World Englishes Flashcards
The three groups of users who can Speak English respectively are:
ENL, ESL, and EFL
- Language of those born and raised in one of the countries where English is historically the first language to be spoken
- 350 million speakers
- ENL (English as Native Language)
What countries are covered by ENL?
UK, USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand
- Language spoken in a large number of territories
- 350 million speakers
ESL (English as Second Language)
What countries are covered by ESL?
India, Nigeria, Singapore, Philippines, Sri Lanka
- Language of those whom it serves no purposes within their own countries
- Was learned to use with its native speakers in the US and UK
- 1 billion speakers
EFL ( English as Foreign Language)
What countries are covered by EFL?
China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Thailand
World Map of English
Peter Streven
- USA, UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand
- proficient in international English
Inner Circle
- Ghana, India, Nigeria, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka
- Native an dforeign language profeciency
Outer Circle
- China, Egypt, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
- learners
Expanding Circles
learner language which has not yet reached the target.
Interlanguage
language used when learning has ceased short of native-like competence.
Fossilised Language
are inadequately learned versions of ‘correct’ native English forms and are not valid as teaching models
Non-native Englishes
- moves away from strictly geographical and historical perspectives, as seen in the ‘circles’ models, by integrating sociolinguistic concepts related to identity.
Schneider’s Dynamic Model
