World History Flashcards
Southeast Asia (civilization=Mesopotamia) Tigris and the Euphrates rivers
Development: -Writing (Cuneiform) -Organized Government Written Law code (Hammurabi's code) -Systemized Religion (Zoroastrianism) -Astronomy; Astrology
Northeastern Africa (civilization=Egypt)
Banks of Nile River
Mediterranean and Red Seas
-Complex religion of gods, rituals, and governances(Pharaoh)
-Writing (hieroglyphics)
-Engineering and building (pyramids)
Mathematics
Southern Asia (civilization=India)
Indus and Ganges rivers
Arabian Sea
- Urban Culture
- Planned Cities (citywide sanitation system)
- Metallurgy (gold, copper, bronze, and tin)
- Measurement (weight, time, length, mass)
East Asia (civilization= China) Yellow River
- Writing
- Commerce
- Government
Significance of Egyptian Civilization
- Dominated by concerns of afterlife, religion, and the Pharoah
- Medical Advances and specialized surgeries were a major contribution
- Hieroglyphics were invented
- Commerce flourished throughout Arabia, Africa and part of Africa
- Agriculture was the basis of the economy
- The Nile had an impact on all of Egyptian society.
Aegean Background Civilizations
Minoan and Mycenaean
Minoan Civilization
- Part of Crete
- Extensive commerce
Mycenaean Civilization
Heavily fortified cities
Athens
- Direct Democracy established
- world commercial center and cosmopolitan city
Sparta
- Totalitarian and militaristic state
- dependent on slave labor for agriculture
- often at conflict with Athens after defeat of Persia
Peloponnesian War
(431-404 BCE) War be Athens and Sparta.
- Sparta won but left Greece weak as a whole and ready to fall to its neighbors to the north.
- Sparta was unable to unify the greek city- states after its victory.
Alexander the Great
- Established the Hellenic Age
- conquered Persia, Asia minor and egypt
- Bureaucracy replaced city-state as form of govt.
Contributions of the Greek World
- Founding of most major philosophical schools
- established basis for scientific method
- advances in shipbuilding
- Established democracy and system of law
- dominant in agriculture, art and literature.
Cause of the fall of Roman Empire
- Barbaric invasion
- economic decline
- excessive military spending to defend the empire
https://quizlet.com/85121970/10-reasons-why-rome-fell-flash-cards/
Basic Doctrines
- Christianity began with teaching of Jesus of nazareth
- emphasized the Holy Bible as work of god and importance of moral life for salvation
- Paul the apostle responsible for the spread of christian ideology and the resulting response from roman empire.
- St. Augustine became first great christian philosopher
Reasons for spread of christianity
- Solidarity had grown during roman persecution period
- Doctrines stressed equality and immortality
- the conversion of constanstine to christianity
- est of christianity as the official roman religion
- est of supremacy of the pope at the time imperial rome was disintegrating.
Byzantine Accomplishments
- Greek Language and culture influence
- center of world trade and exchange of culture
- Codification of roman law
- Easter church converted slavic people to christianity
- new focus for art: glorification of christianity.
Reasons for Byzantine sucess
- Economic prosperity (commercial trade was controlled by constantinople and a monopoly of the silk trade)
- Byzantines were able to avoid invasions and they were geographically distant from tribes who sacked Rome.
- Codification of roman law by Justinian strengthened the bureaucracy.
- defensible borders.
Reasons for decline of Byzantine empire
- Geographic proximity to those who were powerful (Arabs, slavs, turks and seljuk)
- loss of commercial dominance over italians
- Religious controversy
- The sack of constantinople during the 4th crusade
- The fall of constantinople
Achievements of Byzantine Empire
- Persevered the heritage of Greco-Roman civilization while the west was culturally stagnant
- spread civilization to to all eastern europe
- preserved the Eastern orthodox church
- Economic strength was based on stability of its money economy.
Muslim empire + Rise of Islam
- the koran became the center of islamic moral and ethical conduct.
- Mohammed est. theocracy based on islamic law.
Battle of Tours A.D 732
ended in franks halting muslim expansion in europe
Why the Muslim Empire divided
- The abbasids overthrew the Umayyads- the capital moved to Baghdad.
- Iberian and North African Muslims broke from Baghdad’s control.
islamic world
https://quizlet.com/8838791/the-islamic-world-flash-cards/
