Urban dynamics Flashcards
Suburbanisation
Development of medium to low density housing on outskirts of cities -> Propagates the growth of urban sprawl
-> Parramatta & West Dapto
Development of large regional shopping centres
Construction of expressways, public transport to WC -> due to movement of people away from the inner city into the new suburbs
-> 8.5 billion investment of North West Rail Link - facilitating suburbanisation
Counter-urbanisation
Reverse of urbanisation
-> Gerroa and Javis bay
People experiencing a sea change, very similar to ex-urbanisation.
Decentralisation
Moving of business from city centre to small regional centres -> further exaggerating the decline of the small town, as it prompts further job opportunities.
-> Orange
Movement of city dwellers to rural areas -> urbanisation of rural AUS & consequential urban sprawl
Creation of satellite cities (regional centers)
Urban consolidation
Policy of increasing population density in urbanised zones -> Satisfy desire for diversity of housing
Brownfield development
-> cleaned-up brownfield sites have been shown to increase nearby residential property values by 5-15%
-> This approach minimizes the need for expanding into undeveloped greenfield areas, thereby reducing urban sprawl and promoting more sustainable urban growth
Imperatives of accessibility -> reduces congestion creating transit originated precincts
Development of land zoning and strata laws
Urban decay
Urban infrastructure falls into disrepair, due to the fall of the industrial sector across Sydney.
-> Port Kembla decaying port: 2ooha are identified as unused
Driven by economic restructuring of old industrial areas in Sydney.
Changing morphology in the region -> leading to Urban renewal of the region.
Urban renewal
Replacement of all old decaying infrastructure
Performed to shift economic production to knowledge-based services -> spatial inequality, as due to their high paying jobs regions become locked to the wealthy due to high rental and property prices.
In residential areas, gentrification often takes place -> social housing close to the inner city is being sold and replaced by the rich.
-> Walsh bay urban renewal: 1960’s site of crime and murder, now 5 crimes per 1000.
-> Gentrification of Miller point: 600 public tenants were relocated, leading to average property costing $1.5 million
Urban village
Socio-economic clustering of commerce
Can be associated with particular ethnic group
-> China town: 32% chinese population
Struggle for attention against retail districts
Spatial exclusion
Minimal examples of gated communities in AUS
AUS favours master-planned estates instead
Social structures & spatial patterns
OCCUPATION & INCOME:
High rents exclude low income owners
-> Sydney top 10 most expensive cities in the world
-> gentrification of Syndey -> to increase in cost
Educated or trained jobs result in higher income
-> $1,800 per week for a bachelor degree
Decline in manufacturing employment
-> Fall of manufacturing industry more than 25% across Sydney evident in Port Kembla.
Social structures & spatial patterns
Homes
Renters are disadvantaged due to rising property values ->the further west, the more socially disadvantaged -> an effect of suburbanization in the 1940’s.
-> chasing the ‘Australian dream’
-> North Parramatta property values rose 20%.
Wealthy can purchase multiple properties leading to skyrocketing property values -> ‘housing bubble’ -> spatial exclusion
-> 10% of houses were not used as primary residence
However, Gentrification (Urban renewal) of Millar point leading to 600 social wealthfare tenets to be removed
-> Trend of Forcing the socially disadvantaged out of the inner city -> less job opportunities as they further from CBD -> further suburbanisation = rising prices.
Social structures & spatial patterns education
Environment fostered educational prowess + private schooling are receiving more money from government
-> four in ten of private schools are overfunded by government i.e Frensham
Private institutional have higher highschool retention rates -> Poorer kids have lower retention rates then the rich
Year 11 and 12 - 2021 (NSW education)
Sydney-North 90% retention rates
Sydney-SouthWest 80% retention rate
-> Suburbanisation leads to undeveloped school institutions which results in lower retention rates
-> Future looks bleak, with the gap widening resulting in a larger divide in education and therefore in economic opportunities.
Educational institutions place pupils into social order -> poor people can’t afford the increasing price of private schools.
Social structures & spatial patterns
Healthcare
EFFECTS OF SubURBANIZATION ON HEALTH:
Location affects ability to access healthcare -> the further West experiences less GP’s per 100,000 pop.
-> Eastern sydney 1100 GP per 100,000
-> South-West Sydney 800 GP per 100,000
Higher premature death in western sydney -> poor receive limited care.
-> 130 deaths per 100,000 Penrith
-> 70 deaths per 100,000 Northbridge
Inner city experienced faster healthcare compared to outskirts -> Rich receive excessive care
-> Penrith waiting 120 days
-> Royal Prince Alford (heart of the CBD) 40 ish days for a hip replacement
Social structures & spatial patterns
Ethnicity
White Australia policy prohibited ‘aliens’ from entering, this openly racial discrimination saw mass British immigration therefore, shaping Sydney current demographic portfolio.
Increased diversity -> evident in the growth of different nationalities in CBD however still greatly outnumbered.
-> 1.4 million Australians speak an Asian language
-> trend: increasing of ethnicity in the CBD, rise of Italian and south-east Asian in the CBD
URBAN VILLAGES: Ethnic groups ‘segregated’ into ‘ghettos’ across Sydney -> Dismisses egalitarian identity
-> China town
Changing economic character: Residential
Medium to high density is focalled in CBD -> More people living in apartments
45% of Greater sydney lives in medium to hgih density housing areas.
Rentals are potent in the CBD and surrounding area while privately owned is found on the outskirts.
-> 90% of pop in Pyrmont lives in appartments
Affordability is correlated with livability -> the further west the lower the livability + Areas close to harbour and coastline had high livability.
Suburbs with higher finical entry had higher livability (low crime) - due to pumping of local funds into livability.
-> 25 crimes per 1000 in Claymore
-> 16 crimes per 1000 in Bondi Junction
Changing economic character: Commercial
Westernised city transport development supports commercial activities
-> Commonwealth bank moving to CIA (central industrial area) resulting in gentrification and urban renewal.
Growth of the suburban megacity retail & banks
-> Costco found in Parramatta
NSW infrastructure projects to expand Sydney economic dominance
-> Extending the train yard to Macarthur
