Workshop Flashcards
What is the purpose of the vertebral column?
Protection
Support
Movement
Muscle attachment
How many compartments does the neck have?
4, enclosed by a musculofasciql collar:
- vertebral compartment
- visceral compartment
- two vascular compartments
What does the visceral compartment of the neck contain?
Cervical vertebrae
Which structures of the neck are associated to the respiratory and digestive tracts?
Larynx and pharynx
What are sutures?
Immovable furious joints
What are fontanelles?
large membranous and unossified gaps between the bones of the skull, particularly between the large flat bones that cover the top of the cranial cavity
What is the function of fontanelles?
- allow head to deform during its oasis age through the birth canal
- postnatal growth
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
What are the characteristics of cervical vertebrae?
- small bodies
- bifida spinous processes
# transverse processes that contain FORAMEN TRANSVERSARIUM
What do the foramina transversaria form?
Longitudinal passage on each side of the cervical vertebral column for blood vessels: vertebral artery and veins
Where is muscular attanchemenr found?
At the anterior and posterior tubercles
Which cervical vertebrae move the head?
C I and C II
What is the name of the U shaped bone?
What is peculiar about it?
Hyoid bone
Does not articulate with any other skeletal elements in the head and neck
Highly movable and strong anchor for muscles
What is the soft palate?
Soft tissue flap-like structure hinged to the back of the hard palate
What does the pharynx involve?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
What muscles are in the head?
- extra-ocular muscles = move eyeball and open eyelid
- muscles of middle ear= adjust the movement of middle ear bones
- muscles of facial expression= move the face
- muscles of mastication= move the jaw-temporomandibular joint
- muscle of soft palate= elevate and depress palate
- muscle of tongue= move and change the contour of the tongue
What are the muscles in the neck?
- muscles of the pharynx = constrict and elevate pharynx
- muscles of the larynx= adjust the dimensions of the air pathway
- strap muscles= position the larynx and hyoid bone in the neck
- muscles of the outer cervical collar= move the head and upper limb
- postural muscles = position neck and head
What are the two Important vertebral levels in the neck and why?
1- between C III and C IV: common carotid artery bifurcated into internal and external carotid arteries
2- between C V and C VI: indentation between the cricoid cartilage of the larynx and the first tracheal ring can be palpated
Which arteries supply head and neck?
Internal carotid artery: ascend into the skull to supply much of the brain + supplies eye and orbit
External carotid artery: branches of this cup ply regions of head and neck
N.B.: internal carotid artery has NO BRANCHES IN NECK
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12
Which cranial nerve descends through the neck into the thorax and abdomen to innervate viscera?
Vagus nerve - X
Which cranial nerves carry out the parasympathetic fibres to target tissues in the head?
OULOMOTOR NERVE III
FACIAL NERVE VII
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL IX
VAGUS NERVE X
Which cranial nerve distribute parasympathetic fibres in the head?
Branches of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE.
Which cranial nerve deliver parasympathetic fibres to thoracic and abdominal viscera?
VAGUS NERVE X
How many are the cervical nerves?
8
Where do cervical nerves emerge from?
C1 to C7 from vertebral canal above their respective vertebrae
C8 between CVIII and TI
What forms the cervical plexus?
Anterior rami of C1 to C4 cervical nerves
What does the cervical plexus supply?
Branches supply:
- strap muscles
- diaphragm (phrenic nerve)
- skin on anterior and lateral parts of neck
- skin on the upper anterior thoracic wall
- skin on the inferior parts of the head
What forms the brachial plexus?
Anterior rami of C5 to C8 with anterior ramps of T1
What does the brachial plexus innervate?
Upper limb
What is a common chamber for digestive and respiratory tract?
Pharynx
Which muscles form the outer cervical collar?
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Vertebral arteries arise from?
Subclavian artery
Where do the vertebral arteries pass through to meet?
Which artery do they form?
Through TRANSVERSE FORAMEN of c6- C1
Form Basilar artery
Where do cervical movements occur?
C0- C1: flex and extend
C1-C2: rotation
C3-C7: all movements
Where is the thyroid gland located?
found in the anterior neck, just below the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)
C5-T1
What parts of the respiratory tract are found in the neck?
Trachea
Larynx
Oropharynx
C4-C6
C6-T4
Bifurcation carina
What parts of the digestive tract are found in the neck?
Pharynx
Oesophagus
C0-C6
C6-T11 T12
What is the function of the thyroid gland?
Regulate metabolism
What are the parts of the thyroid gland?
2 lobes ( right and left) joined by the isthmus
What are the 3 main jugular veins on either side of the neck?
External jugular
Internal jugular
Anterior jugular
Which veins are responsible for the drainage of the whole head and neck?
External jugular
Internal jugular
Anterior jugular
Where does the anterior jugular vein drains?
Descends down the midline of the necks into the subclavian vein
Where does the external jugular vein drains into?
Where is it located?
Subclavian vein
Located anteriorly to the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Where is the internal jugular vein?
Deep to sternocleoidomastoid muscle
Combines with subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein
