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Head And Neck Anatomy > Workshop > Flashcards

Workshop Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the vertebral column?

A

Protection
Support
Movement
Muscle attachment

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2
Q

How many compartments does the neck have?

A

4, enclosed by a musculofasciql collar:

  • vertebral compartment
  • visceral compartment
  • two vascular compartments
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3
Q

What does the visceral compartment of the neck contain?

A

Cervical vertebrae

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4
Q

Which structures of the neck are associated to the respiratory and digestive tracts?

A

Larynx and pharynx

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5
Q

What are sutures?

A

Immovable furious joints

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6
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

large membranous and unossified gaps between the bones of the skull, particularly between the large flat bones that cover the top of the cranial cavity

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7
Q

What is the function of fontanelles?

A
  • allow head to deform during its oasis age through the birth canal
  • postnatal growth
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8
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of cervical vertebrae?

A
  • small bodies
  • bifida spinous processes
    # transverse processes that contain FORAMEN TRANSVERSARIUM
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10
Q

What do the foramina transversaria form?

A

Longitudinal passage on each side of the cervical vertebral column for blood vessels: vertebral artery and veins

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11
Q

Where is muscular attanchemenr found?

A

At the anterior and posterior tubercles

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12
Q

Which cervical vertebrae move the head?

A

C I and C II

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13
Q

What is the name of the U shaped bone?

What is peculiar about it?

A

Hyoid bone

Does not articulate with any other skeletal elements in the head and neck

Highly movable and strong anchor for muscles

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14
Q

What is the soft palate?

A

Soft tissue flap-like structure hinged to the back of the hard palate

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15
Q

What does the pharynx involve?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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16
Q

What muscles are in the head?

A
  • extra-ocular muscles = move eyeball and open eyelid
  • muscles of middle ear= adjust the movement of middle ear bones
  • muscles of facial expression= move the face
  • muscles of mastication= move the jaw-temporomandibular joint
  • muscle of soft palate= elevate and depress palate
  • muscle of tongue= move and change the contour of the tongue
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17
Q

What are the muscles in the neck?

A
  • muscles of the pharynx = constrict and elevate pharynx
  • muscles of the larynx= adjust the dimensions of the air pathway
  • strap muscles= position the larynx and hyoid bone in the neck
  • muscles of the outer cervical collar= move the head and upper limb
  • postural muscles = position neck and head
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18
Q

What are the two Important vertebral levels in the neck and why?

A

1- between C III and C IV: common carotid artery bifurcated into internal and external carotid arteries

2- between C V and C VI: indentation between the cricoid cartilage of the larynx and the first tracheal ring can be palpated

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19
Q

Which arteries supply head and neck?

A

Internal carotid artery: ascend into the skull to supply much of the brain + supplies eye and orbit

External carotid artery: branches of this cup ply regions of head and neck

N.B.: internal carotid artery has NO BRANCHES IN NECK

20
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

21
Q

Which cranial nerve descends through the neck into the thorax and abdomen to innervate viscera?

A

Vagus nerve - X

22
Q

Which cranial nerves carry out the parasympathetic fibres to target tissues in the head?

A

OULOMOTOR NERVE III
FACIAL NERVE VII
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL IX
VAGUS NERVE X

23
Q

Which cranial nerve distribute parasympathetic fibres in the head?

A

Branches of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE.

24
Q

Which cranial nerve deliver parasympathetic fibres to thoracic and abdominal viscera?

A

VAGUS NERVE X

25
Q

How many are the cervical nerves?

A

8

26
Q

Where do cervical nerves emerge from?

A

C1 to C7 from vertebral canal above their respective vertebrae

C8 between CVIII and TI

27
Q

What forms the cervical plexus?

A

Anterior rami of C1 to C4 cervical nerves

28
Q

What does the cervical plexus supply?

A

Branches supply:

  • strap muscles
  • diaphragm (phrenic nerve)
  • skin on anterior and lateral parts of neck
  • skin on the upper anterior thoracic wall
  • skin on the inferior parts of the head
29
Q

What forms the brachial plexus?

A

Anterior rami of C5 to C8 with anterior ramps of T1

30
Q

What does the brachial plexus innervate?

A

Upper limb

31
Q

What is a common chamber for digestive and respiratory tract?

A

Pharynx

32
Q

Which muscles form the outer cervical collar?

A

Trapezius

Sternocleidomastoid

33
Q

Vertebral arteries arise from?

A

Subclavian artery

34
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries pass through to meet?

Which artery do they form?

A

Through TRANSVERSE FORAMEN of c6- C1

Form Basilar artery

35
Q

Where do cervical movements occur?

A

C0- C1: flex and extend
C1-C2: rotation
C3-C7: all movements

36
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

found in the anterior neck, just below the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

C5-T1

37
Q

What parts of the respiratory tract are found in the neck?

A

Trachea
Larynx
Oropharynx

C4-C6
C6-T4
Bifurcation carina

38
Q

What parts of the digestive tract are found in the neck?

A

Pharynx
Oesophagus

C0-C6
C6-T11 T12

39
Q

What is the function of the thyroid gland?

A

Regulate metabolism

40
Q

What are the parts of the thyroid gland?

A

2 lobes ( right and left) joined by the isthmus

41
Q

What are the 3 main jugular veins on either side of the neck?

A

External jugular
Internal jugular
Anterior jugular

42
Q

Which veins are responsible for the drainage of the whole head and neck?

A

External jugular
Internal jugular
Anterior jugular

43
Q

Where does the anterior jugular vein drains?

A

Descends down the midline of the necks into the subclavian vein

44
Q

Where does the external jugular vein drains into?

Where is it located?

A

Subclavian vein

Located anteriorly to the sternocleidomastoid muscle

45
Q

Where is the internal jugular vein?

A

Deep to sternocleoidomastoid muscle

Combines with subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein

Head And Neck Anatomy (2 decks)

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