Working Memory Model

Question 0

If you do two visual tasks simultaneously will you perform them just as well if you did them separately?

Answer 0

No, you will do them less well than if you did them separately

Question 1

What did Baddeley and Hitch find?

Answer 1

Participants made few errors on either task but reasoning was slower if reciting digits at the same time

Question 2

What did Baddeley and Hitch conclude?

Answer 2

Short term memory must have more than one component

Question 3

What is the central executive?

Answer 3

The key component that drives the system and has overall control

Question 4

Who proposed the WMM?

Answer 4

Baddeley and Hitch in 1974

Question 5

If you do one visual and one listening task simultaneously will you perform them just as well if you did them separately?

Answer 5

Yes, there would be no interference in task performance

Question 6

What is the ‘dual task method’?

Answer 6

When participants perform two tasks at the same time

Question 7

Why is performance unaffected when participants do two different tasks?

Answer 7

It uses different components of working memory

Question 8

Which component directs attention?

Answer 8

Central executive

Question 9

Why is performance poor when participants do two of the same type of task?

Answer 9

It uses the same component of working memory

Question 10

Which part of memory does the WMM show?

Answer 10

Short term memory

Question 10

Which component allocates resources?

Answer 10

Central executive

Question 11

What is the phonological loop?

Answer 11

Slave system that deals with auditory information and the order of information

Question 13

What two tasks did Baddeley and Hitch ask their participants to do?

Answer 13

Reasoning task (is the sentence true or false)
Reciting aloud a list of 6 digits

Question 14

What is the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

Answer 14

Slave system that deals with visual and spatial information

Question 15

What is ‘working memory’?

Answer 15

The part of memory that you use when working on complex tasks that require you to hold information as you work

Question 16

What does the inner scribe do?

Answer 16

Store information about the spatial relationship between things

Question 17

What is the episodic buffer?

Answer 17

A general store for information that belongs to both of the other slave systems, i.e. acoustic and visual information

Question 18

Which components have limited capacity?

Answer 18

All of them!

Question 19

What evidence supports the role of the phonological loop?

Answer 19

Word-length effect: it’s harder to remember a list of long words compared to short words

Question 20

How has the WMM shifted our understanding of memory?

Answer 20

Distinguishes between different kinds of memory by showing subcomponents in the model

Question 21

What did the fMRI scans show about brain activity during single and dual tasks?

Answer 21

The same areas were activated but there was more activation during dual tasks

Question 22

What did the cube net experiment show?

Answer 22

Visual images work in a similar way to real-life perception

Question 23

What are the two sub-components of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

Answer 23

The visual cache and the inner scribe

Question 24

What evidence supports the role of the central executive?

Answer 24

Bunge et al. (2000) fMRI scans

Question 25

What evidence supports the role of the episodic buffer?

Answer 25

Baddeley et al. (1987) related vs unrelated word recall

Question 26

Why is it more difficult to remember a list of longer words?

Answer 26

As they don’t fit on the phonological loop

Question 27

How does KF support the working memory model?

Answer 27

Brain damage restricted to phonological loop, shows separate components in STM

Question 28

What does Berz (1995) suggest is missing from the model?

Answer 28

Musical memory

Question 29

What evidence supports the role of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

Answer 29

Shepard and Feng (1972) cube nets

Question 30

Why are we not sure that KF’s brain damage caused the behaviour change?

Answer 30

Can’t make before and after comparisons / could be the trauma if the injury rather than the injury itself

Question 31

What does the articulatory process do?

Answer 31

Rehearses verbal information (the inner voice)

Question 32

What real-world applications does the model have?

Answer 32

Can be useful in diagnosis of mental illness, e.g. Schizophrenia (Park et al. 1999)

Question 33

What does Cowan (1998) suggest is missing from the model?

Answer 33

Long term memory

Question 34

How can you make the word-length effect disappear?

Answer 34

Use an articulatory suppression task to prevent rehearsal

Question 35

What does the auditory store do?

Answer 35

Holds words that you hear (the inner ear)

Question 36

How is the central executive criticised?

Answer 36

It is too vague and simple, we are still unsure what it really does.

Question 37

Is recall better for related or unrelated words?

Answer 37

Related

Question 38

How did the motorcycle accident affect KF’s memory?

Answer 38

Could remember words presented visually but not auditorally

Question 39

What does the visual cache do?

Answer 39

Store information about what things look like

Question 40

When was the episodic buffer added?

Answer 40

2000

Question 41

What are the two sub-components of the phonological loop?

Answer 41

The auditory store and the articulately process