World History Flashcards
The Greek world came into being arounnd the ______ Sea.
Aegean.
Herodotus is famous for his histories primarily concerned with the _______.
Persian Wars.
Thucydides is famous for his histories primarily concerned the the _______.
Peloponnesia War (Wars between Athens and Sparta)
Governments associate with the “Greeks”:
Athens= Democracy
Sparta= Oligarchy
Alexander following the division of his empire = Bureaucracy
The mainland of Greece is primarily
Mountainous and divided by deep valleys
The East had scarce good land for agriculture which caused them to look outward and become seafaring.
The South mainland did have decent farming land, and relied on agriculture.
The Pax Romana, or the _________, was a period of history during the early stages of the Roman ________, which saw no major______.
The Roman Peace, Empire, wars
Begins with Augustus and his reforms and ends with the death of Marcus Aurelius.
Traditional “Causes” of the fall of the Roman Empire.
Continuous Barbarian Invasions Political Instability The use of mercinary armies with more loyalty to their own generals than a vague concept like "Rome" Decreasing farm production Inflation Excessive taxation Rise of Christianity divided the empire.
Roman contributions to the western world
Field of Law
construction of buildings and roads
continuation of the greek traditions in literature, art and humanities
The first great Christian philosopher and an early church father who wrote Confessions and City of God.
St. Augustine. (354-430)
Roman law was codified in the East in the ______.
Justinian Code
Constintine establish a new Rome with the ______.
Constantinople
Following the fall of Rome in the west, the East persisted for more than a thousand years and came to be known as the Byzantines. What were some strengths of the Byzantines
- With its capital at Constantinople, it dominated the comercial trade routes between Asia and Europe, monopolizing the Silk trade.
- A geographical isolation from the tribes that devasted the West and the use of excellent diplomacy to prevent wars.
- Codified laws (Justinian Code) strengthened bureaucracy.
- Constantinople was an extemely well defended fortress city.
Reasons the Byzantines eventually declined and fell.
- Geographic proximity to Arabs, Slavs and Seljuk Turks which became more powerful over the centuries.
- Loss of commercial dominance in the west.
- The great schism between what came to be Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic
- Constantinople was sacked by crusaders and then again by the Ottomans, ending them once and for all.
The Islamic empire expanded down North Africa and up into spain, stopping only after a defeat at the _______ against the ______.
Battle of Tours (732 AD) against the Franks
The Umayyad Dynasty suceeded the _______, ruling from _______ until being succeeded by the ______.
Four rightly Guided Caliphs, Damascus, Abbasids.
The Abbadis moved the capital of the Islamic Empire to…
Baghdad.
Baghad was eventually sacked by the ______, after which the pieces of the Islamic Empire were picked up and put back together by the
Monguls,
Seljuk Turks, forming the Ottoman Empire.
The Five Pillars of Islam are
- Declaration of faith: “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammud is his prophet.”
- Prayor. Five times a day toward Mecca.
- Charity. Must give to the poor.
- Fasting during Ramadan
- Haj, or making a pilgrimage to Mecca and the Kabba.
The period of about 500-800 AD in Europe following the collapses of the Western Roman Empire is colloqially refered to as the______.
Dark Ages
Charles Martel was a Frank and first king of the ______ Dynasty, Grandfather of _______, and one the battle of ______, halting the advance of ________.
Carolingian Dynasty, Charlemagne, Battle of Tour, halted the Muslim Expansion out of Spain( the Iberian Peninsula.
The pope appointed ______ as king, establishing the _______.
Pepin the Short, Papal States.
Son of Pepin, or Pippin, the Short, ________ was crowned Emperor by the Pope _____ in 800 AD
Charlemagne,
Pope Leo
Feudal Monarchs resulted in the development of the _______.
Nation-state.
A conception of France Existed as Nation-State by the early
1200s or 13th century.
The hundred years war (1337-1453) resulted in….
The English being expelled from France.
The Battle of Hastings ended _____ rule.
Anglo-Saxon
The document created in 1215 that limited the power of the king in England.
Magna Carta.
Spain had Christian Rule reimposed by ____.
1492
In the late middle ages, 1000-1500, the _____ system was eroding, giving way to the more centralized authority of the Nation-state, freeing up labor to move into denser clusters (towns and Cities).
feudalism and manorialism.
Scholasticism is a philosophy that emerged in the late middle ages that concerned itself with ______.
Creating a consistency between faith and reason.
Magna Carta had three key provisions, that were:
The Power of the King is not absolute.
The kings subjects have rights.
Legal Procedures will be respected.
Constitutionalism, individual rights, and due process of law are all concepts heavily influced by the
Magna Carta.
Conflicts between the Holy Roman Empire and The Papacy during the Thirteenth and Fourteenth century resulted in….
Regional Autonomy for the Italian City-states.
Humanism stressed the importance of the ________, a secular idea that was often at odds with _____.
Individual, religious authorities.
Machiavelli’s The Prince contained the political philosophy…
The ends justify the means.
The Renaissance looked back to ancient _____ and _____, and placed value on _____ over _____.
Greeks and Romans, elevated man in his relationship to god, emphasized humanism and secularism.
Artistic Styles of the Renaissance include, ____ and _____ which sought to portay….
Realism and Formalism.
Lives of everyday people, realistic rather than idealized.
Laissez Faire stood in opposition to ______.
Regulated Trade
Adam Smith Advocated that the true source of a nations wealth is in its ______.
Manufacturing.
Enlightened despotism advocated for a limited responsibility to _________, instead emphasizing the responsibility of a ruler to their ______.
God and Church,
Nation.
Culture of the 18th century was dominated by Neoclassicalism, a looking back to _______ in their artistic expressions.
Greece and Rome.
Proposed the theory of a sun centered Solar System
Nicolaus Copernicus
Using a telescope, provided first evidence that the Sun, not the Earth, was at the center of the Solar System.
Galileo
Discovered the Three Laws of Planetary Motion
Johannes Kepler
Formulated Laws of Motion and Gravity
Issac Newton.
The Continental System was a French attempt under Napoleon to isolate _______ from trade. It failed.
Britain.
Britain was well positioned for the Industrial Revolution due to:
- Abundance of Coal, Iron, and Cheap Labor.
- Being a Maritime Power, advantages in shipping between markets.
- Well established textile industry existed.
Abundance of Cheap labor in British Cities can be traced to the ______ acts.
Enclosure Acts. They resulted in land being enclosed and forcing peasants from the land into cities.
The Four Rivers which played important role in Africa’s economic history are:
The Nile
The Congo
The Niger
The Zambezi
The East African Coast Developed as a collection of _______ which engaged in ______.
City-States, international trade.
The Kingdom of Zimbabwe grew from _______ settlements, constructed huge ______, and had an economy based around the ______ trade.
Iron-working, stone structures, gold.
Islam readed far into the new states of ______ Africa.
West.
Forest States like _____ grew wealthy and powerful until _____ contact.
Benin, European.
Asante was a strong ____ state.
African.
The earliest people in the America’s crossed from Eurasian over the ______
Bering Sea Land Bridge.
The first Civilization in Mesoamerica, the ______ (1200-400BC) was an _____ community which developed the first calendar.
Olmec, Agricultural
Lost before the Maya, the Aztec, and the Inca’s the _____ society emerged in Mesoamerica.
Olmec
Preceding the Aztecs and the Incas, the _____ appeared around 250AD and lasted until around 900AD. They created cities as centers of ______ and ______, and excelled in Mathmatics, science, astronomy and engineering (pyramid building.
Maya
Cities were centers of religion and trade
The two big civilizations of the America’s still presentent when Europeans arrive were the _______ and the _______.
Aztecs and Incas.
The Aztecs were proceeded by the Toltecs, and built a great city at the center of their empire called ______. The Aztecs lived lives that revolved around ____ and _____.
Tenochtitlan.
War and Religion.
The Incas control a vast empire around the _____ mountains
Andes.
The Incas were excellent _______ and high skilled _____.
Record Keepers
Craftsman.
The Aztecs were conquered by spanish conquistador _____ in 1521
Cortez
The Incas were conquered by spanish conquistador _____ in 1533
Pizzaro
The Spanish robbed the America’s of ____ and ____.
Gold and Silver
From 1206-1526, the ______ ruled over the Hindu population of India.
Muslim, Delhi Sultanate.
The Mogul empire defeated the ______ in the mid _____ hundreds and ruled effectivly until the mid ______ hundreds
Delhi Sultanate, mid 1500s mid 1700s
