world history Flashcards
Enlightenment
Enlightened Thinkers
15/1600’s new way of thinking away from bible/religion & thinking themselves
Voltaire
Freedom of speech
Constitutional monarchy
King has to obey law & work w/ constitution
1st England, Magna Carta King John
Newton
Universal law of gravitation
Copernicus
heliocentric
Napoleon’s biggest defeat & last battle
Russia & Waterloo
Napoleon never beat this country but tried to blockade them
England
Biggest fundamental cause of Fall of the Bastille
Unfair voting (Estates General) Economy (Debt)
2 countries in Opium War
China & GB
Fall of the Bastille
Beginning of French Rev.
Hated prison fortress
1st industry
Textile (clothes)
5 factors needed to establish a strong industry
Entrepreneurship, labor, land, capital, technology
Urbanization
Moving from the country to the city
GB natural resources:
Water, iron oar, coal
Industrial world
Class struggle, about $, turn communist
All ppl from industrial world came from
Have & have nots
Haves=Bourgeoisie
Have nots=Proletariats
Carl Marx
Communist
Said have & have nots
Adam Smith
Wealth of Nations
Competing w/ Marx-capitalism, compete w/ self interest, to make as much $ as possible
Berlin Conference
Europe ÷d Africa unfairly & agree not to fight w/ each other
Open Door Policy
US forced China to open ports
Treaty of Kanagawa
Japan opened up ports to the rest of the world started w/ US b/c of Matthew Perry
Industrial Rev. negative aspect
Disease
Total war
Whole country involved not just soldiers
“Jewel of the Crown”
India, valuable to GB, most profitable/income, most valuable colony, carry resources
Tiananmen Square
Chinese gov fired on unarmed citizens protesting for better gov & edu
Mao Zhedong
Leader of communist China in 1949
Cultural Rev.
Implemented by Mao
Eliminated ppl who used their minds & disliked the teachers
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
1st Hiroshima 2nd Nagasaki
Why were India & Pakistan split?
Religion
Nobles were forced to sign the Declaration of Rights of Man during French Rev., what did it do?
Gave rights to the peasants, documents signed by the nobles saying there are no more noble privileges in France
Locke
Life, liberty, property through reason
Nationalism
Extreme pride for country could be bad b/c it could turn violent
Guillotine
Killing machine of Jacobins made by doctor to make painless, radical
Difference between a democracy & a fascist gov.?
Democracy more freedoms than fascist
Impact of steam engine
Boats, trains, & factories
Louis16th escape raise army come back take over country again using violence to return to the way things used to be
Reactionary
Battle of Normandy/D-Day
Allies take back France
City defeated that marked the end of WWII
Berlin
“Crimes against humanity” led to Nuremberg trials
Holocaust
Stalingrad
Most important battle, Germans lost to SU
B4 WWII Italy, Germany, SU have in common
Totalitarian leadership
What caused GB & France to declare war on Germany?
Invasion of Polandhttps://www.brainscape.com/decks/924104/cards/quick_new_card
Mussolini lead his fascist black troops when he marched where?
Rome
Benefited from hated Versailles treaty used ppl’s anger from WWI hated Weimar Republic
Hitler
Stalin defeated who to become the leader of the SU?
Trotsky
Political Spectrum order
radical, liberal, moderate, conservative, reactionary
left=future right=past outside=violent inside=compromise
radical
republic Jacobins, Marat, Robespierre, Danton left wing -overthrow/start over -opposes king/monarchy -change in gov -power to control ppl -violence
liberal
Lafayette (noble write Dec of Man)
Talleyrand (clergy)
-more solutions to prob
-gradual democratic change
moderate
constitutional monarchy
Madame Roland, Girondists, Charlotte Corday
-centrists
-compromise
-some gov changes but not like liberal or radical
-no extreme views
conservative
limited monarchy nobles, clergy -likes the way it is; remain the same -few changes -keep "status quo"
reactionary
absolute monarchy nobles, clergy divine right -return to past -opposes all change -violence
Rousseau
every1 has inalienable rights that cant be taken away
Hobbes
every1 us selfish but = so the monarch tells ppl what to do
Napoleon overthrows the gov
Coup d’etat
“Divine Right” theory
idea that when you became king God put you there so if you go against the king it’s like going against God
Napoleonic Code
comprehensive system of laws used throughout Europe
Causes of WWI
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
Mandates
British (Iraq & Palestine)
France (Syria & Lebanon)
Bacon
scientific method
Reign of Terror leadership
Robespierre (Jacobins)
Napoleon’s reforms
Bank, edu, get rid of corruption in the government
How Industrial Rev. affect imperialism?
Countries needed raw materials for factories so they went to get them (ex:Africa)
Absolute ruler def. & actions taken to increase power
Controls everything! (military, political,religion, social) Increase taxes & decrease power of nobles & church
Causes of French Revolution
Estates general voting, debt, enlightenment thinkers, U.S Revolution
Reign of terror groups used to advance their goals
Peasants
King names
Henry, Louis, Philip, M?
Results of French Revolution
Countries around Europe are scared they’re going to have a rev. too, monarch gone
Imperialism def. & example
When a stronger country takes over/expands weaker countries ex: when Europe ÷d Africa
Relationship between Agricultural & Industrial Rev.
+food=+ppl to work in factories
