World Englishes Flashcards
The three groups of users who can Speak English respectively are:
ENL, ESL, and EFL
- Language of those born and raised in one of the countries where English is historically the first language to be spoken
- 350 million speakers
- ENL (English as Native Language)
What countries are covered by ENL?
UK, USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand
- Language spoken in a large number of territories
- 350 million speakers
ESL (English as Second Language)
What countries are covered by ESL?
India, Nigeria, Singapore, Philippines, Sri Lanka
- Language of those whom it serves no purposes within their own countries
- Was learned to use with its native speakers in the US and UK
- 1 billion speakers
EFL ( English as Foreign Language)
What countries are covered by EFL?
China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Thailand
World Map of English
Peter Streven
- USA, UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand
- proficient in international English
Inner Circle
- Ghana, India, Nigeria, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka
- Native an dforeign language profeciency
Outer Circle
- China, Egypt, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
- learners
Expanding Circles
learner language which has not yet reached the target.
Interlanguage
language used when learning has ceased short of native-like competence.
Fossilised Language
are inadequately learned versions of ‘correct’ native English forms and are not valid as teaching models
Non-native Englishes
- moves away from strictly geographical and historical perspectives, as seen in the ‘circles’ models, by integrating sociolinguistic concepts related to identity.
Schneider’s Dynamic Model
What are the phases of Schneider’s Dynamic Model?
- Phase 1- Foundation
- Phase 2- Exonormative Stabilization
- Phase 3- Nativization
- Phase 4- Endonormative Stabilization
- Phase 5- Differentiation
