Workbook Flashcards
1
Q
Superficial veins of lower limb
What are the 2 superficial veins of the lower limb
A
Great saphenous
Small saphenous
2
Q
Superficial veins of lower limb
Which superficial vein ascends anterior to medial malleolus of tibia
A
Great saphenous vein
3
Q
Superficial veins of lower limb
Which superficial vein ascends posterior to lateral malleolus
A
Small saphenous vein
4
Q
Superficial veins of lower limb
Which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein
A
Great saphenous vein
5
Q
Which superficial vein empties into popliteal vein
A
Small saphenous vein
6
Q
Name 3 lymphatic groups of lower limb
A
Superficial inguinal
Deep inguinal
Popliteal lymph nodes
7
Q
Name type of joint for hip joint
A
Ball and socket
8
Q
Name 3 ligaments of hip joint
A
Iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
9
Q
Function of iliofemoral ligament
A
Prevents hyperextension of hip joint
10
Q
Function of pubofemoral ligament
A
prevents hyperabduction of hip joint
11
Q
Name 3 hip flexors
A
Iliacus
Psoas major
Pectineus
12
Q
Why does the iliacus and psoas major share a common name?
A
because they share a common insertion point on femur
13
Q
Name 5 hip extensors
A
3 muscles of posterior thigh/hamstrings
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Gluteus maximus
Adductor magnus
14
Q
Name the chief hip flexor
A
Iliopsoas
15
Q
Name chief hip extensor
A
Gluteus maximus
16
Q
Name 5 adductors of the hip
A
All muscles of the medial thigh compartment known as 'medial adductors' Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor magnus Obturator externus Gracilis
17
Q
Hip abductors: name 6
A
Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Piriformis Gemelli twins Sartorius
18
Q
Lateral rotators - name 6
A
Muscles of deep gluteal region Piriformis Gemelli twins Obturator interns Quadratus femoris \+ Gluteus maximus Sartorius
19
Q
Medial rotators of hip - name 4
A
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
TFL
Pectineus
20
Q
Anterior thigh compartment muscles innervation
A
Femoral nerve (L2-4) *except for Psoas major
21
Q
Generally, anterior thigh muscles perform what action o the hip
A
Hip flexion, knee extension
22
Q
Attachment patellar ligament
A
Tibial tuberosity
23
Q
Sartorius action
A
Hip flexion
Knee flexion
Hip abduction
Lateral rotation
24
Q
Which nerve innervates medial thigh muscles
A
Obturator nerve
25
Which structures pass through the adductor hiatus (part of the adductor magnus)
Femoral artery and vein
26
What is the origin of the femoral artery
The femoral artery is a continuation of the external iliac artery
27
Femoral artery enters the thigh midway between which 2 bony surface markings
ASIS
| Pubic tubercle
28
Surface landmark of femoral artery
inferior to midpoint of inguinal ligament
29
Name large branch of femoral artery which passes posteriorly toward hamstrings
Profunda femoris artery
30
Origin of femoral vein
Popliteal vein
31
When the External iliac vein passes under the inguinal ligament, it becomes ____
femoral vein
32
Which 2 important veins drain into femoral triangle
Femoral vein
| Great saphenous vein
33
Name the largest branch of the lumbar plexus
Femoral nerve
34
List 4 muscles supplied by femoral nerve
Anterior thigh compartment
```
Sartorius
Iliacus
Pectineus
Quadriceps femoris
Vastus intermedialis
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Rectus femoris
```
35
Name n supply of psoas major
Anterior rami of L1-L3
36
What is the femoral triangle
A triangular depression below inguinal ligament
37
Femoral triangle medial boundary
Adductor longus
38
Femoral triangle lateral boundary
Sartorius
39
Femoral triangle -base
inguinal ligament
40
Femoral triangle - contents (3)
femoral NAV
41
Femoral sheath - contents
Femoral AV
Lymphatic vessels
Sometimes deep inguinal lymph nodes
42
Femoral hernias are more common in male/females
Females
43
The adductor canal passes through the _____ within tendon of adductor magnus and emerges into popliteal fossa, posterior to knee
Adductor hiatus
44
The anterior femoral artery becomes the posterior popliteal artery thanks to _______
adductor canal
45
At what point does the anterior femoral artery become the posterior popliteal artery
At the adductor hiatus
46
Adductor canal
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vastus medialis
47
List 2 major branches of lumbar plexus
Obturator nerve
| Femoral nerve
48
Which nerve roots contribute to formation of lumbar plexus
Anterior rami L1-4
49
Segmental root values of obturator nerve
L2-4
50
Which part of the fascia late is the iliotibial tract
Lateral part of fascia lata
51
What are 2 muscles attached to iliotibial tract
TFL and gluteus maximus
52
Gluteus maximus - actions
Hip extension
| Lateral rotators
53
Nerve supply of gluteal muscles and nerve roots
| Gluteus maximus innervation
Superior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus (L4-S2)
Inferior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus maximus (L5-S2)
54
Piriformis innervation
Nerve to piriformis
55
Obturator interns innervation
Nerve to obturator internus
56
Gemelli twins innervation
Superior gemelli - nerve to obturator interns
Inferior gemelli - nerve to quadrates femoris
57
Quadratus femoris
Nerve to quadrates femoris
58
Anterior to which posterior pelvic muscle is the sacral plexus found?
Piriformis
59
2 main branches of sacral plexus
Sciatic nerve
| Pudendal nerve
60
2 branches of sciatic nerve
Tibial nerve
| Common fibular nerve
61
What nerve innervates short head of biceps femurs and how is it different to rest of fam
Common fibular nerve
62
Action of hamstrings
Hip extension
| Knee flexion
63
Which nerve innervates hamstrings
Tibial part of sciatic nerve
64
Which is the most lateral muscle in hamstrings
Biceps femoris
65
Type joint - knee
Synovial hinge joint
66
Which leg bone is not involved in the knee joint
Fibula
67
Whats the most important muscle to stabilize knee joint
Quadriceps femoris
68
Attachments of fibular/lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
The LCL extends from the lateral epicondyle of femur to lateral surface of fibular head
69
What separates the LCL from the lateral meniscus
The popliteal tendon passes deep to LCL separating it from lateral meniscus
70
The tibial/medial collateral ligament attachments
The MCL extends from the medial femoral epicondyle to medial condyle and upper part of the medial surface of tibia
71
At its midpoint, the MCL is firmly attached to the _____ meniscus - clinical importance?
At its midpoint, the MCL is firmly attached to the medial meniscus
Clinical importance: injury often occurs in both MCL and medial meniscus
72
The ACL prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly/posteriorly on the tibia and prevents knee _______
The ACL prevents the femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia and prevents knee hyperextension
73
The PCL prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly/posteriorly on the tibia and prevents knee _______
The PCL prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia and prevents knee hyper flexion
74
What are menisci of the knee joint and function?
The menisci are C shaped plates of fibrocartilage on articular surface of tibia
Function: deepen articular surface, absorb shock
75
Which meniscus is firmly adhered to deep surface of tibial or MCL
Medial meniscus
76
Name 6 muscles responsible for knee flexion
```
Anterior and posterior thigh muscles:
Biceps femoris
Semitendionsus
Semimembranosus
Gracilis
Sartorius
Popliteus
Gastrocnemius
```
77
Name muscles responsible for knee extension
Quadriceps femoris
78
Name 4 bursae associated with the knee:
Suprapatellar bursa
Subcutaneous pre-patellar bursa
Deep infrapatellar bursa
Subcutaneous infra patellar bursa
79
Which bursa communicates with articular cavity of knee joint?
Suprapatellar bursa
80
Name 4 muscles in anterior leg
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius
81
Anterior leg muscles - action
Dorsiflexion of ankle
| Toe extension
82
Name 2 branches of common fibular nerve
Deep fibular nerve
| Superficial fibular nerve
83
Name 2 branches of sciatic nerve
Tibial nerve
| Common fibular nerve
84
Anterior leg muscles - nerve supply
Deep fibular nerve
85
Anterior leg muscles - arterial supply
| What is this a continuation of?
Anterior tibial artery is a continuation of the popliteal artery
86
At what anatomical landmark does popliteal artery become anterior tibial artery
Lower border of popliteal muscle
87
Which branch of common fibular nerve follows the course of the anterior tibial artery
Deep fibular nerve
88
Which artery runs midway between the malleoli - on the dorsal surface of foot
Dorsalis pedis artery
89
Name 2 muscles in lateral leg
Fibularis longus
| Fibularis brevis
90
Lateral leg - nerve supply and action
Superficial fibular nerve
Plantarflexion of ankle
Foot eversion
91
Injury to which nerve causes foot drop (most commonly)?
Injury to common fibular nerve causes foot drop where anterior and lateral leg muscles are affected
92
What type of joint is the tarocrural articulation?
Synovial hinge joint
93
Between medial or lateral ligament of ankle joint, which is the weakest
Lateral ligament of ankle
94
Which ligament of ankle joint is named the deltoid ligament
| Name the 3 components of the lateral ligament of the ankle
medial ligament of ankle
Posterior talofibular ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
95
During which movements of subtalar joint are ankle sprains most common?
During which movement of the ankle joint is the malleolar grip strongest?
During which movement of the ankle joint is the ankle joint unstable?
inversion
During which movement of the ankle joint is the malleolar grip strongest? Dorsiflexion
During which movement of the ankle joint is the ankle joint unstable? Plantar flexion
96
Function of lateral ligament of ankle joint so what is likely cause of most ankle sprains?
Resist over inversion
| Weak lateral ligament
97
Foot inverters (2) on the subtalar joint
Tibialis muscles: Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior
98
Foot everters (2) on the subtalar joint
Fibularis longus
| Fibularis brevis
99
Name muscles involved in dorsiflexion
Anterior leg muscles
100
Tibio-Fibular joint -there is a proximal and distal
| Type of joint for each?
Proximal tibia-fibular joint = plane synovial joint
| Distal tibia-fibular joint = compound fibrous joint/syndesmosis
101
Popliteal fossa
Upper medial border - _______________
Upper lateral border - ________________
Inferior boundary -
Popliteal fossa
Upper medial border - semitendinosus and semimembranosus (deep)
Upper lateral border - biceps femoris (remember biceps femoris is the most lateral muscle in posterior leg compartment)
Inferior boundary - gastrocnemius - lateral and medial heads
102
Name 6 contents of popliteal fossa
Fat
Vein - termination of small saphenous vein
Artery and vein - popliteal artery and vein
Nerves - tibial nerve, common fibular nerve, posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, sural nerve
LN and lymphatic vessels - popliteal LN and lymphatic vessels
103
Name 3 muscles that make up triceps surae the superficial layer of the posterior leg compartment
GPS
104
Posterior leg compartment - innervation
Tibial nerve
105
Posterior leg compartment - arterial supply
Posterior tibial artery
106
Name 4 muscles in deep layer of posterior leg
Posterior tibialis
FDL
FHL
Popliteus
107
Popliteus - action
Unlocks fully extended knee by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia
Weak knee flexion
108
Tarsal tunnel contents - closest to medial malleolus >>> furthest from medial malleolus
```
Tarsal tunnel contents
TOM DICK AND VERY NERVOUS HARRY
Tibialis posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Posterior tibial Artery
Posterior tibial Vein
Tibial Nerve
Flexor Hallucis longus
```
109
Deep layer of posterior leg compartment - action
Plantarflexion of ankle joint
| Toe flexion
110
What covers the tarsal tunnel
Flexor retinaculum
111
Name muscles in layer 1 of plantar foot
Abductor digiti minimi
Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
112
Name muscles in layer 2 of plantar foot
Lumbricals
| Quadratus plantae
113
Plantar foot - nerve supply and arterial supply
| Action of plantar foot muscles
Medial and plantar nerves
Medial and plantar artery
Toe flexion
114
Passive factors that maintain integrity of the arches
```
Shape of united bones
Plantar aponeurosis
Long plantar ligament
Short plantar ligament
Spring ligament
```
115
Dynamic factors that maintain integrity of arches
Intrinsic muscles of foot
Long flexor tendons
Tendon of tibias anterior
Tendon of fibulas longs
116
Dorsal muscles of the foot [2]
| Innervation
Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis
Deep fibular nerve
117
Distal tibiofibular joint
| Proximal tibiofibular joint
Syndesmosis or fibrous joint
| Synovial plane joint
118
Hip joint
Knee joint
Tarocrural articulation
Synovial ball and socket joint
Synovial hinge joint
Synovial hinge joint
119
SI joint
| Pubic symphysis
Syndesmosis
| Secondary cartilaginous joint
