Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

USE SR > Lecture Slides > Flashcards

Lecture Slides Flashcards

1
Q

Joseph F. Engelberer

A

American engineer and entrepreneur

Father of robotics

Co-founded the first robotics company and developed the first commercially successful robot (Unimate), which was a robotic arm designed for tasks like handling hot metals and performing repetitive tasks in industrial settings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rossum’s Universal Robots

A

Sci-fi play written by Czech playwright Karel Capek that premiered in 1920 that introduced the word robot to the world

Set in a future where a company, Rossum’s Universal Robots, creates humanoid robots designed to serve humans but that eventually rebel

The word robot comes from the Czech word “robota” meaning forced labour or drudgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alan Turing

A

British mathematician, logician and computer scientists, widely regarded as one of the pioneers of modern computing and artificial intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Turing Test

A

A hypothetical experiment to determine a machine’s ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour indistinguishable from that of a human

If the judge cannot reliably distinguish the machine’s responses from the human’s, the machine is said to have passed the Turing Test and demonstrated a form of artificial intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mixed Traffic

A

Traditional human-driven vehicles and self-driving cars sharing the same roads

Raises challenges related to safety, communication, and regulations due to the different behaviours and capabilities of the two groups

Self-driving cars are strict rule-followers with “optimising” driving-styles, while human drivers are flexible rule-benders with “satisficing” driving-styles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Principle of Unnecessary Risk

A

if humans being replaced by robots leads to better outcomes for all people, there is an ethical obligation to carry out the replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ethics Settings

A

the particular settings of a robot in regards to ethics, such as those of a self-driving car in event of an accident

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

“Clever” Utilitarian Perspective on Ethics Settings

A

goal of cars should be to protect the buyersm not minimise overall harm, since self-driving cars are likely to minimise harm anyway and protecting the buyers will ensure more widespread use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Kant and Germany’s Regulation on Self-Driving Cars

A

in the event of unavoidable accidents, all classification of people based on their personal characteristics is prohibited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types of Actors in Technological Contexts

A

technology developers and producers

technology users

technology regulators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of means

A

Formal means (legislation and standardisation)

Financial means (investments, subsidies)

Relations with others (press)

Knowledge (expertise, access to information)

Public actions (boycot, propaganda)

Use (purchase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Categories of factors driving

A
  1. Technological
  2. Ecological
  3. Economic
  4. Political
  5. Socio-cultural
  6. Demographic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Three Types of Perspectives on Technologies

A
  1. User Perspective - interaction, experience, adoption
  2. Technical Perspectives - opportunities and challenges
  3. Societal perspective - societal challenge, impact
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

K*SERA Project

A

research initiative funded by the EU with the objective of creating a socially assistive robot designed to support elderly individuals, particularly those with COPD, in their daily activities, care requirements, and self-management of their condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Guardian Robot

A

focused on providing assistance and support for frail elderly individuals and their caregivers through a user-friendly, socially intelligent robot with features like medication reminders, well-being monitoring, and an accessible app interface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ageing Society

A

Life expectancy is increasing

Support ratios will also decrease from 1:5 in 2000 to 1:2 in 2050

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Problems with Old Age

A

Reduced mobility
Social isolation
Forgetfulness
Irregular eating and/or drinking
Talking about/asking the same things
Fear of asking/doing certain things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Medical Problems that Come with Old Age

A

Cardio-vascular diseases
Diabetes
COPD
Dementia
Altzheimer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How New Technologies can Reduce Healthcare Costs

A

Lowering hospital usage and admissions

Offering the opportunity for tele visits as an alternative to face-to-face visits

Improving quality of healthcare offered to patients in remote locations (equality of patients)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Innovation is Socially-Assistive Robots

A

Supporting the human caregiver

Medical compliance - ensures that treatment plans are strictly followed

Assessing the need for medical care

Telecare with the robot

Indicating cognitive deterioration

Physical training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Moore’s Law

A

Observation and prediction by Gordon Moore that states that the number of transistors that can be placed on an integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years, whilst the cost per transistor decreases

This growth has led to consistent advancements in technology, such as faster and more capable microprocessors, and has been a driving force behind the rapid development of the electronics industry

Nowawdays, starting to not hold true anymore as a number of constraints have begun to limit the development of chips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Components of Cyber Physical Systems

A

a physical part, interfaces with sensors and actuators, and the cyber part that is connected to a network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Superhuman precision in surgery

A

Minimally invasive surgery - surgical approach allowing medical professionals to perform various procedures with smaller incisions

Eye surgery - robots designed for retinal surgery aid surgeons in making precise incisions and adjustments

Microsurgery - specialised microsurgical instruments with fine tips and high precisions have been developed for work on miniscule structures with exceptional precision

Bone robotics - robotic systems used to enhance the precision of bone cuts and implant placement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Four University Generations

A

traditional teaching-focused institutions of the first generation

followed by research-oriented universities in the second generation

then a third generation emphasizing innovation and entrepreneurship

and finally, a fourth generation marked by digital and global connectivity, online learning, and lifelong education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Organised Serendipity
a combination of the idea of serendipity (unexpected and fortunate discoveries or insights) with a deliberate and structured approach to creating opportunities for such discoveries involves a deliberate effort to create conditions conducive to serendipitous events e.g., designing spaces, fostering collaborations, encouraging exploration and experimentation
26
Waterfall Method
a sequential software development approach in which the project is divided into distinct, non-overlapping phases, with each phase dependent on the deliverables of the previous one, and changes or revisions are difficult to implement once a phase is completed
27
Six Stages of the Waterfall Method
1. Requirements gathering 2. System design 3. Implementation 4. Testing 5. Deployment 6. Maintenance and Support
28
User-Centered Design
iterative design approach focused on creating products or systems that prioritise the needs and preferences of end-users, resulting in superior user experience
29
UCD Principles
base all work on empirical measurement and testing - don't assume, get information from users get input early and often
30
UCD Cycle
1. Investigate - collect data on users’ wants, needs and experiences 2. Analyse - extract insights from user research 3. Ideate - translate insights into ideas for new products/features 4. Create - prototype or implement your idea
31
Agile Methodology
iterative and incremental approach to software development prioritizes customer collaboration and adaptability to changing requirements the delivery of functional software is conducted in short, incremental cycles known as sprints
32
Design Thinking
using design as a means for research/insight, not just an end in itself
33
Participatory approaches
involving users in the design process
34
Conceptual vs Detailed Design
Conceptual design revolves around making sure you are addressing user needs Detailed design revolves around ensuring that you are creating an easy to use, efficient and robust product
35
Paper Prototype
Low-fidelity, hand-drawn or printed representation of a user interface or product design, used for early-stage usability testing and design iteration
36
Wireframe
Visual representation or skeletal outline of a web page, app screen, or user interface, typically created using simple shapes, liens and placeholders to depict the layout and structure of the design without detailed graphics or content
37
Identifying requirements for social robots
Who is the system for (personas, user needs)? Who will benefit from the system (primary/secondary/tertiary users)? What will the system do (functional requirements)? What environment will the system work in? How can the system be evaluated? What are the system’s ethical requirements (safety/privacy/user support)?
38
Some Problems to be Solved in Social Robotics
domestic environments are cluttered and changing so conventional navigation does not work understanding people's intentions humanoid robots may fall and hurt users robots may have short battery life, no power autonomy, sensors that are difficult to interpret while moving, and poor estimation of change in position over time (odometry)
39
Toools for User Experiences
Personas to document people Scenarios/Use cases to represent situations Journeys, storyboards, flowcharts, heat maps, charts to represents activities and processes
40
Journey
a visual or narrative representation of a user’s interactions, experiences, and emotions while engaging with a product or service from start to finish
41
Storyboard
a series of visual sketches or panels used to illustrate the user’s journey and interactions with a digital product
42
Flowchart
a visual diagram that depicts the logical sequence of steps or interactions within a user interface or system
43
Mental Models
the cognitive representations and expectations that humans form about a robot's capabilities, behaviors, and responses, influencing their interactions and communication with the robot
44
Theory of Mind - Mental Model
Common sense model of human behaviour which allows us to automatically attribute beliefs, goals, and mental states to our human co-actors
45
Simulation theory - Mental Model
Observer uses own action system to predict the mental processes and actions of others
46
Importance of Mental Models
allow us to accurately predict robot behaviours if our mental model is correct
47
Consequences of robot providing no or wrong social cues
No social cues - robot seen as unpredictable, humans have a cautious response Wrong social cues - the prediction will be wrong, potentially leading to uncanniness
48
Braitenberg's Vehicles
hypothetical, simple, and abstract vehicles with sensor-motor connections that with their minimal sensory and motor components, displayed intricate behaviours to light notable since it showed how humans instictively anthropomorphise machines, attributing emotions and intentions to their movements some responses seemed to show fear whilst others aggression
49
Geminoid DK
Android/humanoid robot developed in Japan that was made to resemble an individual from Denmark (hence DK) Has remarkable human-like appearance and movements, replicating the appearance and expressions of real individuals
50
Uncanny Valley Graph
A hypothetical dip or valley in the emotional response that humans have to robots or animated characters that closely resemble humans but are not quite convincingly human like X-axis is degree of human likeness, whilst y-axis is familiarity/human response to the robot
51
Ways in which robots can interpret gaze cues
1. Face tracking Locating and following a person’s face in real-time as they move Uses facial feature detection (like eyes, nose, mouth) and tracking algorithms Helps robots time their behaviour, determine what a person is looking at, and facilitate understanding and user acceptance 2. Head Pose Estimation Determining the orientation or pose of a person’s head in three-dimensional space Also relies on facial features like eyes, nose and mouth to estimate 3D pose of head
52
Good turn-yield
speaker stops and looks at person receiving the turn
53
Good turn-take
listener waits for silence and gaze cue
54
Turn-Take Behaviours
1. Conservative: Waiting for a pause or completion of the current speaker’s turn before taking one’s turn to speak 2. Asserting: Taking one’s turn to speak without waiting for a clear pause or completion of the current speaker’s statement 3. Interrupting: Forcefully or abruptly taking one’s turn to speak while someone else is still talking
55
Personal space
a region surrounding a person, but optimal location depends on environment and activity In crowded environments, robot must stay clear of personal space and avoid crossing in-between groups of people
56
Smart home
a residence that uses internet-connected devices to enable the remote monitoring and management of appliances and systems
57
Features of Smart Homes
Smart door locks Security cameras Security systems Smart thermometers Smart ventilation Lighting control system Smart bathroom Remote control doors Garage protection systems Smart appliances (e.g., fridge keeping track of groceries) Environmental sensors (air humidity, air pollutant levels) Health monitoring - heartbeat rate, blood oxygen level Fall detection - smart carpet tiles, video surveillance
58
Aims of Smart Homes
Automation for comfort Safety and security Independent living Communication Multi-functionality
59
Domotica
another term for home automation or smart home technology use of integrated electronic and digital systems to automate and control various aspects of a household or building
60
Actuators Commonly Found in Smart Houses
Remotely operated light switches Light patterns Climate control TV, printer Automatic window and door openers Generic actuators for home appliances
61
Ubiquitous computing
the method of enhancing computer use by making many computers available throughout the physical environment, but making them effectively invisible to the user
62
Technology Acceptance Model
theoretical framework that explains how users' perceptions and attitudes toward a technology's ease of use and perceived usefulness influence their intention to adopt and use the technology thus, its main two components are the technology's perceived usefulness and its perceived ease of use
63
Perceived Usefulness
degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance their daily performance
64
Perceived Ease-of-use
degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free from effort
65
Main components of UTAUT Model
Performance Expectancy Effort Expectancy Social Influence Facilitating Conditions Intention to use Use
66
Almere Model
Perceived Adaptivity Anxiety Social Presence Perceived Sociability Perceived Usefulness Perceived Ease of Use Perceived Enjoyment Trust Social Influence Facilitating Conditions Intention to Use Use
67
Almere Model vs UTAUT Model
UTAUT model is a widely recognised and comprehensive model for explaining technology adoption Almere model is more context-specific, and focuses on the adoption of products in the healthcare industry by elderly people or other valid members of the target market
68
Some Questionnaires for Measuring Robot-related Psychological Constructs
Emotional well-being questionnaires Game Experience Questionnaire Goodspeed Questionnaire Robotic Social Attributes Scale
69
Evaluation Metrics
1. Performance 2. User Satisfaction, Usability and Experience
70
Instruments for Robot Research
Questionnaires, interviews, observations, and the robot itself (through interaction)

USE SR (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions