Workbook Flashcards
Superficial veins of lower limb
What are the 2 superficial veins of the lower limb
Great saphenous
Small saphenous
Superficial veins of lower limb
Which superficial vein ascends anterior to medial malleolus of tibia
Great saphenous vein
Superficial veins of lower limb
Which superficial vein ascends posterior to lateral malleolus
Small saphenous vein
Superficial veins of lower limb
Which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein
Great saphenous vein
Which superficial vein empties into popliteal vein
Small saphenous vein
Name 3 lymphatic groups of lower limb
Superficial inguinal
Deep inguinal
Popliteal lymph nodes
Name type of joint for hip joint
Ball and socket
Name 3 ligaments of hip joint
Iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Function of iliofemoral ligament
Prevents hyperextension of hip joint
Function of pubofemoral ligament
prevents hyperabduction of hip joint
Name 3 hip flexors
Iliacus
Psoas major
Pectineus
Why does the iliacus and psoas major share a common name?
because they share a common insertion point on femur
Name 5 hip extensors
3 muscles of posterior thigh/hamstrings
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Gluteus maximus
Adductor magnus
Name the chief hip flexor
Iliopsoas
Name chief hip extensor
Gluteus maximus
Name 5 adductors of the hip
All muscles of the medial thigh compartment known as 'medial adductors' Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor magnus Obturator externus Gracilis
Hip abductors: name 6
Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Piriformis Gemelli twins Sartorius
Lateral rotators - name 6
Muscles of deep gluteal region Piriformis Gemelli twins Obturator interns Quadratus femoris \+ Gluteus maximus Sartorius
Medial rotators of hip - name 4
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
TFL
Pectineus
Anterior thigh compartment muscles innervation
Femoral nerve (L2-4) *except for Psoas major
Generally, anterior thigh muscles perform what action o the hip
Hip flexion, knee extension
Attachment patellar ligament
Tibial tuberosity
Sartorius action
Hip flexion
Knee flexion
Hip abduction
Lateral rotation
Which nerve innervates medial thigh muscles
Obturator nerve
Which structures pass through the adductor hiatus (part of the adductor magnus)
Femoral artery and vein
What is the origin of the femoral artery
The femoral artery is a continuation of the external iliac artery
Femoral artery enters the thigh midway between which 2 bony surface markings
ASIS
Pubic tubercle
Surface landmark of femoral artery
inferior to midpoint of inguinal ligament
Name large branch of femoral artery which passes posteriorly toward hamstrings
Profunda femoris artery
Origin of femoral vein
Popliteal vein
When the External iliac vein passes under the inguinal ligament, it becomes ____
femoral vein
Which 2 important veins drain into femoral triangle
Femoral vein
Great saphenous vein
Name the largest branch of the lumbar plexus
Femoral nerve
List 4 muscles supplied by femoral nerve
Anterior thigh compartment
Sartorius Iliacus Pectineus Quadriceps femoris Vastus intermedialis Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Rectus femoris
Name n supply of psoas major
Anterior rami of L1-L3
What is the femoral triangle
A triangular depression below inguinal ligament
Femoral triangle medial boundary
Adductor longus
Femoral triangle lateral boundary
Sartorius
Femoral triangle -base
inguinal ligament
Femoral triangle - contents (3)
femoral NAV
Femoral sheath - contents
Femoral AV
Lymphatic vessels
Sometimes deep inguinal lymph nodes
Femoral hernias are more common in male/females
Females
The adductor canal passes through the _____ within tendon of adductor magnus and emerges into popliteal fossa, posterior to knee
Adductor hiatus
The anterior femoral artery becomes the posterior popliteal artery thanks to _______
adductor canal
At what point does the anterior femoral artery become the posterior popliteal artery
At the adductor hiatus
Adductor canal
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vastus medialis
List 2 major branches of lumbar plexus
Obturator nerve
Femoral nerve
Which nerve roots contribute to formation of lumbar plexus
Anterior rami L1-4
Segmental root values of obturator nerve
L2-4
Which part of the fascia late is the iliotibial tract
Lateral part of fascia lata
What are 2 muscles attached to iliotibial tract
TFL and gluteus maximus
Gluteus maximus - actions
Hip extension
Lateral rotators
Nerve supply of gluteal muscles and nerve roots
Gluteus maximus innervation
Superior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus (L4-S2)
Inferior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus maximus (L5-S2)
Piriformis innervation
Nerve to piriformis
Obturator interns innervation
Nerve to obturator internus
Gemelli twins innervation
Superior gemelli - nerve to obturator interns
Inferior gemelli - nerve to quadrates femoris
Quadratus femoris
Nerve to quadrates femoris
Anterior to which posterior pelvic muscle is the sacral plexus found?
Piriformis
2 main branches of sacral plexus
Sciatic nerve
Pudendal nerve
2 branches of sciatic nerve
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve
What nerve innervates short head of biceps femurs and how is it different to rest of fam
Common fibular nerve
Action of hamstrings
Hip extension
Knee flexion
Which nerve innervates hamstrings
Tibial part of sciatic nerve
Which is the most lateral muscle in hamstrings
Biceps femoris
Type joint - knee
Synovial hinge joint
Which leg bone is not involved in the knee joint
Fibula
Whats the most important muscle to stabilize knee joint
Quadriceps femoris
Attachments of fibular/lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
The LCL extends from the lateral epicondyle of femur to lateral surface of fibular head
What separates the LCL from the lateral meniscus
The popliteal tendon passes deep to LCL separating it from lateral meniscus
The tibial/medial collateral ligament attachments
The MCL extends from the medial femoral epicondyle to medial condyle and upper part of the medial surface of tibia
At its midpoint, the MCL is firmly attached to the _____ meniscus - clinical importance?
At its midpoint, the MCL is firmly attached to the medial meniscus
Clinical importance: injury often occurs in both MCL and medial meniscus
The ACL prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly/posteriorly on the tibia and prevents knee _______
The ACL prevents the femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia and prevents knee hyperextension
The PCL prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly/posteriorly on the tibia and prevents knee _______
The PCL prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia and prevents knee hyper flexion
What are menisci of the knee joint and function?
The menisci are C shaped plates of fibrocartilage on articular surface of tibia
Function: deepen articular surface, absorb shock
Which meniscus is firmly adhered to deep surface of tibial or MCL
Medial meniscus
Name 6 muscles responsible for knee flexion
Anterior and posterior thigh muscles: Biceps femoris Semitendionsus Semimembranosus Gracilis Sartorius Popliteus Gastrocnemius
Name muscles responsible for knee extension
Quadriceps femoris
Name 4 bursae associated with the knee:
Suprapatellar bursa
Subcutaneous pre-patellar bursa
Deep infrapatellar bursa
Subcutaneous infra patellar bursa
Which bursa communicates with articular cavity of knee joint?
Suprapatellar bursa
Name 4 muscles in anterior leg
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius
Anterior leg muscles - action
Dorsiflexion of ankle
Toe extension
Name 2 branches of common fibular nerve
Deep fibular nerve
Superficial fibular nerve
Name 2 branches of sciatic nerve
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve
Anterior leg muscles - nerve supply
Deep fibular nerve
Anterior leg muscles - arterial supply
What is this a continuation of?
Anterior tibial artery is a continuation of the popliteal artery
At what anatomical landmark does popliteal artery become anterior tibial artery
Lower border of popliteal muscle
Which branch of common fibular nerve follows the course of the anterior tibial artery
Deep fibular nerve
Which artery runs midway between the malleoli - on the dorsal surface of foot
Dorsalis pedis artery
Name 2 muscles in lateral leg
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Lateral leg - nerve supply and action
Superficial fibular nerve
Plantarflexion of ankle
Foot eversion
Injury to which nerve causes foot drop (most commonly)?
Injury to common fibular nerve causes foot drop where anterior and lateral leg muscles are affected
What type of joint is the tarocrural articulation?
Synovial hinge joint
Between medial or lateral ligament of ankle joint, which is the weakest
Lateral ligament of ankle
Which ligament of ankle joint is named the deltoid ligament
Name the 3 components of the lateral ligament of the ankle
medial ligament of ankle
Posterior talofibular ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
During which movements of subtalar joint are ankle sprains most common?
During which movement of the ankle joint is the malleolar grip strongest?
During which movement of the ankle joint is the ankle joint unstable?
inversion
During which movement of the ankle joint is the malleolar grip strongest? Dorsiflexion
During which movement of the ankle joint is the ankle joint unstable? Plantar flexion
Function of lateral ligament of ankle joint so what is likely cause of most ankle sprains?
Resist over inversion
Weak lateral ligament
Foot inverters (2) on the subtalar joint
Tibialis muscles: Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior
Foot everters (2) on the subtalar joint
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Name muscles involved in dorsiflexion
Anterior leg muscles
Tibio-Fibular joint -there is a proximal and distal
Type of joint for each?
Proximal tibia-fibular joint = plane synovial joint
Distal tibia-fibular joint = compound fibrous joint/syndesmosis
Popliteal fossa
Upper medial border - _______________
Upper lateral border - ________________
Inferior boundary -
Popliteal fossa
Upper medial border - semitendinosus and semimembranosus (deep)
Upper lateral border - biceps femoris (remember biceps femoris is the most lateral muscle in posterior leg compartment)
Inferior boundary - gastrocnemius - lateral and medial heads
Name 6 contents of popliteal fossa
Fat
Vein - termination of small saphenous vein
Artery and vein - popliteal artery and vein
Nerves - tibial nerve, common fibular nerve, posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, sural nerve
LN and lymphatic vessels - popliteal LN and lymphatic vessels
Name 3 muscles that make up triceps surae the superficial layer of the posterior leg compartment
GPS
Posterior leg compartment - innervation
Tibial nerve
Posterior leg compartment - arterial supply
Posterior tibial artery
Name 4 muscles in deep layer of posterior leg
Posterior tibialis
FDL
FHL
Popliteus
Popliteus - action
Unlocks fully extended knee by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia
Weak knee flexion
Tarsal tunnel contents - closest to medial malleolus»_space;> furthest from medial malleolus
Tarsal tunnel contents TOM DICK AND VERY NERVOUS HARRY Tibialis posterior Flexor Digitorum Longus Posterior tibial Artery Posterior tibial Vein Tibial Nerve Flexor Hallucis longus
Deep layer of posterior leg compartment - action
Plantarflexion of ankle joint
Toe flexion
What covers the tarsal tunnel
Flexor retinaculum
Name muscles in layer 1 of plantar foot
Abductor digiti minimi
Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Name muscles in layer 2 of plantar foot
Lumbricals
Quadratus plantae
Plantar foot - nerve supply and arterial supply
Action of plantar foot muscles
Medial and plantar nerves
Medial and plantar artery
Toe flexion
Passive factors that maintain integrity of the arches
Shape of united bones Plantar aponeurosis Long plantar ligament Short plantar ligament Spring ligament
Dynamic factors that maintain integrity of arches
Intrinsic muscles of foot
Long flexor tendons
Tendon of tibias anterior
Tendon of fibulas longs
Dorsal muscles of the foot [2]
Innervation
Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis
Deep fibular nerve
Distal tibiofibular joint
Proximal tibiofibular joint
Syndesmosis or fibrous joint
Synovial plane joint
Hip joint
Knee joint
Tarocrural articulation
Synovial ball and socket joint
Synovial hinge joint
Synovial hinge joint
SI joint
Pubic symphysis
Syndesmosis
Secondary cartilaginous joint
