World cities Flashcards
Nature of World cities
Main four: New York, London, Paris, and Tokyo.
Clusters of TNC and headquarters -> high urbanisation in WC
-> New York TNC - Uber and American express
High levels of connectivity -> globalisation
Hub for invention and human capital -> division of labour.
Character of World cities
Hold majority governmental organisations -> director of links
-> London House of Parliament
World leading educational institutions -> economic benefits of quantiary business
-> NYU and University of London
High media presence -> forefront of cultural globalisation.
->New York Times & The Times
Spatial distribution World cities
Clustered in Europe and North America -> due to gaining resources through colonisation.
Ranked by Alpha, Beta and Gamma
- Alpha: Sydney
- Beta: Miami
- Gamma: Cleveland
Growth of WC in Africa and Asia
Economic role of WC
Focuses on Tertiary and quaternary -> juxtaposes those of the MC which focus on primary and secondary.
-> Main industry is financial service
Abundant of fortune 500 companies and Unicorn companies -> effects of globalisation
-> 50 ish FORTUNE 500 COMPANIES in NYC
-> 150 ish Unicorn companies in NYC
Fast broadband network -> globalisation
-> NYC and London have fibre optic cables to their stock exchanges
Cultural role of WC
High quantity of tourists, due to ‘cultural wealth’ in the region.
-> 30 million annual tourists to London
Numerous, clustored embassies in WC, facilitated by the ‘connectivity’ of world cities -> linkage to developing & developed world
-> London 160 ish embassories
Presents of sporting events
-> Sydney 2000 Olympics
-> NYC New York Jets
Operation of global networks CAPITAL:
WC invest into the developing world -> creation of a relationship of dominance and dependence.
WC make decisions for MC, exploiting low-cost economics -> exploitation of the developing world - leading to mass unemployment in MC
-> Nike use of sweatshops in Bangladesh
Often outsourcing of labour from WC to MC, in the industries of primary and secondary.
-> Automobile industry leaving AUS to Asia (due to high wages in AUS).
Operations of global networks INFORMATION
COME BACK TOOO
WC strong links to other cities, especially developing -> Creation of a hierarchy of cities.
WC have high level of ‘connectivity’ to other financial areas
Operation of global networks TRANSPORT NODES
Major connecting airports
-> London Heathrow Aiport: travel to 90 countries & 6 million annual passengers
Nodes of information and connection to branches
Development of transport infrastructure
-> Tokyo bullet train: 5 million rides daily
Operations of global networks PEOPLE
Immigration of high-skilled workers from MC to WC
-> 130,000 international students in NYC.
TNC having many branch offices
Relationship between Urban centers and World cities
Ask teacher about
Both require the other to prosper
WC dominate through cultural & economic authority over UC
-> West Yorkshire hold primary sector such as iron and coal ore industry
-> These primary resources are thus used by WC.
UC are reliant on World cities -> evident in major highways connecting WC & UC
-> M1 highway connecting London to West Yorkshire
Changing role of regional centers
Are growing due to economic restructuring & decentralisation
-> Medium weekly income of 1.4 thousand
Centralisation of the outback, enabling hubs for employment and educational opportunities.
-> Woolworths established in Dubbo
-> 120,000 regional customers annually
A node connecting rural AUS, becoming the center of urban sprawl of rural AUS.
-> -> Dubbo grew 90% since 1976
Demise of small towns
Small town is a pop lower than 10,000 people.
Population are decline due to the youth leaving to WC or UC for work.
-> Since 2000 Moree has declined by 20%
-> Medium income of 1.3 thousand a week
Decline of expansion and thus a decay of current infrastrucuture.
-> Collaspe of the service industry in small towns
-> Exacerbates the migration of youth towards Urban centers.
Focus on economically supporting the UC & WC, which has saw their focus primary and secondary industry -> demise of the small town.
