World Flashcards
1
Q
Reply-letter doctrine
A
A document can be authenticated by establishing that it qualifies as a reply letter. To do so, the proponent must show that (1) the document was written in response to an earlier communication and (2) the contents make it unlikely that it was written by someone other than the recipient of the earlier communication.
2
Q
Oral statement voice authentication?
A
Oral statements can be authenticated by having the speaker’s voice identified by any person who (1) has heard the speaker’s voice firsthand or through a device at any time and (2) can connect the speaker’s voice to the oral statement at issue.
