World Englishes in Multicultural Setting Flashcards
It is a model that categorizes the use and spread of the English language into three concentric circles. English has different uses in different countries and each ‘circle’ refers to a group of countries in which English has a similar level of importance
Kachru’s three concentric circles model
what are the three concentric circles model
Inner circle
outer circle
expanding circle
It is a model that categorizes the use and spread of the English language into three concentric circles. English has different uses
in different countries and each ‘circle’ refers to a group of countries in which English has a similar level of importance
THE GLOBAL SPREAD OF ENGLISH
involved migration from English speakers from the UK to the ‘new world’ ie. present-day
English speaking countries such as Canada, the USA,
Australia
first english diaspora
the result of British colonisation, which brought English to parts of Africa, The Caribbean, Asia, and the South Pacific Islands.
English was used in these territories for trade
(including the slave trade) which led to the
development of New Englishes (ie. varieties of English that are influenced by British/American English).
second diaspora
consists of countries that are traditional bases of English. This includes the UK, USA, Australia, New Zealand, and Anglophone Canada.
These are countries that adopted English in the first
diaspora and now use English as their official
language. In these countries, English is the most
dominant language and most of the population are
native English-speakers.
INNER CIRCLE (ENL)
These countries are considered to be ‘norm-providing’,
meaning that they set the standards and traditions for
the English language
INNER CIRCLE (ENL)
consists of countries that have their own native language but English still holds importance in certain domains eg. in business, trade, or in social contexts.
OUTER CIRCLE (ESL)
These countries are considered to be ‘norm-developing’,
meaning that they develop the norms set by inner circle
countries even further
oUTER CIRCLE (ESL)
consists of all the other countries in the world. Countries in the Expanding Circle speak their own native language and English does not hold that much importance in social, historical, or official
contexts
EXPANDING CIRCLE (EFL)
These countries are considered to be ‘norm-dependent’, meaning that they rely on the inner and outer circle to provide the norms for the English language. These countries generally do not develop their own forms of English.
EXPANDING CIRCLE (EFL)
