World History

Question 1

The turning point in human history from the hunter-gatherer model for sustenance to an agrarian lifestyle

Answer 1

Neolithic/Agricultural Revolution

Question 2

Where do scientists believe the Agricultural Revolution happened, and why?

Answer 2

In Mesopotamia around 9000 BC because of a gradual warming pattern of the Earth

Question 3

What are the main effects of the Neolithic Revolution?

Answer 3

Groups became more densely populated settlements, which led to specialization, division of labor, and increased trade. This sparked the formation of tools, writing, art, technology, and religion.

Question 4

Loosely formed societies; followed animal migratory patterns; no governmental organization

Answer 4

Hunter-gatherer societies

Question 5

Societies that formed the beginning of modern civilization; stationary civilizations that grew crops and domesticated animals; formed government, laws, and economic systems

Answer 5

Agriculture-based societies

Question 6

Name the four main regions responsible for the advancements of the Neolithic Revolution (AKA the Riverine Civilizations)

Answer 6

Mesopotamia (Tigris-Euphrates river system)

Egypt (Nile River Valley)

Indus Valley Civilization (Indus River/Pakistan)

China (Yellow River)

Question 7

The site of the earliest developments of the Neolithic Revolution

Answer 7

Civilizations of Mesopotamia/The Fertile Crescent

Question 8

What is the most significant development of ancient Mesopotamia?

Answer 8

Cuneiform writing which triggered the recording of history

Question 9

Where is Mesopotamia?

Answer 9

in Western Asia, situated in the fertile valleys between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the region is now home to modern-day Iraq, Kuwait, Turkey and Syria.

Question 10

People of the earliest known civilization in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (5000 BC-1750 BC). These people lived in cities, created the written language called cuneiform, and spoke complex languages.

Answer 10

Sumerians

Question 11

A complex civilization in Mesopotamia (2000 BC - 900 BC). They built businesses, formed religions, and waged wars. They evolved through the Bronze Age and into the Iron Age. Remembered for their military prowess, advances in weaponry, and meticulously recorded conquests.

Answer 11

Assyrians

Question 12

People of the capital of the state of Babylonia in Mesopotamia. Their state was one of the largest ancient civilizations. They created large, complex buildings and created the Code of Hammurabi, which was a system of law and order.

Answer 12

Babylonians

Question 13

A series of symbols used to indicate ones, tens, and hundreds similar to a decimal system.

Answer 13

The Babylonian Numerals

Question 14

The Sumer, Assyrian, and Babylonian civilizations used sophisticated systems of government and rule of ____.

Answer 14

law

Question 15

The most significant piece of literature born in Mesopotamia, influenced the Bible

Answer 15

The Epic of Gilgamesh

Question 16

First civilization to develop their language into a codified form of writing; known as Hieroglyphics. The central purpose of writing was to bring certain concepts or events into existence.

Answer 16

Egyptians

Question 17

First civilization to develop their language into a codified form of writing; known as Hieroglyphics. The central purpose of their writing was to bring certain concepts or events into existence.

Answer 17

Egyptians

Question 18

True or False: Ancient Egyptian art was purely aesthetic

Answer 18

False; Ancient Egyptian art served a practical and functional purpose, such as pottery, sculpture to hold the spirits of the deceased, and charms to protect one from harm

Question 19

One of the most famous architects and builders during Ancient Egyptian times, engineered the corbelled arch which helped in the construction of pyramids

Answer 19

Pharaoh Ramesses the Great

Question 20

Which civilization is credited with inventing paper and ink

Answer 20

Ancient Egyptians

Question 21

Civilization located in the northwest region of India, known for urban planning (a technical and political process concerned with the use of land and design of the urban environment). They are also noted for their baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, and clusters of large, nonresidential buildings.

Answer 21

The Indus Valley Civilization

Question 22

The ancient Chinese civilization that existed from the Neolithic period to the Bronze Age.

Answer 22

The Yellow River Civilization

Question 23

____ was the Greek city-state center for ideas and thought
____ was the Greek city-state center for the military

Answer 23

Athens; Sparta

Question 24

What were the major contributions of the Ancient Greeks?

Answer 24

Democracy, philosophy, developments in science & math, art, architecture, literature, and theater

Question 25

Who started the Hellenistic (Greek cultural influencce and power era) by defeating the Persians?

Answer 25

Alexander the Great

Question 26

What were the major contributions of the Roman Empire?

Answer 26

Architecture, arches, concrete, and plumbing. They perfected aqueducts. They conquered the Greeks.

Question 27

What are the major two religions originating in India?

Answer 27

Hinduism and Buddhism

Question 28

What is the main difference between Confucianism and Taoism?

Answer 28

Confucianism is focused on social responsibilities and relationships while Taoism focuses on the meaning of life or search for meaning (beyond social harmony, more focused on the intangible).

Question 29

What were the major characteristics of the Byzantine Empire?

Answer 29

Located in Athens, Constantinople (now Istanbul), and Southern Italy. Was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople. Art, literature, and education. Known for Diversity, Being an Epicenter for trade, the Orthodox Church, and serving as a connection between Europe and India.

Question 30

Who conquered the Byzantine Empire in 1453?

Answer 30

The Ottoman Empire

Question 31

What were the major characteristics of the Ottoman Empire?

Answer 31

Conquered and ended the Byzantine Empire Controlled much of Western Europe Known as the Turkish Empire Replaced by the Turkish Republic in 1922 (So they were there a Really long time; lasted for over 1100 years)

Question 32

What were the major characteristics of early Africa (1000BC-1500AD)?

Answer 32

African kingdom of Kush in Northern Sudan- known for Gold and Extreme wealth Had a wealth of resources including iron, incense, ivory, wheat, barley, and cotton Trans-Sahara trading

Question 33

What were the major characteristics of the Central and South American Empires?

Answer 33

Resources included corn, beans, squash, and paper Mathematics and astronomy Compass, writing, water management and Medicines Built great pyramids

Question 34

Who invented the first moving assembly line and what did it do?

Answer 34

Henry Ford; it dramatically reduced the time it took to build an automobile and allowed for mass production of many kinds of consumer products

Question 35

Who invented the incandescent lightbulb for commercial use and why was it significant?

Answer 35

Thomas Edison; it was significant because it allowed people to work longer hours in the factories during WWI and WWII.

Question 36

What was the Bessemer steel process and why was it important?

Answer 36

It allowed steel to be mass-produced; was used by Andrew Carnegie to create railroad tracks in the U.S.

Question 37

What triggered the space race between the Soviet Union and the U.S.?

Answer 37

Sputnik; the first satellite launched into space by the Russians.

Question 38

Transition from faith-based reasoning of the Medieval era to rational reasoning (based on facts) during the 17th century

Answer 38

The Age of Reason and the Enlightenment

Question 39

Intellectual movement for freedom, democracy, and reason during the 18th century

Answer 39

The Enlightenment

Question 40

Considered the father of modern philosophy; a major figure in the philosophical movement known as rationalism, a view that our actons should be based on reason and knowledge

Answer 40

René Descartes

Question 41

Political scientist who advocated for the social contract theory (the belief that there are political and moral obligations between a government and its people). He proposed that when the government fails in its moral obligations, the people have the right to revolt. Had a major influence on Jefferson and his framing of the Declaration of Independence.

Answer 41

John Locke

Question 42

Author of the famous anti-church texts: Common Sense, The Age of Reason, and Rights of Man. His writing had a profound influence on the framing of the American government, specifically the separation of church and state

Answer 42

Thomas Paine

Question 43

English philosopher, wrote Leviathan; He proposed that the natural basic state of humankind is one of anarchy, with the strong dominating the weak & our one natural right is of self-preservation.

Answer 43

Thomas Hobbes

Question 44

Irish philosopher of immaterialism. Part of the Enlightenment. Wrote A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge.

Answer 44

Bishop George Berkeley

Question 45

Part of the Enlightenment; French writer and philosopher. Criticized Christianity. Wrote Candide.

Answer 45

Voltaire

Question 46

Part of the Enlightenment; French philosopher and influencer. Wrote The Social Contract.

Answer 46

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 47

Part of the Enlightenment; Economist. Wrote The Wealth of Nations.

Answer 47

Adam Smith

Question 48

Part of the Enlightenment; German philosopher. Wrote Critique of Pure Reason.

Answer 48

Immanuel Kant

Question 49

Part of the Enlightenment; Irish statesman. Criticized British colonialism. Wrote A Vindication of Natural Society.

Answer 49

Edmund Burke

Question 50

An era that led to the "discovery" and conquer of the Americas. It was a time when European nations explored and conquered lands throughout the world. Began in the early 15th century and lasted through the 20th century.

Answer 50

The Age of Exploration

Question 51

The routes European Colonials used to transport slaves from Africa to the Americas and Europe

Answer 51

The Triangular Slave Trade/Trade Triangle

Question 52

The part of the slave trade where African captives were packed into ships and sent from Africa to the West Indies (part of the Caribbean)

Answer 52

The Middle Passage

Question 53

The period of time between 1760-1830 when significant social uprisings occurred in response to tyrannical government control.

Answer 53

The Age of Revolution

Question 54

Which Battle of the American Revolutionary War resulted in the final surrender of the British forces? Who was it led by?

Answer 54

The Battle of Yorktown; General George Washington and Comte de Rochambeau

Question 55

What were the causes of the French Revolution?

Answer 55

1) Political Conflict (between the monarchy and the nobility over the tax system) 2) The Enlightenment (people no longer satisfied with monarchical rule) 3) Social class tensions 4) Ineffective leadership (Louis the 16th was like 20 years old); left France on the verge of bankruptcy 5) Economic Hardship/food shortages

Question 56

What event signaled the start of the French Revolution?

Answer 56

The storming of the political prison known as the Bastille

Question 57

The revolutions, or a revolutionary wave, that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America

Answer 57

The Latin American Wars of Independence

Question 58

What was the first Latin American state to break from Spanish rule and become independent?

Answer 58

Hispaniola

Question 59

What did the Battle at Ayacucho result in?

Answer 59

Peru's independence from Spain

Question 60

Venezuelan military and political leader who led the secession of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama from the Spanish Empire. Nicknamed “El Libertador” (the liberator)

Answer 60

Simón Bolívar

Question 61

The president of Mexico (1861-1872) who fought against foreign occupation

Answer 61

Benito Juárez

Question 62

A time during the 1800s to early 1900s where 14 countries, including the US, mapped out the region of Africa and divided the continent into colonies. They engaged in conflicts with existing African communities and seized their land.

Answer 62

Scramble for Africa

Question 63

After WWI, which two major continents began to revolt against European rule and colonization?

Answer 63

Africa and Asia

Question 64

European Exploration took place during the ___ century

Answer 64

15th

Question 65

European colonization of the American took place during the ___ and ___ century

Answer 65

16th and 17th

Question 66

American colonies revolted during the ___ century

Answer 66

18th

Question 67

European colonization of Africa and Asia took place during the ___ century

Answer 67

19th

Question 68

African and Asian colonies revolted during the ___ century

Answer 68

20th

Question 69

the Olmec built (which pyramids)

Answer 69

La Venta

Question 70

the Teotihuacan built (which pyramids)

Answer 70

Pyramid of the Sun

Question 71

the Mayans built (which pyramids)

Answer 71

Yucatan

Question 72

the Aztec built (which pyramids)

Answer 72

Tenochtitlan

Question 73

the Moche and Inca built (which pyramids)

Answer 73

South America