worksheet 1 Flashcards
what is a geological fault
where rock has broken and moved
what is a fracture
where rock has broken
what is a normal fault
causes horizontal extension –> foot wall moves up while hanging wall moves down
what is the foot/hanging fault in terms of faults
foot –> rock below fault
hanging –> rock above fault
what is a reverse fault
causes horizontal compression –> hanging wall moves up while foot wall moves down
what is a wrench/strike-slip fault
causes lateral movement –> the rocks slide by one another but neither moves up/down. produced by shear
what is dip of bedding
angle from horizontal that the rock is slanted (way water drips down the rock) – vertical rock has 90º dip while horizontal rock has 0º dip
what does the scale of the map represent
cm on map: cm in real life (if 1cm represents 21.74 km or 2174000 cm then the scale is 1:2,174,000)
what is strike of bedding
compass direction of the line made by the intersection of dipping rock and the horizontal plane
explain the strike & dip symbol
the strike is the long part of the t, the short part of the t is the dip and the number is the angle of the dip
what is folding
when layers of rock are overturned/bent during geological events (like mountain building)
what is the anticline
when rocks are bent upwards (looks like a rainbow). this means that the oldest rocks are in the middle
what is the syncline
when rocks are bent downwards (looks like a U). the rocks in the middle are the youngest here
how are synclines and anticlines connected
they tend to occur together, often moving in to one other over and over
what is the difference between anticlines/synclines and antiforms/snyforms
anticlines/synclines are used when stratigraphy is the correct way up. antiforms/synforms are when stratigraphy may not be correct way up
