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Quick Revision Lower Limb > Workbook > Flashcards

Workbook Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial veins of lower limb

What are the 2 superficial veins of the lower limb

A

Great saphenous

Small saphenous

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2
Q

Superficial veins of lower limb

Which superficial vein ascends anterior to medial malleolus of tibia

A

Great saphenous vein

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3
Q

Superficial veins of lower limb

Which superficial vein ascends posterior to lateral malleolus

A

Small saphenous vein

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4
Q

Superficial veins of lower limb

Which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein

A

Great saphenous vein

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5
Q

Which superficial vein empties into popliteal vein

A

Small saphenous vein

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6
Q

Name 3 lymphatic groups of lower limb

A

Superficial inguinal
Deep inguinal
Popliteal lymph nodes

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7
Q

Name type of joint for hip joint

A

Ball and socket

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8
Q

Name 3 ligaments of hip joint

A

Iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament

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9
Q

Function of iliofemoral ligament

A

Prevents hyperextension of hip joint

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10
Q

Function of pubofemoral ligament

A

prevents hyperabduction of hip joint

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11
Q

Name 3 hip flexors

A

Iliacus
Psoas major
Pectineus

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12
Q

Why does the iliacus and psoas major share a common name?

A

because they share a common insertion point on femur

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13
Q

Name 5 hip extensors

A

3 muscles of posterior thigh/hamstrings
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

Gluteus maximus
Adductor magnus

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14
Q

Name the chief hip flexor

A

Iliopsoas

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15
Q

Name chief hip extensor

A

Gluteus maximus

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16
Q

Name 5 adductors of the hip

A 
All muscles of the medial thigh compartment known as 'medial adductors'
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor magnus
Obturator externus
Gracilis
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17
Q

Hip abductors: name 6

A 
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Piriformis
Gemelli twins
Sartorius
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18
Q

Lateral rotators - name 6

A 
Muscles of deep gluteal region
Piriformis
Gemelli twins
Obturator interns
Quadratus femoris
\+ 
Gluteus maximus
Sartorius
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19
Q

Medial rotators of hip - name 4

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
TFL
Pectineus

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20
Q

Anterior thigh compartment muscles innervation

A 
Femoral nerve (L2-4)
*except for Psoas major
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21
Q

Generally, anterior thigh muscles perform what action o the hip

A

Hip flexion, knee extension

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22
Q

Attachment patellar ligament

A

Tibial tuberosity

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23
Q

Sartorius action

A

Hip flexion
Knee flexion
Hip abduction
Lateral rotation

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24
Q

Which nerve innervates medial thigh muscles

A

Obturator nerve

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25
Q

Which structures pass through the adductor hiatus (part of the adductor magnus)

A

Femoral artery and vein

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26
Q

What is the origin of the femoral artery

A

The femoral artery is a continuation of the external iliac artery

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27
Q

Femoral artery enters the thigh midway between which 2 bony surface markings

A

ASIS

Pubic tubercle

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28
Q

Surface landmark of femoral artery

A

inferior to midpoint of inguinal ligament

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29
Q

Name large branch of femoral artery which passes posteriorly toward hamstrings

A

Profunda femoris artery

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30
Q

Origin of femoral vein

A

Popliteal vein

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31
Q

When the External iliac vein passes under the inguinal ligament, it becomes ____

A

femoral vein

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32
Q

Which 2 important veins drain into femoral triangle

A

Femoral vein

Great saphenous vein

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33
Q

Name the largest branch of the lumbar plexus

A

Femoral nerve

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34
Q

List 4 muscles supplied by femoral nerve

A

Anterior thigh compartment

Sartorius
Iliacus
Pectineus
Quadriceps femoris
 Vastus intermedialis
 Vastus medialis
 Vastus lateralis
 Rectus femoris
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35
Q

Name n supply of psoas major

A

Anterior rami of L1-L3

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36
Q

What is the femoral triangle

A

A triangular depression below inguinal ligament

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37
Q

Femoral triangle medial boundary

A

Adductor longus

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38
Q

Femoral triangle lateral boundary

A

Sartorius

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39
Q

Femoral triangle -base

A

inguinal ligament

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40
Q

Femoral triangle - contents (3)

A

femoral NAV

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41
Q

Femoral sheath - contents

A

Femoral AV
Lymphatic vessels
Sometimes deep inguinal lymph nodes

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42
Q

Femoral hernias are more common in male/females

A

Females

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43
Q

The adductor canal passes through the _____ within tendon of adductor magnus and emerges into popliteal fossa, posterior to knee

A

Adductor hiatus

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44
Q

The anterior femoral artery becomes the posterior popliteal artery thanks to _______

A

adductor canal

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45
Q

At what point does the anterior femoral artery become the posterior popliteal artery

A

At the adductor hiatus

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46
Q

Adductor canal

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vastus medialis

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47
Q

List 2 major branches of lumbar plexus

A

Obturator nerve

Femoral nerve

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48
Q

Which nerve roots contribute to formation of lumbar plexus

A

Anterior rami L1-4

49
Q

Segmental root values of obturator nerve

A

L2-4

50
Q

Which part of the fascia late is the iliotibial tract

A

Lateral part of fascia lata

51
Q

What are 2 muscles attached to iliotibial tract

A

TFL and gluteus maximus

52
Q

Gluteus maximus - actions

A

Hip extension

Lateral rotators

53
Q

Nerve supply of gluteal muscles and nerve roots

Gluteus maximus innervation

A

Superior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus (L4-S2)
Inferior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus maximus (L5-S2)

54
Q

Piriformis innervation

A

Nerve to piriformis

55
Q

Obturator interns innervation

A

Nerve to obturator internus

56
Q

Gemelli twins innervation

A

Superior gemelli - nerve to obturator interns

Inferior gemelli - nerve to quadrates femoris

57
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

Nerve to quadrates femoris

58
Q

Anterior to which posterior pelvic muscle is the sacral plexus found?

A

Piriformis

59
Q

2 main branches of sacral plexus

A

Sciatic nerve

Pudendal nerve

60
Q

2 branches of sciatic nerve

A

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

61
Q

What nerve innervates short head of biceps femurs and how is it different to rest of fam

A

Common fibular nerve

62
Q

Action of hamstrings

A

Hip extension

Knee flexion

63
Q

Which nerve innervates hamstrings

A

Tibial part of sciatic nerve

64
Q

Which is the most lateral muscle in hamstrings

A

Biceps femoris

65
Q

Type joint - knee

A

Synovial hinge joint

66
Q

Which leg bone is not involved in the knee joint

A

Fibula

67
Q

Whats the most important muscle to stabilize knee joint

A

Quadriceps femoris

68
Q

Attachments of fibular/lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

A

The LCL extends from the lateral epicondyle of femur to lateral surface of fibular head

69
Q

What separates the LCL from the lateral meniscus

A

The popliteal tendon passes deep to LCL separating it from lateral meniscus

70
Q

The tibial/medial collateral ligament attachments

A

The MCL extends from the medial femoral epicondyle to medial condyle and upper part of the medial surface of tibia

71
Q

At its midpoint, the MCL is firmly attached to the _____ meniscus - clinical importance?

A

At its midpoint, the MCL is firmly attached to the medial meniscus
Clinical importance: injury often occurs in both MCL and medial meniscus

72
Q

The ACL prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly/posteriorly on the tibia and prevents knee _______

A

The ACL prevents the femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia and prevents knee hyperextension

73
Q

The PCL prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly/posteriorly on the tibia and prevents knee _______

A

The PCL prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia and prevents knee hyper flexion

74
Q

What are menisci of the knee joint and function?

A

The menisci are C shaped plates of fibrocartilage on articular surface of tibia
Function: deepen articular surface, absorb shock

75
Q

Which meniscus is firmly adhered to deep surface of tibial or MCL

A

Medial meniscus

76
Q

Name 6 muscles responsible for knee flexion

A 
Anterior and posterior thigh muscles:
Biceps femoris
Semitendionsus
Semimembranosus
Gracilis
Sartorius
Popliteus
Gastrocnemius
77
Q

Name muscles responsible for knee extension

A

Quadriceps femoris

78
Q

Name 4 bursae associated with the knee:

A

Suprapatellar bursa
Subcutaneous pre-patellar bursa
Deep infrapatellar bursa
Subcutaneous infra patellar bursa

79
Q

Which bursa communicates with articular cavity of knee joint?

A

Suprapatellar bursa

80
Q

Name 4 muscles in anterior leg

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius

81
Q

Anterior leg muscles - action

A

Dorsiflexion of ankle

Toe extension

82
Q

Name 2 branches of common fibular nerve

A

Deep fibular nerve

Superficial fibular nerve

83
Q

Name 2 branches of sciatic nerve

A

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

84
Q

Anterior leg muscles - nerve supply

A

Deep fibular nerve

85
Q

Anterior leg muscles - arterial supply

What is this a continuation of?

A

Anterior tibial artery is a continuation of the popliteal artery

86
Q

At what anatomical landmark does popliteal artery become anterior tibial artery

A

Lower border of popliteal muscle

87
Q

Which branch of common fibular nerve follows the course of the anterior tibial artery

A

Deep fibular nerve

88
Q

Which artery runs midway between the malleoli - on the dorsal surface of foot

A

Dorsalis pedis artery

89
Q

Name 2 muscles in lateral leg

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

90
Q

Lateral leg - nerve supply and action

A

Superficial fibular nerve

Plantarflexion of ankle
Foot eversion

91
Q

Injury to which nerve causes foot drop (most commonly)?

A

Injury to common fibular nerve causes foot drop where anterior and lateral leg muscles are affected

92
Q

What type of joint is the tarocrural articulation?

A

Synovial hinge joint

93
Q

Between medial or lateral ligament of ankle joint, which is the weakest

A

Lateral ligament of ankle

94
Q

Which ligament of ankle joint is named the deltoid ligament

Name the 3 components of the lateral ligament of the ankle

A

medial ligament of ankle

Posterior talofibular ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament

95
Q

During which movements of subtalar joint are ankle sprains most common?
During which movement of the ankle joint is the malleolar grip strongest?
During which movement of the ankle joint is the ankle joint unstable?

A

inversion
During which movement of the ankle joint is the malleolar grip strongest? Dorsiflexion
During which movement of the ankle joint is the ankle joint unstable? Plantar flexion

96
Q

Function of lateral ligament of ankle joint so what is likely cause of most ankle sprains?

A

Resist over inversion

Weak lateral ligament

97
Q

Foot inverters (2) on the subtalar joint

A

Tibialis muscles: Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior

98
Q

Foot everters (2) on the subtalar joint

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

99
Q

Name muscles involved in dorsiflexion

A

Anterior leg muscles

100
Q

Tibio-Fibular joint -there is a proximal and distal

Type of joint for each?

A

Proximal tibia-fibular joint = plane synovial joint

Distal tibia-fibular joint = compound fibrous joint/syndesmosis

101
Q

Popliteal fossa
Upper medial border - _______________
Upper lateral border - ________________
Inferior boundary -

A

Popliteal fossa
Upper medial border - semitendinosus and semimembranosus (deep)
Upper lateral border - biceps femoris (remember biceps femoris is the most lateral muscle in posterior leg compartment)
Inferior boundary - gastrocnemius - lateral and medial heads

102
Q

Name 6 contents of popliteal fossa

A

Fat
Vein - termination of small saphenous vein
Artery and vein - popliteal artery and vein
Nerves - tibial nerve, common fibular nerve, posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, sural nerve
LN and lymphatic vessels - popliteal LN and lymphatic vessels

103
Q

Name 3 muscles that make up triceps surae the superficial layer of the posterior leg compartment

A

GPS

104
Q

Posterior leg compartment - innervation

A

Tibial nerve

105
Q

Posterior leg compartment - arterial supply

A

Posterior tibial artery

106
Q

Name 4 muscles in deep layer of posterior leg

A

Posterior tibialis
FDL
FHL
Popliteus

107
Q

Popliteus - action

A

Unlocks fully extended knee by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia
Weak knee flexion

108
Q

Tarsal tunnel contents - closest to medial malleolus&raquo_space;> furthest from medial malleolus

A 
Tarsal tunnel contents
TOM DICK AND VERY NERVOUS HARRY
Tibialis posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Posterior tibial Artery
Posterior tibial Vein
Tibial Nerve
Flexor Hallucis longus
109
Q

Deep layer of posterior leg compartment - action

A

Plantarflexion of ankle joint

Toe flexion

110
Q

What covers the tarsal tunnel

A

Flexor retinaculum

111
Q

Name muscles in layer 1 of plantar foot

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis

112
Q

Name muscles in layer 2 of plantar foot

A

Lumbricals

Quadratus plantae

113
Q

Plantar foot - nerve supply and arterial supply

Action of plantar foot muscles

A

Medial and plantar nerves
Medial and plantar artery
Toe flexion

114
Q

Passive factors that maintain integrity of the arches

A 
Shape of united bones
Plantar aponeurosis
Long plantar ligament
Short plantar ligament
Spring ligament
115
Q

Dynamic factors that maintain integrity of arches

A

Intrinsic muscles of foot
Long flexor tendons
Tendon of tibias anterior
Tendon of fibulas longs

116
Q

Dorsal muscles of the foot [2]

Innervation

A

Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis
Deep fibular nerve

117
Q

Distal tibiofibular joint

Proximal tibiofibular joint

A

Syndesmosis or fibrous joint

Synovial plane joint

118
Q

Hip joint
Knee joint
Tarocrural articulation

A

Synovial ball and socket joint
Synovial hinge joint
Synovial hinge joint

119
Q

SI joint

Pubic symphysis

A

Syndesmosis

Secondary cartilaginous joint

Quick Revision Lower Limb (9 decks)

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