World Cities Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is the aim of a city challenge partnership?

A

Improve the social, economic and environmental conditions of urban areas in decline

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2
Q

What are the positives of a city challenge partnership?

A

Relationship between public and private sector seen as an advantage
Correct the negatives of failed regeneration schemes
Local people involved
Equal importance of improving buildings and conditions for people

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3
Q

What characteristics did an area have that needed a city challenge partnership?

A

Deprived areas
High unemployment, long term, mainly youth
Low skills and education
Poor physical environment
Social issues including crime and health issues
Poor housing

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4
Q

What are the negatives of a city challenge partnership?

A

Competition meant some areas which actually needed money didn’t get it
Bidders not all given the same money
Competition between local areas which previously would have worked together
Not clear how plans would be assessed

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5
Q

What is an example of property led regeneration?

A

Urban development corporation

London Docklands

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6
Q

What was an urban development corporation?

A

Physical, social, economic regeneration of previously deprived areas
Corporation given planning powers above local authorities
Public money invested in infrastructure to attract private investment
Boards made of local people

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7
Q

What were the negatives of UDC?

A

Employment generated not sufficient (skills mismatch)
Change in land values mean a loss as UDCs must buy land that has lost value
Above local authority means lack of voice
Physical and social exclusion

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8
Q

What are schemes in the 21st century?

A

Flagship projects to prevent areas from being in decline
Eg Cardiff Bay
Development of sustainable communities to allow people to a stable job, stable income and a home with a fair quality of life
Maximising personal potential

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9
Q

Outline the need for the LDDC

A

1960’s increase in size and demand of containers meant that shallow docks could not receive containers
1980’s derelict land, unemployment, population loss, poor public transport 20% housing unsustainable
150,000 jobs lost

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10
Q

Physical regeneration of Docklands

A
600ha land reclaimed
£155mn spent
90km new roads 
DLR and new bus routes 
City airport 
Excel centre
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11
Q

What is a city challenge partnership?

A

Partnership between local government and private sector

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12
Q

Economic regelation of Docklands

A

£1120mn public £8420 private investment
Commercial redevelopment in Canary Wharf
Business doubled in 9 years
Double employment 41000 new jobs

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13
Q

Social regeneration of Docklands

A

15200 new homes
5300 homes refurbished double population
New leisure facilities

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14
Q

Environmental regeneration of Docklands

A

100,000 new trees
17 conservation areas
90km waterfront
130 ha green space

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15
Q

Negative impacts of LDDC

A
New homes too expensive for locals
Redevelopment attracted affluent 
Population decline solution too late
Lack of community feel 
Mismatch of skills 36% unskilled
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16
Q

Management of LDDC

A

40% housing in Shadwell and Wapping made affordable
Centres made for basic skills training
Skillnet to provide skills

17
Q

What were the traditional shopping patterns

A

Daily shopping for convenience goods

Long rare journeys for high cost goods such as electricals and clothes

18
Q

1970’s shopping

A

Large supermarkets food and non food

Hyper markets included clothes and electricals

19
Q

1980’s shopping

A

Development of non food retail parks eg b&q on outskirts of town

20
Q

1990’s shopping

A

Out of town shopping areas on periphery by motorway

21
Q

4 factors leading to retail change

A

Increased mobility
Change in shopping habits
Change in nature of shopping
Change in expectations

22
Q

What is change in nature of shopping habits

A

Freezers
Ready meals
Weekly shops
Longer opening hours

23
Q

Increased mobility

A
City centres pedestrianised limited parking 
Increased cars
Out of town have large free parking 
Motorways less congested 
Petrol stations not corner shops
24
Q

Changing expectations of shopping habits

A

Social activity

Leisure things like cinemas

25
Q

Changing nature shopping habits

A

Companies aim to outcompete eachother
Decrease in independent retailers
To increase economies of scale move to cheaper out of town areas

26
Q

General characteristics of an out of town shopping area

A
developed on a brownfield site 
large car parking 
on or near a motorway junction 
linked with entertainment 
network of transport
27
Q

When did the Trafford Centre open?

A

1998