World History Flashcards
Belief in many gods
Polytheism
Abraham traveled from __________ and became the founder of the nation of Israel.
Ur
What is the term for ancestor worship in China?
Ancestor Worship- leading religion
What code had 282 laws and penalties that varied upon your social class?
Hammurabi’s Code
Who is known as “The Master” to Chinese people?
Confucius
Mesopotamia means…
The land between two rivers
Cyrus the Great was the ruler of what empire?
Persian Empire
Father of Medicine:
Hippocrates
Father of Philosophy:
Thales
Father of Geometry:
Euclid
Father of History:
Herodotus
Wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey:
Homer
Term for a Greek city-state:
Polis
The greatest naval battle in history:
Battle of Salamis
(480 BC)
List two forms of Greek drama:
Comedy and Tragedy
The first Caesar of the Roman Empire:
Augustus Caesar
Who invaded Italy via the Alps?
Hannibal
(bonus points if you remember that he brought elephants)
Who is the legendary founder of Rome?
Romulus
(twin brother Remus)
What emperor legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire with the Edict of Milan?
Constantine
Was killed by the Senate during the Ides of March in 44 BC:
Julius Caesar
The Roman Empire was divided into East and West under whose reign?
Diocletian
What Roman engineering accomplishment supplied water to the cities?
Aqueduct
There was a Pax Romana when Jesus was born. What does Pax Romana mean?
Roman Peace
Known for his wise sayings:
Confucius
(also taught the 5 key relationships)
Where were the black pharaohs from?
Egypt or Nubia (aka Kush)
Why did China build the Great Wall?
As a defensive barrier against the Huns and other invaders
Name the famous route which connects the Far East to the Middle East and beyond:
Silk Road
Cyril and Methodius were missionaries to:
Slavic people in the north
What group of people invaded the Slavic people and began early Russia?
Varangians (Vikings)
Islam means…
Submission (to allah)
Jihad means…
Holy war
Who was the founder of Islam?
Mohammad
Muslims pray toward and take pilgrimages to what city?
Mecca
What is the Great Schism of 1054?
Permanent divide between The Roman Catholic Church and
the Eastern Orthodox Church. Church politics and religious differences/disagreements are some of the reasons.
The Byzantines saw themselves as _______
Romans
What city was the center of the early Russian state?
Kievan Rus (modern-day Kiev, Ukraine)
The church in Constantinople which means “Holy Wisdom”.
Hagia Sophia
The earliest religion in Korea:
Shamanism
What was the key ingredient in Song dynasty military weapons?
Gunpowder
The “Way of the Warrior” is a Japanese code known as:
Bushido
Who believed their emperor was divine:
Japanese people
What animal is the most important to the Mongolians?
The horse
Which Chinese Dynasty started the process of foot binding?
Song Dynasty
The Japanese warriors were called?
Samurai
Tenochtitlan is the capital of what empire?
Aztec
Known for their peaceful culture:
Hopi people
Built villages out of sun-dried brick
Pueblo people
Native American group that hunted bison-
Plains Indians
The Incas created a large system of _________
Roads
Aztec religious practices include:
human sacrifice, worshipped many gods, especially the sun god.
Missionary to Ireland-
Saint Patrick
Apostle to the Germans-
Boniface
Defeated King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings in 1066:
William the Conqueror
(also known as William the Bastard, but maybe don’t put that on your exam unless you really can’t remember “Conqueror.” He Conquered England though, so it should be pretty straightforward.)
Germanic invaders from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark:
Vikings (Norsemen)
Stopped the Muslims from overtaking France in the Battle of Tours:
Charles Martel
The people of northern Gaul; united by Clovis:
Franks
What is the strict code of behavior for knights?
Chivalry
What is a Page?
1st level to become a knight. Age 7, educated in religion, science, and history. Also learned fencing, riding, and hunting.
What is a Squire?
2nd level to become a knight. Mid-teens, personal assistant to the knight. Training intensified, and responsibilities increased
What is a Knight?
Around age 21 squires were eligible for knighthood. Protectors of life and property, they promised to live by a code of chivalry.
What led to the revival of trade in Europe?
Renewed access to trade routes, growth of markets
and fairs, renewal of a money economy
Describe three effects of the Crusades on Western Europe.
They weakened the feudal system, expanded commercial activity, strengthened papacy, and contact with the east changed people’s attitudes and introduced them to new cultures.
Which charter limited the power of the king?
Magna Carta
Who are the Moors?
Muslims in southern Spain
What is the Reconquista of Spain?
Reconquering Spain and pushing out the Muslims.
(No more Moors)
Describe how the English Parliament began:
It began as a Great Council of advisors from great men from the Kingdom. Under Edward I the Council was expanded to knights from the kingdom. Eventually, the two groups were called the “House of Commons” and the “House of Lords”.
How could a serf become a freeman?
A serf who left the land for a year and a day was declared
free.
Renaissance means:
Rebirth
Who is the “Morning Star of the Reformation”?
John Wycliffe
What happened on Saint Bartholomew’s Day?
Massacre of Huguenots (protestants)
Name the three most famous artists during the High Renaissance:
Michelangelo, Leonardo Di Vinci, Raphael
This powerful Florence family helped to bring in the Renaissance
The Medici family
Developed moveable type in Germany
Johann Gutenberg
Who started the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
His Spanish Armada was destroyed when he went against Queen Elizabeth I
Phillip II
The largest land empire in the world:
Mongolian Empire
Genghis Khan means:
Universal Ruler
Yuan Dynasty in China was ruled by
Kublai Khan, Genghis Khan’s Grandson
Tribute to the Golden Horde ended under which Russian king?
Ivan the Terrible (Ivan III)
Famous building constructed during the Mughal Empire:
Taj Mahal
Which Chinese Dynasty restored Chinese rule and rebuilt the Great Wall?
Ming Dynasty
ESSAY: Explain the process from apprentice to master.
A young boy would start as an apprentice, learning a craft and the proper conduct from a master. Once he became skilled in the craft, he’d become a journeyman, and could find work, usually at the same shop that his master owned. To become a master, he needs years of experience, and he needs to have a shop ready to open. He then needs to pass an oral exam, and present his finest work, or “master piece,” to the other masters of his craft. Then he can become a master.
ESSAY: What are the positive and negative aspects of the Renaissance?
Positive:
Shaped the Reformation, sparked an interest in lit. and art, made education available
Negative:
Weakened moral restraints, people worshipped classical ideas, focused on man and what he achieved aart from God
ESSAY: Describe three things that encouraged the revival of learning in Europe.
The politics and economy in Europe were better than ever before at that time, allowing more and more people the freedom to pursue education. Europe’s contact with Byzantine and Arab civilizations brought both new ideas as well as old ones that had been preserved, so there were many more things to learn about. Towns were also on the rise around this time, and the townspeople wanted education.
ESSAY: Describe the issues that led to the decline and fall of the Roman Empire
Plebeian farmers who fought in the Punic wars were unable to compete with larger farms (owned by Patricians). No one helped them recover, and so they couldn’t pay the intense taxes. Government officials used this as an opportunity for personal gain, as did tax collectors, who collected extra taxes and pocketed them.
Explain how the feudal system worked.
The king of the land would give his vassals a “fief,” or land grant. In exchange they served him, mostly by providing knights for the king should he ever get into war. The vassals could, in turn, split up their fiefs and give smaller portions of land to smaller lords, who would serve them in similar ways. Basically, Feudalism is where you serve your higher-ups in exchange for protection.
