Studying Meaning Flashcards

1
Q

It is the study of meanings of words, phrases and sentences

A

Semantics

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2
Q

deals with the conventional meaning conveyed

A

Linguistics semantics

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3
Q

there is always an attempt to focus on what the words conventionally mean

A

Semantic Analysis

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4
Q

covers those basic essential components of meaning that are conveyed by the literal use of a word

A

Conceptual meaning

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5
Q

It is the entity that performs the action

A

Agent

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6
Q

It is involved in or affected by the action

A

Theme

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7
Q

When an agent uses another entity in order to perform an action

A

Instrument

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8
Q

When a noun or phrase is used to designate an entity as

A

Experiencer

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9
Q

where the entity is

A

Location

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10
Q

where the entity moves from

A

Source

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11
Q

where the entity moves to

A

Goal

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12
Q

What are the lexical relations?

A

Synonyms
Antonyms
Hyponymy
Prototype
Homophones
Homonyms
Polysemy
Metonymy
Collocation

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13
Q

two or more words with very closely related meanings

A

synonyms

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14
Q

two forms with opposite meanings

A

antonyms

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15
Q

What are the types of antonyms?

A

Gradable and non-gradable

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16
Q

It is opposite along a scale

17
Q

It is the direct opposites

A

Non-gradable

18
Q

when the meaning of one form is included in the meaning of another

19
Q

helps explain the meaning of certain words, not in terms of component features but in terms of resemblance to the clearest example.

20
Q

two or more different (written forms) have the same pronunciation

A

Homophones

21
Q

when one form (written or spoken) has two or more unrelated meanings.

22
Q

when we encounter two or more words with the same form and related meanings

23
Q

A type of relationship based on a close connection in everyday experience, which can be based on: container-contents relation (bottle / water, can /juice) whole-part relation (car / wheels, house / roof) representative-symbol relationship (king / crown, the President /White House).

24
Q

One way we seem to organize our knowledge of words.

A

Collocation

25
it is the interaction of semantic knowledge with knowledge of the world
Pragmatics
26
This means the literal meaning
Denotation
27
are produced by a particular sender in a specific situation
Utterances
28
It is an abstract linguistic object on which an utterance is based
Sentence
29
What are the three stages of interpretation
Literal Meaning Explicature Implicature
30
- semantic knowledge - semantics of sentence in the abstract
Literal Meaning
31
- basic interpretation using contextual information - pragmatics of reference and disambiguation
Explicature
32
- hinted by an utterance in its particular context. It is what the sender’s “agenda” is. - Pragmatic hints
Implicature
33
whatever the expression denotes
Denotation
34
the process of learning words by pint
Ostension
35
systems of formal logic
Formal Semantics
36
aspects of the meaning of an expression that give it the dentation it has
sense
37
use language to explain meanings
sense relations