Workforce Safety and Wellness

Question 1

Eustress

Answer 1

• increased focus
• energy in the short term
• Increased job satisfaction and self-image from performing well under a challenging situation

Question 2

distress

Answer 2

• Short-term feelings of being overwhelmed
• increased anxiety
• loss of focus
• long-term psychological and physiologic difficulties

Question 3

Wellness

Answer 3

the active pursuit of a state of good health

Question 4

resilience

Answer 4

an individual’s capacity to cope with and recover from distress. Although some people tend to be more resilient than others, a person’s resilience may change.

Question 5

Infections disease

Answer 5

a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of harmful organisms within the body.

Question 6

communicable disease

Answer 6

a disease that can be spread from one person or species to another.

Question 7

infection

Answer 7

The abnormal invasion of a host or host tissues by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites, with or without signs or symptoms of disease.

Question 8

pathogen

Answer 8

a microorganism that is capable of causing disease in a susceptible host.

Question 9

contamination

Answer 9

the presence of pathogens or foreign bodies on or in objects such as dressings, water, food, needles, wounds, or a patient’s body.

Question 10

exposure

Answer 10

is a situation in which a person has had contact with blood, body fluids, tissues, or airborne particles in a manner that may allow disease transmission to occur.

Question 11

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Answer 11

protective equipment that an individual wears to prevent exposure to a pathogen or other hazardous condition.

Question 12

Transmission

Answer 12

the way an infectious disease is spread.

Question 13

Direct Contact

Answer 13

occurs when an organism moves from one person to another through touching without any intermediary.

Question 14

hepatits

Answer 14

Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection, that causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function.

Question 15

Bloodborne pathogens

Answer 15

microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans.

Question 16

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 16

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by HIV, a virus that damages the cells in the body’s immune system so that the body is unable to fight infection or certain cancers.

Question 17

indirect contact

Answer 17

involves the spread of infection from the patient with an infection to another person through an inanimate object. The object that transmits the infection is called a fomite. Needlesticks are another example of how infection spreads through indirect contact.

Question 18

Airborne transmission

Answer 18

involves spreading an infectious agent through mechanisms such as droplets or dust.

Question 19

Foodborne transmission

Answer 19

involves the contamination of food or water with an organism that can cause disease.

Question 20

vector-borne transmission

Answer 20

involves the spread of infection by animals or insects that carry an organism from one person or place to another.

Question 21

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Answer 21

The federal regulatory compliance agency that develops, publishes, and enforces guidelines concerning safety in the workplace.

Question 22

Standard precautions

Answer 22

Protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the CDC for use in dealing with contaminated objects, blood, body fluids, and other potential exposure risks of communicable disease.

Question 23

designated officer

Answer 23

The individual in the department who is charged with the responsibility of managing exposures and infection control issues.

Question 24

Infection Control

Answer 24

Procedures to reduce transmission of infection among patients and health care personnel.

Question 25

immunity

Answer 25

The body’s ability to protect itself from acquiring a disease.

Question 26

hosts

Answer 26

The organism or individual that is attacked by the infecting agent

Question 27

cover

Answer 27

involves the tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection.

Question 28

concealment

Answer 28

involves hiding behind objects to limit a person’s ability to see you.

Question 29

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 29

The body’s response to stress that begins with an alarm response, followed by a stage of reaction and resistance, and then recovery or, if the stress is prolonged, exhaustion.

three stages:
alarm response
reaction and resistance
recover (if the stress is prolonged, exhaustion)

Question 30

Posttraumatic Stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 30

A delayed stress reaction to a prior incident; often the result of one or more unresolved issues concerning the incident and may relate to an incident that involved physical harm or the threat of physical harm.

Question 31

critical incident stress management (CISM)

Answer 31

A process that confronts the responses to critical incidents and defuses them, directing the emergency services personnel toward physical and emotional equilibrium.

Question 32

Burnout

Answer 32

a term used to describe a combination of exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced performance resulting from long-term job stresses in health care and other high-stress professions.

Question 33

Compassion fatigue

Answer 33

(secondary stress disorder) is a disorder characterized by gradual lessening of compassion over time.

Question 34

Alveoli

Answer 34

The air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

Question 35

pleura

Answer 35

The serous membranes covering the lungs and lining the thorax, completely enclosing a potential space known as the pleural space.

Question 36

pleural space

Answer 36

The potential space between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura; described as “potential” because under normal conditions the space does not exist.

Question 37

Diaphragm

Answer 37

A muscular dome that forms the undersurface of the thorax, separating the chest from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of this (and the chest wall muscles) brings air into the lungs. Relaxation allows air to be expelled from the lungs.

Question 38

ventilation

Answer 38

the simple movement of air between the lungs and the environment

Question 39

respiration

Answer 39

the process of gas exchange

Question 40

diffusion

Answer 40

a passive process in which molecules move from an area with a higher concentration of molecules (the air) to an area of lower concentration (the bloodstream).

Question 41

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 41

Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathes the meninges.

Question 42

hypoxic drive

Answer 42

A “backup system” to control respiration; senses drops in the oxygen level in the blood.

Question 43

Tidal volume

Answer 43

the amount of air that is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath, generally 500 mL in an adult.

Question 44

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 44

the deepest breath you can take after a normal breath.

Question 45

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 45

the maximum amount of air that you can forcibly breathe out after a normal breath.

Question 46

residual volume

Answer 46

gas remaining in the lungs after exhalation to keep the lungs open.

Question 47

dead space

Answer 47

is the portion of the respiratory system that has no alveoli, and little or no exchange of gas between air and blood occurs.

Question 48

minute volume

Answer 48

The volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs per minute; calculated by multiplying the tidal volume and respiratory rate; also called minute ventilation.

Question 49

labored breathing

Answer 49

The use of muscles of the chest, back, and abdomen to assist in expanding the chest; occurs when air movement is impaired.

Question 50

Circulatory system

Answer 50

closed, with capillaries connecting arterioles and venules.

Question 51

systemic circulation

Answer 51

The portion of the circulatory system outside of the heart and lungs.

• Carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle through the body and back to the right atrium.
• As blood passes through the tissues and organs, it gives up oxygen and nutrients and absorbs cellular wastes and carbon dioxide.
• Cellular wastes are eliminated in passages through the liver and kidneys.

Question 52

pulmonary circulation

Answer 52

The flow of blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries and all of their branches and capillaries in the lungs and back to the left atrium through the venules and pulmonary veins; also called the lesser circulation.

• Carries oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle through the lungs and back to the left atrium.
• As blood passes through the lungs, it is refreshed with oxygen and gives up carbon dioxide.

Question 53

heart

Answer 53

made of a specialized muscle tissue called the cardiac muscle (myocardium)

Question 54

atrium and ventricle

Answer 54

Atrium: One of the two upper chambers of the heart.
Ventricle: One of the two lower chambers of the heart.

Question 55

pulmonary veins

Answer 55

The four veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.