Working Memory & Declarative Memory Flashcards
Define cognition
Stored knowledge and the process for making and manipulating information (process [consolidation] and product [storage])
Working memory made up of: ________ is highly dependent on this
- Primary verbal 2. Primary visual 3. Central Executive *Auditory comprehension
Central executive is:
Storage and processing of info Holds primary memory info while make a judgement about it
Semantic memory is: (Declarative) Deficit:
-Based around CONCEPT (constructs we build around the world based on knowledge) -Stored hierarchically Deficit: Word retrieval (can use circumlocuation)
Episodic Memory (Declarative) Deficits:
-Memory for specific EVENTS -encoded w/in temporal & spatial context -Recent (often called Short-term) or remote -Emotional valence important -New learning is episodic (context-based), once learned in many ways, becomes semantic Deficit: impact on social skills (repeating)
Encoding
-Procedure for transforming something into a memory -Move it from WM to LTM
Retrieval
Recollection of that info in response to a cue -Can be internal or external cue
Engram are: They occur due to _____________
-Biological changes in neuronal connections -Transient or enduring changes -ENCODING
Forgetting
-The engram weakens OR -Lack of retrieval cue (likely both - interference from new experiences)
Consolidation: Less reliant on the _________ in the __________. Memories now stored: Promoted by:
Engram less likely to be forgotten Hippocampus in MTL In diffuse cortical networks in neocortex Repeatedly thinking/talking about something
Convergence zones
Receive multiple inputs and allow for integration/organization of information (systems responsible for memory are here)
Medial Temporal Lobe (MTL) consists of: Crucial for: This centre is especially important for place memory: These are be related to new learning & memory:
Hippocampus & adjacent cortices (entorhinal, perirhinal, parahippocampal) Declarative LTM processes of encoding, consolidation & retrieval (less so) R hippocampus -Thalamus & hypothalamus (diencephalon)
Information is consolidated in _____________ which consists of __________:
Papez’s Circuit -HippoC -fornix -Mamillary bodies -Thalamus (ant thalamic nucleus) -Cingulate cortex/prefrontal or back to entorhinal
Cortical Association Areas are the: Sensory association cortices involved in:
Ultimate storage site for LTM Formation of memory (fact knowledge distributed here)
Prefrontal cortex is: It has ______ connections w/ other cortical/subcortical structures
Largest part of frontal lobe, anterior to motor/premotor areas bidirectional
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPC) controls: Works w/ __________ in deep/elaborative __________
Central executive of WM Executive functions HippoC, encoding during retrieval
Hemispheric Encoding Retrieval Asymmetry Hypothesis:
L Hemisphere = encoding R Hemisphere = retrieval
Label This Diagram
- Entorhinal Cortex
- Perirhinal Cortex
- Parahippocampal Cortex
Label This Diagram
- Frontal heteromodal association cortex (prefrontal)
- Motor Association Cortex
- Primary Motor Area
- Primary Somatosensory Cortex
- Somatosensory Association Cortex
- Lateral parietal and temporal heteromodal association cortex
- Medial parietal heteromodal association cortex
- Visual Association Cortex
- Primary Visual Cortex
- Auditory Association Cortex
- Primary Auditory Cortex
Label This Diagram
- Broca’s Area
- Prefrontal cortex
- Premotor Cortex
- Supplementary motor area
- Primary motor cortex
- Limbic anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex
