World cities Flashcards

1
Q

Nature of World cities

A

Main four: New York, London, Paris, and Tokyo.

Clusters of TNC and headquarters -> high urbanisation in WC
-> New York TNC - Uber and American express

High levels of connectivity -> globalisation

Hub for invention and human capital -> division of labour.

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2
Q

Character of World cities

A

Hold majority governmental organisations -> director of links
-> London House of Parliament

World leading educational institutions -> economic benefits of quantiary business
-> NYU and University of London

High media presence -> forefront of cultural globalisation.
->New York Times & The Times

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3
Q

Spatial distribution World cities

A

Clustered in Europe and North America -> due to gaining resources through colonisation.
Ranked by Alpha, Beta and Gamma
- Alpha: Sydney
- Beta: Miami
- Gamma: Cleveland

Growth of WC in Africa and Asia

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4
Q

Economic role of WC

A

Focuses on Tertiary and quaternary -> juxtaposes those of the MC which focus on primary and secondary.
-> Main industry is financial service

Abundant of fortune 500 companies and Unicorn companies -> effects of globalisation
-> 50 ish FORTUNE 500 COMPANIES in NYC
-> 150 ish Unicorn companies in NYC

Fast broadband network -> globalisation
-> NYC and London have fibre optic cables to their stock exchanges

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5
Q

Cultural role of WC

A

High quantity of tourists, due to ‘cultural wealth’ in the region.
-> 30 million annual tourists to London

Numerous, clustored embassies in WC, facilitated by the ‘connectivity’ of world cities -> linkage to developing & developed world
-> London 160 ish embassories

Presents of sporting events
-> Sydney 2000 Olympics
-> NYC New York Jets

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6
Q

Operation of global networks CAPITAL:

A

WC invest into the developing world -> creation of a relationship of dominance and dependence.

WC make decisions for MC, exploiting low-cost economics -> exploitation of the developing world - leading to mass unemployment in MC
-> Nike use of sweatshops in Bangladesh

Often outsourcing of labour from WC to MC, in the industries of primary and secondary.
-> Automobile industry leaving AUS to Asia (due to high wages in AUS).

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7
Q

Operations of global networks INFORMATION

COME BACK TOOO

A

WC strong links to other cities, especially developing -> Creation of a hierarchy of cities.

WC have high level of ‘connectivity’ to other financial areas

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7
Q

Operation of global networks TRANSPORT NODES

A

Major connecting airports
-> London Heathrow Aiport: travel to 90 countries & 6 million annual passengers

Nodes of information and connection to branches

Development of transport infrastructure
-> Tokyo bullet train: 5 million rides daily

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8
Q

Operations of global networks PEOPLE

A

Immigration of high-skilled workers from MC to WC
-> 130,000 international students in NYC.

TNC having many branch offices

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9
Q

Relationship between Urban centers and World cities

Ask teacher about

A

Both require the other to prosper

WC dominate through cultural & economic authority over UC
-> West Yorkshire hold primary sector such as iron and coal ore industry
-> These primary resources are thus used by WC.

UC are reliant on World cities -> evident in major highways connecting WC & UC
-> M1 highway connecting London to West Yorkshire

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10
Q

Changing role of regional centers

A

Are growing due to economic restructuring & decentralisation
-> Medium weekly income of 1.4 thousand

Centralisation of the outback, enabling hubs for employment and educational opportunities.
-> Woolworths established in Dubbo
-> 120,000 regional customers annually

A node connecting rural AUS, becoming the center of urban sprawl of rural AUS.
-> -> Dubbo grew 90% since 1976

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11
Q

Demise of small towns
Small town is a pop lower than 10,000 people.

A

Population are decline due to the youth leaving to WC or UC for work.
-> Since 2000 Moree has declined by 20%
-> Medium income of 1.3 thousand a week

Decline of expansion and thus a decay of current infrastrucuture.
-> Collaspe of the service industry in small towns
-> Exacerbates the migration of youth towards Urban centers.

Focus on economically supporting the UC & WC, which has saw their focus primary and secondary industry -> demise of the small town.

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