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EMT > The Human Body > Flashcards

The Human Body Flashcards

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

a field of study that focuses on the physical of the body and its systems.

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2
Q

Physiology

A

examines the normal of these biologic components.

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3
Q

pathophysiology

A

is the study of functional changes that accompany a particular disease or syndrome.

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4
Q

topographic anatomy

A

The superficial landmarks of the body that serve as guides to the structures that lie beneath them.

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5
Q

anatomic position

A

The position of reference in which the patient stands facing forward, arms at the side, with the palms of the hands forward.

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6
Q

Coronal plane

A

An imaginary plane where the body is divided into front and back parts.

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7
Q

sagittal (lateral) plane

A

n imaginary line where the body is divided into left and right parts.

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8
Q

transverse (axial) plane

A

divides the body into a top and bottom portion.

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9
Q

Skeletal system

A

Providing structural support to bear the body’s weight,Establishing a framework to attach soft tissues and internal organs,Protecting vital organs,Producing red blood cells (the red marrow within the internal cavities of many bones produces red blood cells)

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10
Q

axial skeleton

A

forms the longitudinal axis of the body, from the skull to the tailbone, or coccyx.

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11
Q

coccyx

A

The last three or four vertebrae of the spine; the tail bone.

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12
Q

Thoracic cage

A

the chest or rib cage

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13
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

comprises the upper and lower extremities and the points by which they connect with the axial skeleton.

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14
Q

Join

A

where two bones meet.

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15
Q

ligaments

A

the fibrous tissues that connect bone to bone, helping to stabilize these joints.

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16
Q

Cartilage

A

semi-rigid yet flexible tissue that covers and cushions the ends of articulating bones.

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17
Q

tendons

A

attach bone to muscle.

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18
Q

symphyses

A

slight motion is possible.

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19
Q

Joint capsule

A

slight motion is possible.

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20
Q

articular cartilage

A

slight motion is possible.

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21
Q

synovial membrane

A

responsible for making synovial fluid, which enables the ends of the bones to glide over each other.

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22
Q

synovial fluid

A

The small amount of liquid within a joint used as lubrication.

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23
Q

ball and socket joint

A

A joint that allows internal and external rotation, as well as bending.

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24
Q

hinge joint

A

Joints that can bend and straighten but cannot rotate; they restrict motion to one plane.

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25
Q

flexion

A

The bending of a joint.

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26
Q

extension

A

The straightening of a joint.

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27
Q

cranium

A

The part of the skull that encloses the brain and is composed of eight bones.

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28
Q

foramen magnum

A

A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord.

29
Q

maxillae,mandible,zygomas

A

maxillae- upper jawbones
mandible- lower jawbone
zygomas- cheek bones

30
Q

orbit

A

a cavity formed by the joining of multiple facial bones.

31
Q

Vertebral column

A

The structure formed by the 33 vertebrae, separated by intervertebral disks. It houses and protects the spinal cord; also called the spinal column.

32
Q

vertebrae

A

The bones of the vertebral column.

33
Q

cervical spine

A

The first seven vertebrae (C1 through C7) in the neck

34
Q

thoracic spine

A

The next 12 vertebrae after cervicle spine

35
Q

Lumbar spine

A

The next five vertebrae after thoracic

36
Q

sacrum

A

he five sacral vertebrae are fused together to form one bone called the sacrum.

37
Q

intervertebral disks

A

allow motion so the trunk can bend forward and back, and they allow for rotation and lateral movement.

38
Q

thorax

A

is formed by the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1 through T12) and their 12 pairs of ribs.

39
Q

sternum

A

the breastbone

40
Q

manubrium

A

upper quarter of the sternum

41
Q

xiphoid process

A

The narrow, cartilaginous lower tip of the sternum.

42
Q

pectoral girdle

A

The supporting structure for the arms, which attaches the arms to the axial skeleton. It comprises the clavicles and scapulae; also called the shoulder girdle.

43
Q

clavicle

A

The collarbone; it is lateral to the sternum and anterior to the scapula.

44
Q

scapula

A

the shoulder blade

45
Q

radius and ulna

A

Radius: the lateral, or thumb, side
Ulna:he medial, or little finger, side

46
Q

carpals

A

eight bones that form the wrist

47
Q

metacarpals

A

form the palm of the hand

48
Q

phalanges

A

fingers

49
Q

pelvic girdle

A

The supporting structure for the legs, which serves to connect the legs to the axial skeleton.

50
Q

Coxae

A

The hip bones

51
Q

ilium, ischium, and pubis

A

ilium: One of three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring.
ischium: One of three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring.
pubis: One of three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring.

52
Q

pubic symphysis

A

A hard, bony, and cartilaginous prominence found at the midline in the lowermost portion of the abdomen where the two halves of the pelvic ring are joined by cartilage at a joint with minimal motion.

53
Q

Tarsals, metatarsals

A

Tarsals: The group of bones situated between the lower leg bones (i.e., tibia and fibula) and the metatarsal bones of the foot.
Metatarsals:Bones of the foot, situated between the tarsals and phalanges.

54
Q

calcaneus

A

the heel bone

55
Q

Skeletal muscle (Voluntary muscle)

A

attaches to the bones of the skeleton and forms the major muscle mass of the body.

56
Q

Smooth muscle

A

is found within blood vessels and the intestines.

57
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

the heart muscle

58
Q

involuntary muscle

A

The muscle over which a person has no conscious control. It is found in many automatic regulating systems of the body.

59
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

provides a synergistic relationship between bone and muscle.

60
Q

biceps

A

The large muscle that covers the front of the humerus.

61
Q

Triceps

A

The muscle in the back of the upper arm.

62
Q

Respiratory system

A

All the structures of the body that contribute to the process of breathing, consisting of the upper and lower airways and their component parts.

63
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Upper section of the pharynx that connects with the nasal cavity above the soft palate

64
Q

Oropharynx

A

Section of the pharynx at the back of the throat, from the soft palate to the U-shaped hyoid bone near the base of the tongue

65
Q

trachea

A

The windpipe; the main trunk for air passing to and from the lungs.

66
Q

epiglottis

A

covers the larynx during swallowing and then lifts open to allow for air passage during breathing.

67
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

A firm ridge of cartilage that forms the lower part of the larynx.

68
Q

circothyroid membrane

A

A thin sheet of fascia that connects the thyroid and cricoid cartilages that make up the larynx.

69
Q

Alveoli

A

The air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

EMT (9 decks)

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