workshop 3 Flashcards
What are the four main tissue types?
Epithelial
What characterizes muscle tissue?
Ability to create force and movement; highly vascularized
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal
What is the prefix ‘myo’ or ‘mys’ associated with?
Muscle (e.g.
Where is skeletal muscle found?
Attached to bones
Where is cardiac muscle found?
In the heart
Where is smooth muscle found?
In tubes and cavities of the body (e.g.
What are the characteristics of muscle tissue?
Excitability
What is excitability in muscle tissue?
The ability to respond to stimuli
What is contractility in muscle tissue?
The ability to forcibly shorten
What is extensibility in muscle tissue?
The ability to stretch or lengthen
What is elasticity in muscle tissue?
The ability to recoil after stretching
What are the functions of muscle tissue?
Producing movement
What are skeletal muscle cells also known as?
Muscle fibers
What is the basic structural unit of a muscle?
Sarcomere
What are the two types of myofilaments?
Actin (thin) and Myosin (thick)
What are the connective tissue layers of muscle?
Endomysium
What does the endomysium cover?
One muscle fiber (one skeletal muscle cell)
What does the perimysium cover?
A group of muscle fibers called a fascicle
What does the epimysium cover?
The whole muscle
What is a motor unit?
A single neuron and the muscle fibers it controls
Why do skeletal muscles have a rich blood supply?
Because contracting muscle fibers require a lot of energy
What are the different shapes of muscles?
Parallel
What are the subtypes of pennate muscles?
Unipennate
What are quadrate muscles?
Muscles with four sides
What is proximal attachment of a muscle?
Attachment that remains fixed or moves least
What is distal attachment of a muscle?
Attachment that moves most
What is a concentric muscle contraction?
Contraction that results in muscle shortening
What is an eccentric muscle contraction?
Contraction that occurs while muscle lengthens
What is an isometric muscle contraction?
Muscle length does not change during contraction
What is an agonist muscle?
Muscle principally responsible for a movement
What is an antagonist muscle?
Muscle that opposes a movement
What is a synergist muscle?
Muscle that assists the prime mover or stabilizes related joints
What is a fixator muscle?
Muscle that stabilizes one part of the body during movement of another part
What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle?
Striated
What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle?
Striated
What are the characteristics of smooth muscle?
Unstriated
What is the function of deep fascia?
Packages and protects muscles
What initiates a muscle contraction?
Release of calcium causing actin and myosin filaments to slide over each other
What determines the strength of a muscle contraction?
The number of motor units activated
What type of tissue is deep fascia made of?
Connective tissue
What is the purpose of tendons?
To attach muscle to bone
What is the purpose of aponeuroses?
Sheet-like muscle attachments to bone or other tissues
What is the difference between direct and indirect muscle attachment?
Direct: Epimysium blends with periosteum; Indirect: Through tendons or aponeuroses
What are muscle compartments?
Sections of muscle divided by deep fascia
What is a muscle fascicle?
A bundle of muscle fibers covered by perimysium
What is the main function of skeletal muscle?
Producing movement
How are muscles named?
By location
