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finals > world civ > Flashcards

world civ Flashcards

1
Q

a large area of flat unforested grassland in southeastern europe or siberia

A

steppe

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2
Q

a member of a people having no permanent abode, and who travel from place to place to find fresh pasture for their livestock

A

nomad

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3
Q

consolidated tribes into into a unified mongolia and then extended his empire across asia to the adriatic sea

A

genghis khan

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4
Q

a title given to rulers and officials in central asia, afghanistan, and certain other muslim countries (the territory ruled by a khan)

A

khan/khanate

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5
Q

the first foreign-ruled dynasty in chinese history to commander all of china (collapsed because of internal political cohesion disintegrated as growing factionalism at court, rampant corruption, and a succession of natural calamities known for their policies draining wealth, led to failed military ventures, caused chaos and resentment, but also improved trade and commerce)

A

yuan dynasty

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6
Q

the spread of cultural trends across locations

A

cultural diffusion

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7
Q

a vast trade network connecting eurasia and north africa via land and sea routes

A

silk road

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8
Q

a period of relative stability in eurasia under the mongol empire during the 13th and 14th centuries

A

pax mongolica

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9
Q

general in the Japanese language (any of a line of military governors ruling japan until the revolution of 1867-68)

A

shogan

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10
Q

a branch of mahayana buddhism that emphasizes meditation, mindfulness, and the direct experience of enlightenment

A

zen buddhism

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11
Q
  1. emperor (had little real power) 2. shogun (actual ruler) + daimyo (wealthy landowners) 3. samurai (warriors) 4. peasants + artisans (largest class) 5. merchants (can produce nothing on their own)
A

social structure of japan

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12
Q

was led by a military ruler, called a shogun, with the help of a class of military lords, called daimyo

A

political structure of japan

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13
Q

portuguese merchants brought tin, lead, gold, silk, and wolo and cotton textiles among other goods, to japan, which exported swords, lacquer ware, silk and silver

A

portuguese trade

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14
Q

foreign missionaries were killed in Japan, some by crucifixion

A

christian missionaries

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15
Q

the javanese controlled the production and trade of valuable spices like nutmeg, cloves, and pepper , which were in high demand in europe and other parts of the world

A

malaysian/javanese trade routes

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16
Q

the ____ empire which ruled Persia is famous for: shi’a Islam, cultural flourishing, military power, gunpowder, trade + diplomacy, architectural achievements

A

safavid empire

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17
Q

brought almost the entire Indian subcontinent under one domain, drawing the subcontinents regions together through enhanced overload and coastal trading networks

A

Mughal empire

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18
Q

one of the most largest and most long-lasting empires. extended to 3 continents, Europe, Asia, + africa, because of ottoman military + use of gunpowder

A

ottoman empire

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19
Q

ottoman practice of forcibly recruiting soldiers and bureaucrats from among the children of their Balkan Christian subjects and raising them in the religion of Islam

A

devshirme system

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20
Q

the seperate part of a Muslim household reserved for wives, concubines, and female servants

A

harem

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21
Q

member of an elite corps in the standing army of the ottoman empire from the late 14th century to 1826

A

janissaries

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22
Q

expanded the ottoman empire, leading the siege of Constantinople in 1453 and extending the empires reach into the balkans

A

mehmed II

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23
Q

title of the kings of Iran, or Persia

A

shah

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24
Q

from the 11th century was used as a title by Muslim sovereigns

A

sultan

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25
Q

a network of routes used by traders for than 1,500 years from when the han dynasty of china opened trade in 130 bce until 1453 ce when the ottoman empire closed off trade from the west

A

silk road trade

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26
Q

a marketplace containing rows of small shops

A

bazaars

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27
Q

it stands as a masterpiece of ottoman architecture, reflecting the empire’s power and cultural achievements

A

Suleiman mosque

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28
Q

it served as the residence of ottoman sultans for nearly 400 years, functioning as both an admin; strative and educational center of the ottoman empire (

A

topkapi palace

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29
Q

It served as a center of religious, political, and artistic life for the Byzantine world

A

hagia sophia

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30
Q

It served as a center of religious, political, and artistic life for the Byzantine world

A

hagia sophia

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31
Q

serving as a testament to the grandeur of the Mughal empire and the vision of emperor shah Jahan

A

taj mahal

32
Q

the splendid capital of the seljuq and safavid dynasties

A

isfahan

33
Q

______ beliefs heavily influenced governance in land-based empires such as the ottoman empire by promoting the idea of a caliphate led by an elected leader

A

sunni

34
Q

one of the two main branches of Islam, followed especially in Iran, that rejects the first three sunni caliphs and regards Ali, the fourth caliph, as muhammad’s first true successor

A

shi’a

35
Q

________ is a faith as well as a way of life, a world view and philosophy upholding the principles of virtuous and true living for the Indian diaspora throughout the world

A

hindu

36
Q

founder of the Ming dynasty which took over from the mongol yuan dynasty as the rulers of china

A

hong wu

37
Q

moving the capital to Beijing and beginning construction of the forbidden city as an imperial residence

A

yong le

38
Q

the supreme model in the development of ancient Chinese palaces

A

forbidden city

39
Q

Chinese explorer who lead seven great voyages on behalf of the Chinese emperor

A

Zheng he

40
Q

it secures china’s economic development and cultural progress by protecting large sections of important trade routes such as the silk road

A

contributions to the great wall

41
Q

a system wherein weaker tributary states paid gifts and performed a bowing ceremony called kowtowing to the Chinese emperor, symbolizing their subservience

A

tribute system

42
Q

the qin dynasty established the first centralized Chinese bureaucratic empire

A

Chinese dynastic central bureaucracy and regional administrators

43
Q

a seasonal prevailing wind in the region of south and southeastern Asia, blowing from the southwest between may and September and bringing rain, or from the north east between October and april

A

monsoons

44
Q

believed to have served as a royal palace for the local monarch

A

great Zimbabwe

45
Q

the site of cultural and commercial exchanges between East Africa and the outside world

A

Swahili coast

46
Q

a bantu language widely used as a lingua Franco in East Africa and having official status in several countries

A

Swahili

47
Q

founded in the late 10th century by settlers from Arabia and Persia

A

kilwa

48
Q

a sib or clan that constituted the basic socioeconomic unit of inca society

A

ayllu

49
Q

collections of people in small rural villages or political wards in cities who worked in and shared ownership, more or less, of the property and fields

A

calpulli

50
Q

mothers, priestesses, merchants, weavers, midwife, healers, and housekeepers

A

roles of women

51
Q

a pre-modern state in a particular type of subordinate relationship to a more powerful state which involved the sending of a regular token of submission, or tribute, to the superior power

A

tributary states

52
Q

compromised of tenochtitlan along with their main allies of acolhuas of texcoco and tepanecs of tlacopan

A

triple alliance (Aztec)

53
Q

an absolute ruler who’s word was law

A

sapa inca

54
Q

a method used by the incas and other ancient Andean cultures to keep records and communicate information using string and knots

A

quipu

55
Q

mit’a was effectively a form of tribute to the inca government in the form of labor

A

mita tax

56
Q

it was where the Aztecs performed various rites and made offerings to the gods, including human sacrifices

A

temple mayor

57
Q

Aztec palaces used __________ to cover window and doorways

A

featherwork

58
Q

the most important temple in the inca empire

A

coricancha

59
Q

the sun god; he was believed to be the ancestor of the incas

A

inti

60
Q

a deity in Aztec culture and literature

A

quetzalcoatl

61
Q

to keep the sun moving across the sky and preserve their very lives, the Aztecs had to feed huitzilopochtli with human hearts and blood

A

human sacrifice

62
Q

a central figure in the military, political, and economic colonization of mesoamerica in the 16th century, and most notable for his role in the destruction of the Aztec empire in 1521

A

cortes

63
Q

conquered Peru and, after assassinating emperor atahualpa, conquered the inca empire and claimed its territories on behalf of the Spanish crown

A

pizarro

64
Q

a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political and economical ‘rebirth’ following the middle ages

A

renaissance

65
Q

Italian Renaissance artist, architect, engineer, and scientist

A

Leonardo da vinci

66
Q

the most important of the four major basilicas in Rome, which makes it the most important Catholic church on earth

A

St Peter’s basilica

67
Q

first consolidated power in the republic of Florence under Cosimo de medici and his grandson lorenzo ‘the magnificent’ during the first half of the 15th

A

medici family

68
Q

revolutionized European book-making

A

the movable type printing press

69
Q

originated in northern Italy during the 13th and 14th centuries and later spread through continental Europe and England

A

humanism

70
Q

the following of ancient Greek or Roman principles and style in art and literature, generally associated with harmony, restraint, and adherence to recognized standards of form and craftsmanship, especially from the Renaissance to the 18th century

A

classicalism

71
Q

a worldview or political principle that separates religion from other realms of human existence

A

secularism

72
Q

came to be considered the beginning of the protestant reformation

A

luther’s 95 theses

73
Q

a grant by the pope of remission of the temporal punishment in purgatory still due for sins about absolution the unrestricted sale of __________ by pardoners was a widespread abuse during the later middle ages

A

indulgences

74
Q

a member or followed of any of the western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic church and follow the principles of the reformation, including the baptist, presbyterian, and Lutheran churches

A

protestant

75
Q

the term ‘________’ refers to the office held by the ____, the head of the Roman Catholic church

A

papacy/papal/pope

76
Q

efforts in the 16th and early 17th centuries to oppose the protestant reformation and reform the Catholic church

A

counter-reformation

finals (5 decks)

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