Working Capital Flashcards

1
Q

what is working capital

A

current assets less current liabilities

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2
Q

examples of current assets

A

cash, receibables, inventory

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3
Q

examples of current liabilities

A

payables, bank overdraft, short term loans, long term loans maturing in less than a year

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4
Q

what are the two main objectives of working capital management

A

the business has enough liquid resources to continue in business (to pay day to day expenses)

the business increases in profitability

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5
Q

what are the investing costs of working cpital

A

the cost of funding it

the opportunity costs of lost investment opportunities

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6
Q

what happens when there is too little working capital

A

inability to meet bills as they fall due

demands on cash during periods of growth are too great

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7
Q

how do managers often mismanage too much working capital

A

overstock

funds could be used more productively elsewhere

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8
Q

what is overtrading

A

when a business tries to do too much too quickly with too little working capital

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9
Q

reasons for cash flow problems

A

making losses

inflation

growth

seasonal business

once off expenses

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10
Q

how can inflation cause cash flow problems

A

replacing assets can be expensive if high inflation

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11
Q

how does growth cause cash flow problems

A

when a business is growing it will need more fixed assets as well as higher stock levels

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12
Q

how does seasonal business cause cash flow problems

A

cash inflows come later than cashoutflows

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13
Q

example of a once off expense that can cause cash flow problems

A

large capital repayment at the end of a loan

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14
Q

what does ROIC stand for

A

return on invested capital

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15
Q

which should be used return on equity or return on invested capital

A

return on invested capital

as it strips out cash which is unproductive

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16
Q

current ratio

A

current assets / current liabilities

17
Q

ideal current ratio

A

between 1 and 2

18
Q

if the current ratio is greater than 2 why might it not be a good thing

A

inventory could be too high - security costs and storage costs

if receivables are too high there is risk

if cash is too high this is unproductive as it could be invested to earn interest

19
Q

acid test ratio

A

(current assets - inventory) / current liabilities

20
Q

why is inventory omitted in acid test ratio

A

most iliquid

impossible to turn into cash in a short period of time

21
Q

ideal acid test ratio

22
Q

what is the cash operating cycle

A

the length of time between the company’s outlay on raw materials, wages and other expendictures and the inflow of cash from the sale of goods

23
Q

inventory holding period calculation

A

average inventory / cost of sales * 365

24
Q

what is the inventory holding perido

A

the length of time inventory is held between purchase and sale

25
why do we want to minimize inventory holding
less chance of products becoming obsolete
26
when might we not want to minimize inventory days
when there are supply chain issues eg brexit eg suez cana;
27
what is receivables collection period
average receivables / total sales revenue * 365
28
what are receivable days
length of time credit is given to customers
29
what is payabales payment period
avarage tps / total cost of sales * 365` average period of credit extended by suppliers
30
what are the pros and cons of offering credit
could get more customers can earn interest should prob give disounts for early payemnts factoring
31
what is factoring
transferring the management of receivables to a financial institution known as a facpt
32
the costs of investing in working capital are
the costs of funding it the opportunity costs of lost investment opportunities because cash is tied up and unavailable for other uses
33
consequences of having too little working capital in a firm
cannot pay bills as they fall due may have to borrow on short notice may be forced to sell other assets
34
consequences of having too much working capital
overstocking and overcapitalisation funds tied up could be used more productively elsewhre costs of funding
35
consequences of having too much working capital
overstocking and overcapitalisation funds tied up could be used more productively elsewhre costs of funding