

Question 34

Jose de San Martin

Answer 34

Argentine soldier, statesman, and national hero who helped lead the revolutions against Spanish rule in Argentina.

Question 35

Simon Bolivar

Answer 35

was a Venezuelan soldier and statesman who played a central role in the South American independence movement.

Question 36

Toussaint L’overture

Answer 36

leader of the Haitian independence movement during the French Revolution (1787–99).

Question 37

Napoleonic Code

Answer 37

made the authority of men over their families stronger, deprived women of any individual rights, and reduced the rights of illegitimate children. All male citizens were also granted equal rights under the law and the right to religious dissent, but colonial slavery was reintroduced.

Question 38

Democracy

Answer 38

a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

Question 39

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 39

was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.

Question 40

Unification of Germany

Answer 40

was the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, orchestrated by Bismarck to draw the western German states into alliance with the North German Confederation.

Question 41

Tenement Housing

Answer 41

was used to designate a building subdivided to provide cheap rental accommodation, which was initially a subdivision of a large house.

Question 42

Romanticism

Answer 42

a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual.

Question 43

Charles Dickens Realism

Answer 43

is one of the most well-known English authors of the 19th century. His works, which include Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, and A Christmas Carol, use realism to show the harsh life during Dickens’ lifetime, which was during the Industrial Revolution that took place in England.

Question 44

Louis Pasteur

Answer 44

French chemist and microbiologist who was one of the most important founders of medical microbiology.

Question 45

Eli Whitney

Answer 45

American inventor, mechanical engineer, and manufacturer, best remembered as the inventor of the cotton gin but most important for developing the concept of mass production of interchangeable parts.

Question 46

Karl Marx

Answer 46

was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary. Born in Trier, Germany, Marx studied law and philosophy at university.

Question 47

Thomas Malthus

Answer 47

was an English economist and demographer best known for his theory that population growth will always tend to outrun the food supply and that betterment of humankind is impossible without strict limits on reproduction.

Question 48

Proletariat

Answer 48

workers or working-class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism).

Question 49

Socialism

Answer 49

a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Question 50

Labor Unions

Answer 50

A labor union, officially know as a labor organization, is an entity formed by workers in a particular trade, industry, or company for the purpose of improving pay, benefits and working conditions.

Question 51

Fredrich Engles

Answer 51

German philosopher, historian, political scientist and revolutionary socialist. He was also a businessman, journalist and political activist, whose father was an owner of large textile factories in Salford and Barmen, Prussia.

Question 52

Schlieffen Plan

Answer 52

was the operational plan for a designated attack on France once Russia, in response to international tension, had started to mobilise her forces near the German border.

Question 53

President Wilson

Answer 53

American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of Princeton University and as the 34th governor of New Jersey before winning the 1912 presidential election.

Question 54

Triple Alliance

Answer 54

was a secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy that was formed on the 20th of May 1882. Italy sought support against France shortly after losing North African ambitions to the French. Otto von Bismarck is regarded as the principal architect of the alliance

Question 55

Triple Entente

Answer 55

The Triple Entente describes the informal understanding between the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic and Great Britain. It built upon the Franco-Russian Alliance of 1894, the Entente Cordiale of 1904 between Paris and London, and the Anglo-Russian Entente of 1907.

Question 56

Central Powers

Answer 56

Central Empires, was one of the two main coalitions that fought World War I (1914–18). It consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria; hence it is also known as the Quadruple Alliance.

Question 57

Allies World War I

Answer 57

The major Allied powers in World War I were Great Britain (and the British Empire), France, and the Russian Empire, formally linked by the Treaty of London of September 5, 1914

Question 58

Zimmerman Note

Answer 58

was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico.

Question 59

Isolationism

Answer 59

a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.

Question 60

Total War

Answer 60

a war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used the territory or combatants involved, ot the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded.

Question 61

War Bonds

Answer 61

is a debt security issued by a government to finance military operations during times of war or conflict.

Question 62

Propaganda

Answer 62

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

Question 63

Reign of Terror

Answer 63

was a period of violence during the French Revolution incited by conflict between two rival political factions,

Question 64

“Republic of Virtue”

Answer 64

political theory presented on February 5, 1794 by Maximilian Robespierre that advocated for the use of terror if it was defending democracy. It proposed a new state of religion that was meant to become a utopia that would be the ideal republic in France.

Question 65

Maximillian Robespierre

Answer 65

was a radical democrat and key figure in the French Revolution of 1789. Robespierre briefly presided over the influential Jacobin Club, a political club based in Paris. He also served as president of the National Convention and on the Committee of Public Safety.

Question 66

Republic in France

Answer 66

There have been five republics in the history of France: French First Republic (1792–1804) French Second Republic (1848–1852) French Third Republic (1870–1940)

Question 67

Continental System

Answer 67

in the Napoleonic wars, the blockade designed by Napoleon to paralyze Great Britain through the destruction of British commerce. The decrees of Berlin (November 21, 1806) and Milan (December 17, 1807) proclaimed a blockade: neutrals and French allies were not to trade with the British.