Working w/ Children Flashcards
How many children display disruptive behaviour?
20-25%
Correlated w/ age and type of procedure
How can distress be manifested?
Verbal: crying, moaning, screaming
Behavioural: flinching, blocking
How can contribute to disruptive behaviour?
Early experience: classic conditioning/ observation
Pain experience: sensitivity/ pain threshold
How can first impressions help behaviour?
Positive approach - meet child in waiting room Use first name Position self same level Be encouraging Use play and the environment
What are non-pharmacological ways of dealing w/ behaviour?
Effective communication Tell-show-do Distraction Positive reinforcement Stop signals
What are pharmacological ways of dealing w/ behaviour?
Pain control: topical, local, conscious sedation, GA
Evidence doesn’t reduce anxiety
What is behaviour shaping?
Reinforcement is strengthen pattern of behaviour - increase chance of behaviour being displaced in future
+ve reinforcement
What is systemic desensitisation?
Exposure to hierarchy of fear producing stimuli
What is sedation?
Technique in which use of drug produces state of depression on central nervous system
Allows tx to be carried out and verbal contact can be maintained
What is GA?
Technique which produces loss of consciousness
What is physical intervention?
Any manual method of physical or mechanical device, material and equipment which immobilises or reduces pt ability to move freely
What is guidelines for physical intervention?
Restraining device not acceptable un UK
Least acceptable behavioural management technique
Inappropriate use of restrictive physical intervention may give rise to criminal charges
How can developmental milestones be used in dentistry?
Allows better understanding to how children develop, how to effectively communicate and be aware of any potential developmental problems
What are the physical, cognitive and sensory milestones of a baby (6mnths)
Physical - lift head, head follow movement, reach and grab
Sensory - like moving object, focus eyes, distressed sudden noise
Cognition - laugh and vocalise, cry, understand cause and effect
How to interact with baby - 6 months
Allow baby to touch object - learn via touch
Allow baby to hold/play object
Face-face communication
Introduce things slowly and demonstrate all objects make sound
What are (P,C,S) milestones of baby - 12 months?
Physical - crawl, point to object, pick of onject
Sensory - visual memory, respond to name
Cognitive - speak 2-6 words, understand simple instruction
How to interact baby - 12 months?
Provide interesting environment Use baby name Provide simple instruction Encourage role play Reassurance Use familiar items e.g teddy
What are (P,C,S, E) milestones of toddler - 2 years?
Physical - able bodies
Sensory- listen to convo
Cognitive - speak 200+ words
Emotional/social - express how feel, clingy and independent
How to interact w/ toddler - 2 years?
Provide simple instruction
Use toys, books to gain interest and explain
Encourage to express feelings
What are (P,C, S, E) milestones of pre-school -5 years?
P- increased agility and co-ordination
S- increased attention
C- fluent speech
E - likes/ dislikes
How to interact w/ pre-schooler?
Encourage simple task (brush teeth)
Involve child
Explain, encourage q’s
Respond via praise/ reward
What are (P,C,S,E) milestones of child - 8/12yrs?
P- rapid growth and development
C- can remember, think and reason, abstract ideas
E - sensitive to criticism, increased self-conscious
How to interact child - 8/12?
Encourage talk about feelings
Provide information - informed choices (shared decision making)
What are (P,C,S,E) milestones of adolescent -13/16yrs?
P- puberty, rapid growth
C - plan ahead, think possibilites
E - self conscious, anxious, socially skilled
