Working on the robot society Flashcards
Historic effect of technology
Elimination of jobs in old sectors but creation of jobs in new sectors
“Jobless” growth phenomenon
Economic growth without job growth, often caused by new technological innovations
Job Polarisation
Growth of high and low skilled jobs at the expense of middle-skilled or routine jobs; caused by IT revolution
Skill-Biased Technological Change Theory
technological change bosts demand for high-skilled workers, ultimately leading to greater skill across the entire working population
Routine-Biased Technological Change Theory
technological advancements disproportionately affect and replace routine, repetivive tasks, leading to decline in middle-skilled jobs and contributing to job polarisation
Factors that can affect job polarisation
labour market regulations, minimum wages, trade unions
Theories on Automation
machines will replace human workers more extensively than in the past
VS
predictions of technological progress are overstated
Dancing with Robots Framework
the idea of humans and robots working collaboratively to enhance productivity and efficiency in various fields by combining the strengths of both
Globalisation - effects on job market
leads to elimination and relocation of jobs as high-grade jobs can be performed at lower-cost locations
Skills mismatch - underqualification and overqualification
occurs when the skills and qualifications of available workers do not align with the skill requirements of available job positions in the labor market - includes both over and underqualification
First and Second Machine Age
The “First Machine Age” represents the period during the late 18th and early 19th centuries when the Industrial Revolution introduced mechanization and steam power, while the “Second Machine Age,” often associated with the late 20th and early 21st centuries, is marked by the widespread adoption of digital technology, computers, and automation, transforming various aspects of society and the economy.
Importance of Education and Training in context of Job Polarisation
essential to tackling skills mismatch and getting people working (again)
HR strategies to Tackle Job Polarisation
self-managing teams, job rotation, training in cooperation, information sharing, strengthening relationship between businesses and educational instutions
Skills that Differentiate Students from Computers and are thus important in the Second Machine Age
creativity, interpersonal skills, metacognitivie abilities, digital literacy
OECD Skills Outlook
in-depth analysis by OECD of skills development and utilization in member countries, offering insights and policy recommendations related to education, training, and labor market issues to enhance individuals’ skills and improve economic and social outcomes
Platform #Onderwijs 2032
Netherlands initiative focused on defining the skills children will need as they enter school and the labour market in 2032
knowledge for learning and work, personal development, and social development
Three Industrial Revolutions
The three industrial revolutions include the first, characterized by mechanization and the steam engine, the second marked by electricity and mass production, and the third, also known as the Digital Revolution, defined by the rapid growth of digital technology and automation.
Phenomenons facilitated by the second machine age
outsourcing, offshoring, automation of cognitive tasks, internationalisation, flexibilisation, platformisation of labour, virtual network organisation, on-demand work access
Gini coefficient
numerical measure of income or wealth inequality within a population, with 0 representing perfect equality and 1 representing perfect inequality
Platform capitalism
economic and business model where digital platforms, often operated by technology companies, facilitate and mediate interactions and transactions between users, enabling the exchange of goods, services, or information, while the platform operator often derives revenue through various means like fees, advertising, or data collection
Focus of Public Debate on robots in the Job Market
The public debate often emphasises whether robots will lead to more or fewer jobs, while other essential themes, such as the societal aspects of IT and changes in labour organisation, receive less attention
Robot Society
a future envisioned scenario where automation and technology significantly influence employment and broader societal dynamics, explored through insights and scientific perspectives on the relationship between technology and employment
Possible Solutions to Job Impacts of IT
socially responsible innovation, education, and prosperity
Primary and secondary education should equip children with essential skills for the evolving economy, including metacognitive skills, entrepreneurship, and e-skills (#Onderwijs 2032)
Retraining and further training are vital for redundant workers, and matching demand and supply in the labor market is discussed
investment in digital skills and inclusive technology for disadvantaged populations
regulating platforms and preventing monopolies is introduced
balance between regulation and innovation is emphasized as these new business models offer opportunities for economic growth
