working memory model

Question 1

Baddley and Hitch

Answer 1

supporting research in dual task studies
memory is just not one store
focused on stm- believed it was not a unitary store
ltm- passive store: holds material learned by stm

Question 2

central executive

Answer 2

limited capacity- data arrives from senses but cant hold for long
determines how resources are allocated
baddley- metaphor of company boss to describe how it operates

Question 3

phonological loop

Answer 3

limited capacity
deals with auditory information
baddley- further subvided:
- phonological store: “inner ear” holds info we hear for 1-2 seconds
-articulatory process: holds words heard or seen and silently repeated like and inner voice.

Question 4

episodic buffer

Answer 4

baddeley- added as he realised model needed more general store
central executive has no storage capacity of 4 chunks integrates info from all other areas

Question 5

visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 5

visual and/or spatial info stored here- inner eye
-visual: what things look like
-spatial- relationships between things
limited capacity
logie suggested subdivision
-visual- cache
- inner seribe for spatial relations

Question 6

patient kf

Answer 6

motorcycle accident: resulting in brain damage to his left occipital lobe.
stm damaged and ltm normal
remembers words better if presented visual

supports multi store memory model and working memory model

Question 7

patient hm

Answer 7

had a lobotomy to correct epileptic seizures.
after surgery, hm was no longer able to form new ltm. Many years he believed he was still 27 years old.
kept his procedural memory but not episodic

tell us they are diff ltm stores
also supports Petersons’: stm 20 seconds long

Question 8

evaluation strengths

Answer 8

• today’s psychologists agree
  -objective: brain scanning show phonological loop in left hemisphere controlled by temporal lobe. vssp in right hemisphere controlled by opicical and parietal lobe
  -real life applications: reading, writing
  -explains how cognitive processes interact
  -explains evidence found in dual task studies

Question 9

evaluation weaknesses

Answer 9

-visuospatial sketchpad assumes all info was visual: blind people have excellent spatial awareness (lieberman)
-little evidence for central executive: capacity never measured
-lack of ecological validity of dual task studies where stimulus is artificial.