U.S. History Flashcards
The natural boundry separting the English Colonies in North America (The 13 colonies) and the French Territory to the west (Fur trading lands) is the ______.
Appalachian Mountains.
Following the 7 years war (French and Indian Wars), France loses…. to England.
France lost Canada and all land East of the Mississippi.
The Seven Years War results in England implimenting two policies the colonies don’t like.
- The expense of the war is put onto the colonist in new taxs
- The territory gained West of the Appallachians is considered an autonomous zone ruled by natives. (The colonist want to expand west.
The first continental congress convenes in ____, to dicuss rising discontentment with the mother country.
1774
Following the War for Independence, the new United States gain all territory ______ (from Great Britain) and Spain gets ____.
East of the Mississippi
Florida
Remember, new ______ is what drove most exploration
trade routes to the east (for Asian spices)
Though differing considerably, the colonies of England were bound by shared ideas of ______, ______, and ______.
Limited Government, Representation in that government, guaranteed rights as Englishman.
The age of discovery reignited European state rivalys, sending five countrys (_____) searching for new _____.
Spain, Portugul, England, France, Netherlands
looking for new trade routes to Asia.
The New England Colonies had a variety of ideas associate with them
- New England (Northern Colonies)
- Middle Colonies
- Southern Colonies
- Religous persecution, commerce and ship building, small scale manufacting.
- Farming and commerce, small scale manufactoring
- Tobacco/Cotton (cash crops) and slavery.
Self Government started early in English Colonies with the ________ in 1619 and ______ in 1620.
House of Burgesses
Mayflower compact
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Conneticut and New Hampshire are all colonies apart of
New England
Pennsylvania, New York, Delaware, New Jersey
Middle Colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia,
Southern Colonies. (No manufacturing.
The Articles of Confederation failed to establish a _____.
Strong Central Government.
The Constitution solved two major problems of the Articles of Confederation
- Separated Powers of States and Federal Government
2. Separted powers of legislative, executive, and judial branches of government (Checks and Balances)
Colonist were mad about the _______ because it prohibited them from moving West of the ______ mountains where agreements with Native Americans wouldn’t allow them to settle.
Proclamation Act
Appalachian mountains.
The Tea act (1773) maintained an import tax on Tea and gave the _______ a tea monopoly, allowing it to undersell American Merchants.
East India company.
The Coercive Acts, also know as the ________acts, shut down the _________, ended ______ is Massachusetts, and the _______ act for all colonies.
Intolerable acts.
port of boston
self rule in massachusetts,
New Quarting Act for all Colonies.
Lexington and Concord were the first _____ of the War for Independence.
battle.
The Battle at Fort Ticonderoga result in the Americans seizing
100 cannons
The Battle of Bunker Hill resulted in _____ but with heavy ______ compared to the ______.
British Victory, casualities on the British Side, Americans.
Americans showed they could stand up to the British.
Long Island.
Washinton Surprise Evacuation.
Trenton.
American Victory led by Washinton.
Princeton
American victory convincing French to give supplies. and shaking British Morale at home.
Saratoga
American victory that brough France and Spain into war against Britian.
Yorktown
American victory that resulted in British Surrender.
The American Victory in the war for Independence resulted in the Articles of Conferation which allowed for Westward Expansion and being super shitty to the ______.
Native Americans. Land Ordinance of 1785 and Northwest Ordinance of 1787
The Critical Period is the time after the ________, in which the shortcomings of the _______ became clear.
Revolutionary war/war for independence,
Articles of Confederation
Weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation include
- Could only request funds from states.
- No centralized control over trade/tariffs.
- No single currency
- No Authority to Borrow money.
- Lacked proportion of power considering the varying sizes of states.
- Unanimous approval required to alter articles of Confederation.
- No executive authority to carry out laws of Congress.
The Early Years of the Republic operated under the _______ from ____ to _____.
1781 (Treaty of Paris and End of War.) until 1789 (Constitution goes into effect.)
The main “Achievements” of the Articles of Confederation are two ordinances ______ and _______ which resulted in legal westward expansion.
Land Ordinance of 1785 and Northwest ORdinance of 1787
The Powers given to congress in the Constitution include _____, ______, and ______.
The power to tax, declare war, and make treaties. (they also do things like make immigration policy, regulate trade, mint currency, impose tarriffs, borrow money, maintain a military.
The Great Compromise (in the context of the constitution) resulted in the creation of the _______and _______.
House of representitives and Senate.
The Great Compromise was reached to appease….
Smaller states who didn’t want their smaller populations to not have a voice relative to larger states, and therefore, in the Senate, all are equal. It is also to appease slave holders who were worried about their smaller populations not being able to maintain the the practice.
The 3/5s Compromise.
Counted enslaved blacks as a part of a states population at a 3/5s a person rate. This artificially bolsters a slave states representation in congress and gives them more electoral votes, even though the slave him/herself is not represented.
The Bill of Rights is designed to guarentee ______ and safeguard the sovereignty of the states over their own affairs in the ____ ammendment.
the rights of the individual, 10th
Process enshined in the constitution that allows for its own alteration with 3/4 states approval and 2/3 both chambers of congress
Amendment.
George Washington was President from _____ until _____.
April 30 1789- March 4 1797
The Louisianna Purchase occured in _____, drastically increasing the size of the United States.
1803,
Pontiac created an Indian Confederation which pushed the _____ back and forced them to honor a treaty of not expanding beyond the ______.
British, Appalacian.
Florida was ______ from Spain
Purchased.
Texas was ______ by the United States in 1837
Annexed
California was ________ by the United States from Mexico.
Turned over to the United States in a Treaty.
The final battle of the Civil War was the Battle of _______ which resulted in…..
Approattox Courthouse, Lee surrenders to Grant
The Emancipation Proclamation
An Executive Order by President Lincoln that all slaves in STATES CURRENTLY IN OPEN REBELLION are now free. This did not apply to the few slave states that did not join up with the South and they, therefore, were not free until the passing of th 13th amendment.
13th Amendment
Abolition of Slavery
14th Amendment
Guarentees Citizenship to all people born in the United States, including slaves.
15th Amendment
Prohibits the use of race as a determiner of eligibility to vote
Westward Expansion was greatly accelerated by
The Homestead Act (1862) and the completion of the transcontinental railroad.
Big Western Industries toward the end of the 1800s include
Cattle, Mining, and grain
The growth of Labor Unions were in response to _____
Industrialization.
Industrialization facilitated the rise of _____.
Cities.
Giant Corperations found themselves at odds with government intervention with anti trust acts like ______ and ______.
The Sherman(1890) and Clayton(1914) Antitrust acts.
Dred Scott Case
Dred Scott sued the federal government for his freedom, and the freedom of his family. He claimed that while he was a slave, his owner brought him and his family to Illinois for more then 4 years, where slavery was illegal. The state law claimed that an extended stay meant owners gave up their rights to the slave. The supreme court rule that he was not to be freed because “People of African Ancestory can’t be citizens and therefore have no right to sue in the first place.” This decision was resented by the North and stirred up even greater anger, and was ultimately nullified through the thirteenth (Outlaw slavery) fourteenth (Citizenship to all born in USA) and fifteenth (No racial qualifications aloud in matters of voting) amendments.
